Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

Foregut

Blood supply

Referred pain

A

Celiac artery

Epigastric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Midgut

Blood supply

Referred pain

A

SMA

umbilicus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hindgut

Blood supply

Referred pain

A

IMA

Hypogastric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Compartment of the pharynx

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Stratified squamous

Upper 1/3 striated

Mid 1/3 mixed

Lower 1/3 smooth muscle

A

Esoohagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

10 inches
18-25 cm

Muscular tube

Begins at cricoid (C6) and ends at esophageal hiatus (cardia)

Has cervical, thoracic and abdominal parts

A

Esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Esophageal hiatus level

A

T10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Esophageal hiatus content

A

Esophagus
Left gastric artery and vein
Left and right vagus nerves
Lymphatics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cervical esophagus blood supply

A

Inferior thyroid artery of
Thyrocervical trunk
Subclavian artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Thoracic esophagus

Blood supply

A

Bronchial arteries

Aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Abdominal esophagus

Blood supply

A

Left gastric artery

Inferior phrenic artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Constrictions of the Esophagus

A

Cervical constriction (UES) at cricoid cartilage

Bronchoaortic constriction

Diaphragmatic constriction (LES)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hypertensive LES
Aperistalsis of Esophageal Body
Failure of LES to relax

A

Achalasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Surgical tx for achalasia

A

Heller’s myotomy

+/- Partial fundoplication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Type 1

Esophageal Hernia

A

Sliding Hernia
GEJ at thorax
Hernia content GEJ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Type II

Esophageal hernia

A

Rolling/Paraesophageal Hernia
GEJ in abdomen
Hernia content in fundus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Type III

Esophageal Hernia

A

Mixed
Sliding and Paraesophageal
GEJ thorax
Hernia content GEJ + Stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Type IV

Esophageal Hernia

A

Mixed + another organ

most commonly spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Weak spot between inferior constrictor and cricopharyngeus

A

Killian’s triangle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Killian’s triangle is the most common site of

A

Zenker’s Diverticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Most common site of esophageal perforation

A

Killian’s triangle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Diagnosed by Barium swallow

Tx: 2 cm or less pharyngomyotomy

> 2cms Diverticulectomy

Diverticulopexy

A

Zenker’s Diverticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Most common esoohageal diverticulum

A

Zenker’s diverticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Between the transverse and oblique fibers

Pseudodiverticula

A

Zenker’s diverticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Typically arises in the mid esophagus
Includes mucosal, submucosal, and muscular layers of the esophagus

True diverticulum

From the pull of an adjacent mediastinal scar such as in granulomatous infection

A

Traction diverticula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Inadequate relaxation of either the upper or lower esophageal sphincter resulting in increased intraluminal pressure and subsequent herniation of the esophageal wall at an area of weakness

A

Pulsion diverticulum

Ex Zenker’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

False diverticula contains only

A

Submucosa
Mucosa

More common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Columnar lined epithelium of the esophagus rather than squamous epithelium

Hallmark of intestinal metaplasia is the presence of:

A

Barett’s esophagus

Goblet cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

May lead to ulcer, stricture formation and dysplasia and cancer

30 - 125x increased risk of developing adenocarcinoma

A

Barett’s esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Most common presenting symptom

60% of esophageal lumen is infiltrated

A

Dysphagia

Others: stridor, cough, choking, aspiration pneumonia, bleeding, hoarseness, jaundice and bone pain
anorexia and weight loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Esophageal cancer treatment with best chance for cure and provides effective palliation

A

Surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Trans-thoracic esophagectomy

A

Ivor-Lewis procedure

wider lymphadenectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Trans-hiatal esophagectomy

A

Orringer’s procedure

Avoids thoracotomy

Less morbidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Linear laceration of esophagus

Common in alcoholics with history of forceful retching or vomiting

A

Mallory-Weiss Tear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Thin submucosal ring in the lower esophagus

A

Schatzki’s ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Squamous Cell CA
Esophageal web
Atrophic glossitis
IDA

A

Plummer Vinson Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

A true surgical emergency
Mostly follows a therapeutic or diagnostic procedure

Pain: striking and consistent symptom

A

Esophageal rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Spontaneous rupture of the esophagus
Usual history of resisting vomiting
High mortality due to misdiagnosis and delay in treatment
Usually occurs into the left pleural cavity or just above the gastroesophageal junction

A

Esophageal perforation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Quadrant lines

A

Transumbilical plane

Median plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Duodenum lies above the

A

umbilicus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Bifurcation of the aorta
Iliac crest

Vertebral level?

Dermatomal level?

AOG?

A

L4

T10

20 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Planes of the abdomen

A

Midclavicular
Subcostal
Transtubercular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

3rd part of the duodenum
Origin of IMA

is on this plane at
the level of?

A

Subcostal plane

L3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Transtubercular plane is at vertebral level?

A

L5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

This plane contains pylorus of stomach
Duodenojejunal junction
Neck of pancreas
Hila of kidneys

Vertebral level?

A

Transpylori

L1

46
Q

Superficial fascia

Outer fatty layer

A

Camper fascia

47
Q

Superficial fascia

Inner membranous layer

A

Scarpa fascia

48
Q

The Scarpa fascia is continuous with the

A

Dartos fascia of scrotum

Colles fascia of superficial perineal fascia

49
Q

Layers of the Abdomen

A 
9:
Skin
Subcutaneous layer
Superficial fascia (Camper and Scarpa)
External oblique muscle
Internal oblique muscle
Transversus abdominis muscle
Transversalis fascia
Preperitoneal adipose and areolar tissue
Peritoneum
50
Q

The external oblique gives rise to

A

Inguinal Poupart ligament
External/superficial inguinal ring
External spermatic fascia

51
Q

The internal oblique gives rise to

A

Splits
Conjoint tendon
Middle Cremaster spermatic fascia and muscle

52
Q

The transversalis fascia gives to

A

Internal spermatic fascia

Internal/deep inguinal ring

53
Q

Above the arcuate line (semicircular line 4-5cm below umbilicus)

Anterior?

Posterior?

A

Anterior:
external oblique aponeurosis
anterior lamina of internal oblique aponeurosis

Posterior layer:
posterior lamina of internal oblique
transversus abdominis aponeurosis

54
Q

Below the arcuate line:

Anterior?

Posterior?

A

Anterior:
External oblique aponeurosis
Internal oblique aponeurosis
Transversus abdominis aponeurosis

Posterior:
Only transversalis fascia

55
Q

Structures within the rectus sheath:

A 
Rectus abdominis muscle
Pyramidalis 
Superior epigastric artery
Inferior epigastric artery
Lower 6 intercostal nerves
Subcostal nerve
56
Q

Paracentesis approach

Flank

A 
Skin
Superficial fascia (Camper, Scarpa)
EO
IO
TA
TF
Preperitoneal fat
Peritoneum (parietal)
57
Q

Paracentesis

Midline approach

A 
Skin
Superficial fascia (Camper, Scarpa)
Linea alba
Transversalis fascia
Preperitoneal fat
Peritoneum (parietal)
58
Q

Counterpart of superficial fascia
Camper
Scarpa

in the covering of the scrotum

A

Camper - Dartos

Scarpa - Colles

59
Q

Where extravasated urine occupies

Between the superficial fascia and external oblique muscle

A

Superficial perineal space

60
Q

External oblique counterpart in scrotum and testes

A

External spermatic fascia

61
Q

Internal oblique muscle counterpart

A

Cremasteric fascia and muscle

62
Q

Transverse abdominis counterpart in scrotum and testes

A

Does not continue into scrotal area

63
Q

Transversalis fascia counterpart in scrotum and testes

A

Internal spermatic fascia

64
Q

Extraperitoneal fat counterpart in scrotum and testes

A

Extraperitoneal fat

65
Q

Parietal peritoneum counterpart in scrotum and testes

A

Tunica vaginalis

66
Q

Midline fibrous line formed by fusion of the layers of the rectus sheath attached superiorly to the xiphoid and inferiorly to the pubic symphysis

A

Linea alba

67
Q

Curved line on the ventral abdominal wall parallel to the midline halfway between it and the side of the body that marks the lateral border of the rectus abdominis muscle

A

Linea semilunaris

68
Q

Most common cause is trauma
Most commonly occurs on the right side, below the umbilicus
Rupture of Inferior epigastric vein

A

Rectus sheath hematoma

69
Q

Rectus sheath hematoma is most commonly caused by rupture of the

A

Inferior epigastric veins

70
Q

Palpable abdominal mass that remains unchanged with contraction

A

Fothergill sign

71
Q

Dx for rectus sheath hematoma

Tx?

Does not cross the midline

A

CT

Ice pack, resuscitation

72
Q

Connection between the superficial and deep inguinal ring

A

Inguinal canal

73
Q

Inguinal canal content

A

Spermatic cord
Round ligament
Ilioinguial nerve
Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve

74
Q

Boundaries of inguinal canal

A

Roof:
Internal oblique muscle
Transversus abdominis muscle

Anterior wall:
Aponeurosis of external oblique
Aponeurosis of internal oblique

Floor:
Inguinal ligament
Lacunar ligament

Posterior wall:
Transversalis fascia
Conjoint tendon

75
Q

Poor gubernacular fixation -> torsion

Homologue of gubernaculum in females

A

Bell clapper deformity

76
Q

Formation of hydrocele
Formation of indirect hernia

arises from

A

peristent processus vaginalis

77
Q

Hesselbach/Inguinal triangle boundaries:

A

Superiorly: Inguinal ligament
Medially: Rectus abdominis
Laterally: Inferior epigastric vessels

78
Q

Located medial to inferior epigastric vessels

A

Direct hernia

79
Q

Hernia superolateral to the inferior epigastric vessels

A

Indirect inguinal hernia

80
Q

Projects through inguinal ring

Below and lateral to inferior epigastric vessels

A

Indirect inguinal hernia

81
Q

Projects through abdominal wall

Medial to epigastric vessels

A

Direct inguinal hernia

82
Q

The deep inguinal ring in relation to the inferior epigastric vessel

A

Is lateral hence indirect if lateral to inferior epigastric vessel since it goes down the inguinal ring

83
Q 
Infants
Congenital
Lateral to inferior epigastric vessels
Deep inguinal ring leaving out through the superficial inguinal ring
Narrow neck
A

Indirect inguinal hernia

84
Q 
Old men
Weak musculature
Medial to inferior epigastric vessels
Traverses the Hesselbach’s triangle
Wide neck
A

Direct inguinal hernia

85
Q

Type of hernia more prone to obstruction/strangulation

A

Indirect hernia

86
Q

Test that differentiates between epididymitis and torsion?

A

Phren’s test

87
Q

Positive Phren
Pain relief with lifting the affected testicle

Dx?

A

Epididymitis

88
Q

Negative Phren’s sign
Loss of cremasteric reflex
30% of males with normal testicle have absent cremasteric reflex though

A

Testicular torsion

89
Q

Continuous with the transversalis fascia

Has 3 compartments

A

Femoral sheath

90
Q

Medial compartment of femoral sheath is the

A

Femoral canal

Contains lymphatics

91
Q

Middle compartment of femoral sheath contains the

A

Femoral vein

92
Q

Lateral compartment of the femoral sheath

A

Femoral artery

93
Q

Femoral nerve with respect to the femoral sheath

A

Lateral

94
Q

Upper opening of femoral canal

A

Femoral ring

95
Q

Anterior to the femoral ring

A

Inguinal ligament

96
Q

Posterior to the femoral ring

A

Pectineal ligament

97
Q

Medial to the femoral ring

A

Lacunar ligament

98
Q

Lateral to the femoral ring

A

Femoral vein

99
Q

Most common hernia in females

A

Inguinal hernia

100
Q

Femoral hernia is more common in

A

females

101
Q

Inguinal ligament relation with

Inguinal hernia

Femoral hernia

A

Inguinal hernia: above

Femoral hernia: below

102
Q

Pubic tubercle relation with

Inguinal hernia

Femoral hernia

A

Medial to the inguinal hernia

Lateral to the femoral hernia

103
Q

Parietal peritoneum

nerve supply

pain quality?

A

Somatic nerves

Sharp, localized

104
Q

Visceral peritoneum

Nerve supply

Pain quality?

A

GVA fibers from autonomics

Diffuse, aching or cramping

105
Q

Lining epithelium of peritoneum

A

Mesothelium (simple squamous)

also in pleura, peritoneum, mediastinum, pericardium

106
Q

Faciform ligament

Content?

Embryonic structure?

A

Round ligament

Umbilical vein

107
Q

Median umbilical fold

Content

Fetal sturcture?

A

Median umbilical ligament

Allantois

108
Q

Medial umbilical fold

Content?

Fetal structure

A

Medial umbilical ligament

Umbilical artery

109
Q

Lateral umbilical fold

Content?

Fetal structure

A

Inferior epigastric vessels

110
Q

Reveals when urethral obstruction is present

Such as in congenital urethral obstruction
prostate enlargement

A

Patent urachus

111
Q

Have mesentery

Mobile

A

Visceral peritoneum

112
Q

Immobile or fixed

A

Retroperitoneal

Anatomy (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions