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Anatomy > LE > Flashcards

LE Flashcards

1
Q

Largest sesamoid bone

Sesamoid -develops within tendon

A

Patella

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2
Q

Only ligaments are attached

A

Talus

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3
Q

Valgus stress

A

MCL

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4
Q

Varus stress

A

LCL

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5
Q

Medial meniscus is usually damaged with

A

MCL

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6
Q

85% of stability that provides anterior translation of tibia on femur

A

ACL

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7
Q

Popping with swelling

Hemathrosis

A

ACL tear

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8
Q

Test for ACL

A

Lachman test 30 deg
Anterior Drawer 90deg
Pivot shift

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9
Q

Femoral canal

A

Lat to medial

Nerve-Artery-Vein-Empty-

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10
Q

Pes Anserine

A

Sartorius
Semitendinosus
Gracilis

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11
Q

Triangle of Doom (Lap Hernia)

A

Femoral nerve
Lat femoral cutaneous n
Femoral branch of genitofemoral n

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12
Q

Harvested as graft during facial nerve injury

A

Sural nerve

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13
Q

Compartment syndrome

A 
Pain out of prop
Paresthesia
Pallor 
Pressure 
Pulselessness
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14
Q

Ankle stability keystone

A

Lateral malleolus

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15
Q

Fx of anterior glenoid in anterior shoulder disloc

A

Bankart fracture

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16
Q

Fx of 5th metacarpal neck

A

Boxer’s fx

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17
Q

Comminuted fx of 1st MCP base

A

Rolando’s

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18
Q

Blood supply of the head of the femur

A

Medial femoral circumflex artery (most important)
Artery to head of femur (obturator artery)
Lateral femoral circumflex artery

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19
Q

Main blood supply of head of femur in children

A

Artery to head of femur

Obturatory artery

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20
Q

Idiopathic avascular necrosis of the proximal femoral head in the child

Males > Females

Limp

A

Legg Calve Perthes Disease

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21
Q

Formerly called congenital dislocation of hip
Lacks development of acetabulum and femur

Common in first born females born in breech
+ Trendelenburg sign

A

Developmental dysplasia of hip

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22
Q

Test to dislocate the hip posteriorly

A

Barlow maneuver

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23
Q

Test to confirm hip dislocation by reducing acetabulum back to the cavity

A

Ortolani maneuver

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24
Q

Superior gluteal nerve palsy
Congenital dislocation of hip
Coxa vara

A

Trendelenburg sign

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25
Q

Common in young athletes

Fragmentation of tibial tuberosity (knobby knees)

A

OsgoodSchlatter disease

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26
Q

Anterior thigh muscles
Hip flexors and knee extensors

Innervated by

A

Femoral nerve

Iliopsoas
TFL
Sartorius
Quad fem

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27
Q

Medial thigh muscles
Adduct the thigh

Innervated by:

A

Obturator nerve

Pectineus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Gracilis
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28
Q

Extensors of thigh
Flexors of the leg

Innervated by:

A

Sciatic nerve

Hamstring muscles
Adductor magnus

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29
Q

Adductor magnus inserts at

A

Linea aspera

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30
Q

Most common site of compartment syndome in leg

A

anterior compartment

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31
Q

Inc production of fluid
Inc pressure, dec venous return and dec arterial supply

Paresthesia between first and second toe

A

Compartment syndrome

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32
Q

30-45 mmHg pressure on anterior leg

> 45 mmHg pressure on anterior leg

A

Close monitoring

Surgery

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33
Q

Triangular fascial space in the superoanterior third of thigh

A

femoral triangle

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34
Q

Boundaries of femoral triangle

A

Superior: inguinal ligament
Medially: adductor LONGUS
Laterally: sartorius

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35
Q

Contents of femoral triangle

A

Femoral nerve and branches
Femoral sheath and content
Femoral artery
Femoral vein

NAV (lateral to medial)

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36
Q

Most common type of hernia

A

Indirect

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37
Q

Most common type of hernia in females

A

Indirect

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38
Q

Funnel shaped fascial tube formed by inferior prolongation of iliopsoas and transverse fascia of abdomen

A

Femoral sheath

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39
Q

Compartment of femoral sheath

A

Lateral: Femoral artery
Intermediate: Femoral vein
Medial: Femoral canal

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40
Q

Appears as a mass, tender in the femoral triangle
Weak femoral ring in the anterior abdominal wall that normally admits tip of 5th digit

More common in females

A

Femoral hernia

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41
Q

Upper opening of the femoral canal

A

Femoral ring

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42
Q

Neck of the femoral sac is always lateral and below the

A

pubic tubercle

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43
Q

Aka subsartorial canal

Fascial tunnel running from the apex of the femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus in the tendon of the adductor magnus muscle

A

Adductor canal

Hunter’s canal

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44
Q

Boundaries of adductor canal

A

Anterior: sartorius
Lateral: vastus medialis
Posterior and Medial: adductor longus and magnus

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45
Q

Contents of adductor canal

A

Femoral artery and vein
Saphenous NERVE
Nerve to vastus medialis

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46
Q

Flexes hip

A

Iliopsoas

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47
Q

Extends hip

A

Gluteus maximus

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48
Q

External rotator of the hip

A

Obturator internus

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49
Q

Internal rotator of hip

A

Gluteus minimus

TFL

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50
Q

Abductor of hip

A

Gluteus medius

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51
Q

Adductor of hip

A

Adductor magnus

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52
Q

Most common cause of sciatic nerve injury

A

Intragluteal injection

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53
Q

Injection at the buttocks should be directed at

A

Upper outer quadrant

Superior to line extending from PSIS to greater trochanter

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54
Q

Triangular area between index ASIS and middle fingers (iliac tubercle)

A

TFL

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55
Q

Most common site of fracture (Salter Harris)

A

wrist

56
Q

Type I Salter Harris fracture

A

Separation
Straight across epiphyseal plate
Favorable prognosis

57
Q

Salter Harris Type II

A

Above epiphyseal plate

Epiphyseal + Metaphysis

58
Q

Most common type of Salter Harris

A

Type II

59
Q

Type III Salter Harris

A

Lower
Below epiphyseal plate
Epiphyseal plate + epiphysis

60
Q

Salter Harris type that develops arthritis

A

Salter Harris Type III

61
Q

Salter Harris Type IV

A

Through epiphyseal plate
Two
Epiphyseal plate + metaphysis above + epiphysis below

62
Q

Type V Salter Harris

A

Ruined
Crush fracture
Erasure of growth plate
Worst prognosis

63
Q

Salter Harris Type I

in obese teenager

A

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis

64
Q

Contents of popliteal fossa

A

Tibial nerve
Popliteal vein
Popliteal artery

65
Q

Hamstring muscles arrangement

Medial to lateral

A

MTB
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Biceps femoris

66
Q

Popliteal fossa boundaries

A

Superomedial: semitendinosus, semimembranosus
Superolateral: biceps femoris
Inferomedial: grastrocnemous, medial head
Inferolateral: gastrocnemius, lateral head

67
Q

Often missing

Can be used as autografts as well as palmaris longus

A

Plantaris

Freshman’s

68
Q

Unlocks knee joint

At lower border of popliteus, popliteal artery divides into anterior and posterior tibial arteries

A

Popliteus

69
Q

Flexes knee

A

Iliopsoas

70
Q

Extends the knee

A

Gluteus maximus

71
Q

Dorsiflexes ankle

A

TA

72
Q

Platarflexes ankle

A

Triceps surae

Gastroc-soleus

73
Q

Inverts foot

A

Tibialis posterior

74
Q

Everts the foot

A

Peroneus brevis

75
Q

Structures that prevent dislocation of patella

A

Lower horizontal fibers of vastus medialis

Larger size of lateral femoral condyle

76
Q

Continuation of the medial head of gastrocnemius or semimembranosus bursa communicating with synovial cavity of knee joint

A

Baker’s cyst

Popliteal cyst

77
Q

Also known as housemaid’s knee

A

Prepatellar bursitis

78
Q

Also known as clergyman’s vicar knee

A

Infrapatellar bursitis

79
Q

Intracapsular ligaments

Extrasynovial

A

Cruciate ligaments

80
Q

Most common cause of hemarthrosis is rupture of

A

ACL

81
Q

Major blood supply of ACL

A

Middle geniculate artery
Upper third via synovium
Inferior medial geniculate
Inferior lateral geniculate via infrapatellar fat pad

82
Q

Pop
Knee giving away at time of injury
Swollen immediately
Severe pain

A

ACL tear

83
Q

Direction of impact in ACL tear

A

Posterolateral aspect

84
Q

Test for lateral meniscus

A

McMurray’s

85
Q

Unhappy triad of O’Donoghue

A

MCL
ACL
Medial meniscal tear

86
Q

Anterior leg muscles

Inn:

A 
TA
EDL
Peroneus tertius
EHL
EDB

Deep Peroneal Nerve

87
Q

Lateral leg muscles

Inn

A

Peroneus longus
Peroneus brevis

Superficial Peroneal Nerve

Plantarflexion, Evertion

88
Q

Posterior leg muscles

Innervation

A

Superficial group
Gastrocnemius, plantaris, soleus

Deep group
Popliteus, FDL, FHL, TP

Tibial nerve

Plantarflexion/Flexion

89
Q

Most common site of tibial fracture

A

Between middle and inferior third

Open fracture leads to osteomyelitis

90
Q

Sickle cell anemia osteomyelitis is most frequently caused by

A

Salmonella

91
Q

Nerves of gluteal region

A 
Superior gluteal nerve
Inferior gluteal nerve
Sciatic nerve
Posterior femoral cutaneous 
Pudendal nerve
92
Q

Compression of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve due to overweight and wearing of tight fitting clothes

Sensory deficit

A

Meralgia paresthetica

Anterolateral thigh

93
Q

Femoral neuropathy deficits

Motor:
Sensory:

A

Knee extension

Anterior and medial thigh
Medial leg
Medial foot

94
Q

Dashboard injury

Posterior dislocation of hip

A

Sciatic neuropathy L4-S3

95
Q

Sciatic neuropathy deficits

Motor:
Sensory:

A

Knee flexion
Below the knee

Posterior thigh
Below the knee except the area supplied by saphenous nerve

96
Q

Most common neuropathy of lower extremity

A

Common peroneal neuropathy

97
Q

Winds around neck of fibula

A

Common peroneal nerve

98
Q

Lithotomy position
Compressive cast
Fibular neck fracture
Steppage gait

A

Common peroneal neuropathy

99
Q

Common peroneal neuropathy deficit

Motor:
Sensory:

A

Anterior compartment - foot drop
Lateral compartment weakness

Anterior and lateral sensory deficit
Dorsum of foot deficit
Between first and second toes

100
Q

Compartment syndrome

Ski boot syndrome (ankle)

A

Deep peroneal neuropathy

101
Q

Deep peroneal neuropathy deficits

Motor:
Sensory:

A

Anterior compartment - foot drop

Between first and second toes

102
Q

Rare
Superficial peroneal neuropathy deficit

Motor:
Sensory:

A

Lateral compartment

Anterior and lateral leg
Dorsum of foot

103
Q

Direct trauma in popliteal fossa

Tarsal tunnel syndrome (ankle)

A

Tibial neuropathy

104
Q

Tibial neuropathy deficit

Motor:
Sensory:

A

Plantarflexion

Sole

105
Q

Obturator hernia
Parturition
Anterior dislocation of hip

A

Obturator neuropathy

106
Q

Obturator neuropathy deficit

Motor:
Sensory:

A

Adduction

Medial thigh

107
Q

Intercostobrachial nerve dermatome

A

T2

108
Q

Lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle

A

ATFL
CFL
PTFL

109
Q

Most common sprained ligament of the ankle

A

Anterior talofibular ligament

110
Q

2nd most common sprained ankle lig

A

Calcaneofibular ligament

111
Q

Least commonly sprained ankle ligament

A

Posterior talofibular ligament

112
Q

Medial mallelous avulsion

Fibular fracture due to lateral movement of talus

A

Eversion injury

Pott’s fracture

113
Q

A lover may jump from great heights trying to escape from lover’s spouse

Calcane fracture

Burst fracture of lumbar or thoracic spine

A

Lover’s fracture

114
Q

Most commonly fractured tarsal bone

A

Calcaneus

115
Q

Most common in distal third of 2nd, 3rd and 4th metatarsal

A

March fracture

116
Q

Fragmentation of inferior patellar pole

A

Metatarsal fracture

117
Q

Inflammation of bone at the bottom of patella where tendon from the shin bone attaches

Overuse knee injury rather than traumatic injury

Also adolescents

A

Sinding Larsen Johansson Syndrome

118
Q

Patellar tendon pulls over growth plate of tibia over and over

A

Osgood-Schlatter

119
Q

Palpation of the femoral artery can be felt midway

A

between ASIS and pubic symphysis

120
Q

Contents of popliteal fossa

superficial to deep

A

Tibial nerve
Popliteal vein
Popliteal artery

Medial to lateral
Popliteal a - Popliteal v - Tibial n - Common fibular

121
Q

Posterior tibial artery is palpated between

A

FHL and FDL between medial malleolus and heel

122
Q

Medial foot:

A 
Tibialis Posterior tendon
Flexor DL
Tibial Artery
Tibial Vein
Tibial Nerve
Flexor HL

TOM DICK AND VERY NERVOUS HARRY

123
Q

Medial plantar nerve supplies

A

Lumbrical 1
Abductor hallucis
Flexor digitorum brevis
Flexor hallucis brevis

124
Q

Plantar nerves

A

Lateral plantar nerve

Medial plantar nerve

125
Q

UMNL

May be present until child is 4 years

A

Babinski sign

126
Q

Dorsalis pedis can be palpated

A

1/3 to the medial malleolus

Continuation of tibial artery

127
Q

Dorsalis pedis is felt between

A

EHL

EDL

128
Q

Fracture of lower end of fibula accompanied by fracture of medial malleolus or rupture of the deltoid ligament

Caused by eversion of foot

A

Pott’s fracture

129
Q

T shaped fracture of distal femur with displacement of condyles
Caused by blow to the flexed knee of a person riding pillion on a motorcycle

A

Pillion fracture

130
Q

Keystone of MLA

A

Head of talus

131
Q

talus has a body with a groove on its posterior surface for

A

FHL

132
Q

Largest and strongest bone of foot

A

Calcaneus

133
Q

Shelf like medial projection of calcaneus that supports head of the talus with the spring ligament

A

Sustentaculum tali

134
Q

Keystone of lateral longitudinal arch of foot

A

Cuboid

135
Q

Cuboid has groove for the

A

peroneus longus muscle

Anatomy (13 decks)

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