LE Flashcards
(135 cards)
1
Q
Largest sesamoid bone
Sesamoid -develops within tendon
A
Patella
2
Q
Only ligaments are attached
A
Talus
3
Q
Valgus stress
A
MCL
4
Q
Varus stress
A
LCL
5
Q
Medial meniscus is usually damaged with
A
MCL
6
Q
85% of stability that provides anterior translation of tibia on femur
A
ACL
7
Q
Popping with swelling
Hemathrosis
A
ACL tear
8
Q
Test for ACL
A
Lachman test 30 deg
Anterior Drawer 90deg
Pivot shift
9
Q
Femoral canal
A
Lat to medial
Nerve-Artery-Vein-Empty-
10
Q
Pes Anserine
A
Sartorius
Semitendinosus
Gracilis
11
Q
Triangle of Doom (Lap Hernia)
A
Femoral nerve
Lat femoral cutaneous n
Femoral branch of genitofemoral n
12
Q
Harvested as graft during facial nerve injury
A
Sural nerve
13
Q
Compartment syndrome
A
Pain out of prop Paresthesia Pallor Pressure Pulselessness
14
Q
Ankle stability keystone
A
Lateral malleolus
15
Q
Fx of anterior glenoid in anterior shoulder disloc
A
Bankart fracture
16
Q
Fx of 5th metacarpal neck
A
Boxer’s fx
17
Q
Comminuted fx of 1st MCP base
A
Rolando’s
18
Q
Blood supply of the head of the femur
A
Medial femoral circumflex artery (most important)
Artery to head of femur (obturator artery)
Lateral femoral circumflex artery
19
Q
Main blood supply of head of femur in children
A
Artery to head of femur
Obturatory artery
20
Q
Idiopathic avascular necrosis of the proximal femoral head in the child
Males > Females
Limp
A
Legg Calve Perthes Disease
21
Q
Formerly called congenital dislocation of hip
Lacks development of acetabulum and femur
Common in first born females born in breech
+ Trendelenburg sign
A
Developmental dysplasia of hip
22
Q
Test to dislocate the hip posteriorly
A
Barlow maneuver
23
Q
Test to confirm hip dislocation by reducing acetabulum back to the cavity
A
Ortolani maneuver
24
Q
Superior gluteal nerve palsy
Congenital dislocation of hip
Coxa vara
A
Trendelenburg sign
25
Common in young athletes
Fragmentation of tibial tuberosity (knobby knees)
OsgoodSchlatter disease
26
Anterior thigh muscles
Hip flexors and knee extensors
Innervated by
Femoral nerve
Iliopsoas
TFL
Sartorius
Quad fem
27
Medial thigh muscles
Adduct the thigh
Innervated by:
Obturator nerve
```
Pectineus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Gracilis
```
28
Extensors of thigh
Flexors of the leg
Innervated by:
Sciatic nerve
Hamstring muscles
Adductor magnus
29
Adductor magnus inserts at
Linea aspera
30
Most common site of compartment syndome in leg
anterior compartment
31
Inc production of fluid
Inc pressure, dec venous return and dec arterial supply
Paresthesia between first and second toe
Compartment syndrome
32
30-45 mmHg pressure on anterior leg
>45 mmHg pressure on anterior leg
Close monitoring
Surgery
33
Triangular fascial space in the superoanterior third of thigh
femoral triangle
34
Boundaries of femoral triangle
Superior: inguinal ligament
Medially: adductor LONGUS
Laterally: sartorius
35
Contents of femoral triangle
Femoral nerve and branches
Femoral sheath and content
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
NAV (lateral to medial)
36
Most common type of hernia
Indirect
37
Most common type of hernia in females
Indirect
38
Funnel shaped fascial tube formed by inferior prolongation of iliopsoas and transverse fascia of abdomen
Femoral sheath
39
Compartment of femoral sheath
Lateral: Femoral artery
Intermediate: Femoral vein
Medial: Femoral canal
40
Appears as a mass, tender in the femoral triangle
Weak femoral ring in the anterior abdominal wall that normally admits tip of 5th digit
More common in females
Femoral hernia
41
Upper opening of the femoral canal
Femoral ring
42
Neck of the femoral sac is always lateral and below the
pubic tubercle
43
Aka subsartorial canal
Fascial tunnel running from the apex of the femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus in the tendon of the adductor magnus muscle
Adductor canal
| Hunter’s canal
44
Boundaries of adductor canal
Anterior: sartorius
Lateral: vastus medialis
Posterior and Medial: adductor longus and magnus
45
Contents of adductor canal
Femoral artery and vein
Saphenous NERVE
Nerve to vastus medialis
46
Flexes hip
Iliopsoas
47
Extends hip
Gluteus maximus
48
External rotator of the hip
Obturator internus
49
Internal rotator of hip
Gluteus minimus
| TFL
50
Abductor of hip
Gluteus medius
51
Adductor of hip
Adductor magnus
52
Most common cause of sciatic nerve injury
Intragluteal injection
53
Injection at the buttocks should be directed at
Upper outer quadrant
| Superior to line extending from PSIS to greater trochanter
54
Triangular area between index ASIS and middle fingers (iliac tubercle)
TFL
55
Most common site of fracture (Salter Harris)
wrist
56
Type I Salter Harris fracture
Separation
Straight across epiphyseal plate
Favorable prognosis
57
Salter Harris Type II
Above epiphyseal plate
| Epiphyseal + Metaphysis
58
Most common type of Salter Harris
Type II
59
Type III Salter Harris
Lower
Below epiphyseal plate
Epiphyseal plate + epiphysis
60
Salter Harris type that develops arthritis
Salter Harris Type III
61
Salter Harris Type IV
Through epiphyseal plate
Two
Epiphyseal plate + metaphysis above + epiphysis below
62
Type V Salter Harris
Ruined
Crush fracture
Erasure of growth plate
Worst prognosis
63
Salter Harris Type I
| in obese teenager
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
64
Contents of popliteal fossa
Tibial nerve
Popliteal vein
Popliteal artery
65
Hamstring muscles arrangement
| Medial to lateral
MTB
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Biceps femoris
66
Popliteal fossa boundaries
Superomedial: semitendinosus, semimembranosus
Superolateral: biceps femoris
Inferomedial: grastrocnemous, medial head
Inferolateral: gastrocnemius, lateral head
67
Often missing
| Can be used as autografts as well as palmaris longus
Plantaris
| Freshman’s
68
Unlocks knee joint
| At lower border of popliteus, popliteal artery divides into anterior and posterior tibial arteries
Popliteus
69
Flexes knee
Iliopsoas
70
Extends the knee
Gluteus maximus
71
Dorsiflexes ankle
TA
72
Platarflexes ankle
Triceps surae
| Gastroc-soleus
73
Inverts foot
Tibialis posterior
74
Everts the foot
Peroneus brevis
75
Structures that prevent dislocation of patella
Lower horizontal fibers of vastus medialis
| Larger size of lateral femoral condyle
76
Continuation of the medial head of gastrocnemius or semimembranosus bursa communicating with synovial cavity of knee joint
Baker’s cyst
| Popliteal cyst
77
Also known as housemaid’s knee
Prepatellar bursitis
78
Also known as clergyman’s vicar knee
Infrapatellar bursitis
79
Intracapsular ligaments
| Extrasynovial
Cruciate ligaments
80
Most common cause of hemarthrosis is rupture of
ACL
81
Major blood supply of ACL
Middle geniculate artery
Upper third via synovium
Inferior medial geniculate
Inferior lateral geniculate via infrapatellar fat pad
82
Pop
Knee giving away at time of injury
Swollen immediately
Severe pain
ACL tear
83
Direction of impact in ACL tear
Posterolateral aspect
84
Test for lateral meniscus
McMurray’s
85
Unhappy triad of O’Donoghue
MCL
ACL
Medial meniscal tear
86
Anterior leg muscles
Inn:
```
TA
EDL
Peroneus tertius
EHL
EDB
```
Deep Peroneal Nerve
87
Lateral leg muscles
Inn
Peroneus longus
Peroneus brevis
Superficial Peroneal Nerve
Plantarflexion, Evertion
88
Posterior leg muscles
Innervation
Superficial group
Gastrocnemius, plantaris, soleus
Deep group
Popliteus, FDL, FHL, TP
Tibial nerve
Plantarflexion/Flexion
89
Most common site of tibial fracture
Between middle and inferior third
Open fracture leads to osteomyelitis
90
Sickle cell anemia osteomyelitis is most frequently caused by
Salmonella
91
Nerves of gluteal region
```
Superior gluteal nerve
Inferior gluteal nerve
Sciatic nerve
Posterior femoral cutaneous
Pudendal nerve
```
92
Compression of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve due to overweight and wearing of tight fitting clothes
Sensory deficit
Meralgia paresthetica
Anterolateral thigh
93
Femoral neuropathy deficits
Motor:
Sensory:
Knee extension
Anterior and medial thigh
Medial leg
Medial foot
94
Dashboard injury
| Posterior dislocation of hip
Sciatic neuropathy L4-S3
95
Sciatic neuropathy deficits
Motor:
Sensory:
Knee flexion
Below the knee
Posterior thigh
Below the knee except the area supplied by saphenous nerve
96
Most common neuropathy of lower extremity
Common peroneal neuropathy
97
Winds around neck of fibula
Common peroneal nerve
98
Lithotomy position
Compressive cast
Fibular neck fracture
Steppage gait
Common peroneal neuropathy
99
Common peroneal neuropathy deficit
Motor:
Sensory:
Anterior compartment - foot drop
Lateral compartment weakness
Anterior and lateral sensory deficit
Dorsum of foot deficit
Between first and second toes
100
Compartment syndrome
| Ski boot syndrome (ankle)
Deep peroneal neuropathy
101
Deep peroneal neuropathy deficits
Motor:
Sensory:
Anterior compartment - foot drop
Between first and second toes
102
Rare
Superficial peroneal neuropathy deficit
Motor:
Sensory:
Lateral compartment
Anterior and lateral leg
Dorsum of foot
103
Direct trauma in popliteal fossa
| Tarsal tunnel syndrome (ankle)
Tibial neuropathy
104
Tibial neuropathy deficit
Motor:
Sensory:
Plantarflexion
Sole
105
Obturator hernia
Parturition
Anterior dislocation of hip
Obturator neuropathy
106
Obturator neuropathy deficit
Motor:
Sensory:
Adduction
Medial thigh
107
Intercostobrachial nerve dermatome
T2
108
Lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle
ATFL
CFL
PTFL
109
Most common sprained ligament of the ankle
Anterior talofibular ligament
110
2nd most common sprained ankle lig
Calcaneofibular ligament
111
Least commonly sprained ankle ligament
Posterior talofibular ligament
112
Medial mallelous avulsion
| Fibular fracture due to lateral movement of talus
Eversion injury
| Pott’s fracture
113
A lover may jump from great heights trying to escape from lover’s spouse
Calcane fracture
Burst fracture of lumbar or thoracic spine
Lover’s fracture
114
Most commonly fractured tarsal bone
Calcaneus
115
Most common in distal third of 2nd, 3rd and 4th metatarsal
March fracture
116
Fragmentation of inferior patellar pole
Metatarsal fracture
117
Inflammation of bone at the bottom of patella where tendon from the shin bone attaches
Overuse knee injury rather than traumatic injury
Also adolescents
Sinding Larsen Johansson Syndrome
118
Patellar tendon pulls over growth plate of tibia over and over
Osgood-Schlatter
119
Palpation of the femoral artery can be felt midway
between ASIS and pubic symphysis
120
Contents of popliteal fossa
| superficial to deep
Tibial nerve
Popliteal vein
Popliteal artery
Medial to lateral
Popliteal a - Popliteal v - Tibial n - Common fibular
121
Posterior tibial artery is palpated between
FHL and FDL between medial malleolus and heel
122
Medial foot:
```
Tibialis Posterior tendon
Flexor DL
Tibial Artery
Tibial Vein
Tibial Nerve
Flexor HL
```
TOM DICK AND VERY NERVOUS HARRY
123
Medial plantar nerve supplies
Lumbrical 1
Abductor hallucis
Flexor digitorum brevis
Flexor hallucis brevis
124
Plantar nerves
Lateral plantar nerve
| Medial plantar nerve
125
UMNL
| May be present until child is 4 years
Babinski sign
126
Dorsalis pedis can be palpated
1/3 to the medial malleolus
| Continuation of tibial artery
127
Dorsalis pedis is felt between
EHL
| EDL
128
Fracture of lower end of fibula accompanied by fracture of medial malleolus or rupture of the deltoid ligament
Caused by eversion of foot
Pott’s fracture
129
T shaped fracture of distal femur with displacement of condyles
Caused by blow to the flexed knee of a person riding pillion on a motorcycle
Pillion fracture
130
Keystone of MLA
Head of talus
131
talus has a body with a groove on its posterior surface for
FHL
132
Largest and strongest bone of foot
Calcaneus
133
Shelf like medial projection of calcaneus that supports head of the talus with the spring ligament
Sustentaculum tali
134
Keystone of lateral longitudinal arch of foot
Cuboid
135
Cuboid has groove for the
peroneus longus muscle
