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Anatomy > Maxillofacial Anatomy and Correlates > Flashcards

Maxillofacial Anatomy and Correlates Flashcards

1
Q

Vertical buttresses

A

Zygomatico-fronto-maxillary (lateral)
Nasomaxillary (medial)
Pterygomaxillary (posterior)

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2
Q

Major buttresses of midface

A

Frontal bar
Medial nasomaxillary
Lateral zygomaxillary

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3
Q

Horizontal buttresses

A

Supraorbital bar
Inferior orbital rim/Orbital floor
Alveolus

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4
Q

Upper third of face

Any fracture is classified ⬆️

A

Frontal bone
Frontal sinus
Supraorbital ridge

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5
Q

Fx of middle third of face may involve

A 
Nasal
Orbital
Naso orbito ethmoidal complex
Zygoma
Maxilla
Alveolar process
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6
Q

Orbit (bones)

A 
Frontal 
Lacrimal 
Ethmoidal
Zygomatic
Maxillary
Sphenoidal
Palatine
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7
Q

Roof of orbit

A

Orbital plate of frontal bone
Lesser wing of sphenoid

rooFS

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8
Q

*Floor of orbit

A

Orbital plate of maxilla
Zygomatic bone
Orbital process of palatine bone

Maxilla
Zygomatic
Palatine

Floor MZP

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9
Q

Medial wall of orbit

A

Orbital plate of ethmoid
Lacrimal bone
Frontal process of maxilla
Body of sphenoid

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10
Q

Lateral wall or orbit

A

Frontal process of zygomatic

Greater wing of sphenoid

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11
Q

Strongest and thickest wall of orbit

A

Lateral wall

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12
Q

Apex of orbit transmits

A

Optic canal

CN II

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13
Q

Orbital margin

A

Frontal
Zygoma
Maxilla

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14
Q

Fracture of walls or floor of orbit

A

Blow out fracture

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15
Q

Opacification in upper maxillary sinus

represents periorbital fat and possibly an entrapped extraocular muscle in maxillary sinus on x ray

A

Tear drop sign

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16
Q

When patient tilts her head to left toward normal
the right eye does not deviate upward when normal left eye fixates

When patient tilts her head to right toward paralyzed muscle right eye deviates upward

A

Bielschowsky head tilt test

Parks three step test

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17
Q

Oculomotor nerve paralysis muscle affected

A

Levator palpebrae superioris

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18
Q

Down and out muscle

A

SO and LR

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19
Q

Low level type of fracture
Transverse Maxillary Fracture
Horizontal fracture through maxilla
Floating palate

A

Le Fort I

Guerin type

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20
Q

Separates maxilla from face
Fracture through frontal process of the maxilla
Through the orbital floor
Floating maxilla

A

Pyramidal fracture

Le Fort II

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21
Q

High level fracture
Facial bone, including zygomas are detached from anterior cranial base
Extends through the nasofrontal suture and frontozygomatic suture

Floating face
Craniofacial separation

A

Lefort III

Craniofacial dysjunction

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22
Q

Fracture of this plate is mandatory to diagnose Le Fort fracture

A

Pterygoid plate

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23
Q

Includes fracture:
Lateral orbital wall
Inferior orbital floor
Zygomatic arch

A

Zygomaticomaxillary complex

Tripod/Malar fracture

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24
Q

Most common part fractured in mandible

Weakest part

A

Condylar neck

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25
Q

Tripod fracture has 4 components

A

Orbital floor fracture
Fracture of lateral wall of maxillary antrum
Zygomatic arch
Widening of the zygomatico-frontal suture

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26
Q

Fracture of the condyle injures the

A

inferior alveolar nerve

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27
Q

Most commonly fractured bones of face

A

Nasal
Zygomatic
Mandible

eNZYme

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28
Q

unpaired facial bones

A

Vomer

Mandible

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29
Q

Most common site of epistaxis

Anterior epistaxis

Anteroinferior part of nasal septum

A

Kiesselbach plexus

Little area

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30
Q

Posterior epistaxis

A

Woodruf’s plexus

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31
Q

Kiesselbach plexus

A

Arterial anastomosis

Anterior ethmoidal artery
Sphenopalatine artery
Greater palatine artery
Septal branch of superior labial artery

GASS

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32
Q

Cavernous sinus contents

A

CN III, IV, V(1,2), VI

ICA

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33
Q

Infection in danger triangle of face may lead to

A

CST from facial vein thrombosis

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34
Q

Facial vein -> superior ophthalmic vein -> cavernous sinus

A

Cavernous sinus thrombosis

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35
Q

Mandibulofacial dysostosis

A

Treacher Collins syndrome

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36
Q

Prominent risorius in

A

Tetany

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37
Q

Horizontal wrinkle in forehead

A

Epicranius

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38
Q

Crow’s feet

A

Orbicularis occuli

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39
Q

Muscles of mastication

A

Temporalis
Internal medial pterygoid
Masseter
External lateral pterygoid

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40
Q

Opens the mouth

All other TIME muscles of mastication close the mouth except

A

Lateral pterygoid

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41
Q

Diplopia
Loss of sensation of skin of cheek and gum
Entrapment of inferior rectus limiting upward gaze

nerve affected?

A

Blow out fracture

infraorbital nerve

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42
Q

Patient unable to look at his shoulder due to paralysis of this muscle (and nerve)

Head may tilt to opposite side to minimize diplopia

A

Superior oblique

CN IV

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43
Q

CN III innervates muscles of the eye:

A

Levator palpebrae superioris
Sphincter pupillae
SR, IF, MR, IO

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44
Q

Contact between teeth

Relationship between maxillary (upper) and mandibular (lower) teeth when they approach each other as occurs during chewing or at rest.

A

Occlusion

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45
Q

Misalignment of teeth and jaws

Bad bite

A

Malocclusion

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46
Q

Unpaired of the 14 facial bones

A

Vomer

Mandible

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47
Q

Components of nasal septum

A

Vertical plate of ethmoid
Vomer
Septal cartilage

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48
Q

Masseter, Temporalis, Lateral pterygoid, Medial pterygoid innervation

A

Mandibular branch of V

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49
Q

All muscles of the tongue are innervated by CN XII except

A

Palatoglossus CN X

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50
Q

Palate muscles are innervated by CN X except

A

Tensor veli palatine V

51
Q

Pharyngeal muscles are innervated by CN X except

A

Stylopharyngeus CN IX

52
Q

Branches of ICA

A 
Choroidal artery
Anterior Cerebral
Middle Cerebral
Posterior Communicating
Ophthalmic artery
Superior Hypophyseal artery

CAMPOS

53
Q

Branches of ECA

A 
Supeior Thyroid
Ascending pharyngeal
Lingual
Maxillary
Facial
Occipital
Posterior Auricular
Superficial Temporal
54
Q

Paired clefts develop by

A

4 weeks

55
Q

Superior oblique
Abducens
Oculomotor muscles

Skeletal derivative: Maxillary, Palatine, Jugal, Trabecular cranii

CN V2

A

Pharyngeal arch 1

Maxillary V2

56
Q

Muscles of mastication
Tensor tympani
Anterior belly of digastrics

Incus anterior ligament of malleus
Palatoquadrate
Meckel’s cartilage

CN V3

A

Pharyngeal arch 1

Mandibular V3

57
Q

Muscles of facial expression
Posterior belly of digastric
Stylohyoid

Stapes, hyoid bone, Reichert’s cartilage

Facial nerve CN VII

A

Pharyngeal arch 2

Hyoid

58
Q

Stylopharyngeus

Horns of hyoid
Thyroid cartilage

CN IX

A

Pharyngeal arch 3

59
Q

Striates muscle of esophagus

Cricoid cartilage

Laryngeal branch of Vagus CN X

A

Pharyngeal arch 4 and 6

60
Q

Fistula is seen most commonly in

Presents in 1st decade of life

Tx is complete excision

A

2nd brachial cleft

61
Q

Skeletal derivatives of Second (Hyoid) Arch

A 
Stapes
Styloid process
Stylohyoid ligament
Lesser horn of hyoid bone
Superior part of body of hyoid bone
62
Q

Second arch muscle derivatives

A

Muscles of facial ex
Stylohyoid
Stapedius
Posterior belly of digastric

CN VII

63
Q

Vascular element of Second Arch derivatives

A

Stapedial artery

Tympanic branch of ICA

64
Q

Pharyngeal arch 1 is also called

and forms

A

Meckel’s cartilage

Head of malleus and body of incus

65
Q

Second pharyngeal arch is also called

and forms

A

Reichart’s cartilage

Handle of malleus
Long process of incus
Crurae of stapes

66
Q

Otic capsule forms

A

foot plate of Stapes

67
Q

Anomaly in brachial cleft 1 openings

A 
Preauricular (external)
Middle ear (internal)
68
Q

Anomaly at 2nd branchial cleft opens at

A 
Lateral neck SCM (external)
Tonsillar fossa (internal)
69
Q

Anomaly at 3rd branchial cleft opens at

A 
Lateral neck at SCM (external)
Pyriform sinus (internal)
70
Q

Most common cause of neck mass in child

A

Enlarged lymph node

71
Q

Branchial cleft anomaly occuring in association with biliary atresia and congenital cardiac anomalies

A

Goldenhar complex

72
Q

Most common site for lodging of ingested sharp foreign body

A

Piriform sinus

73
Q

Infrahyoid/Strap muscles

A

Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Omohyoid
Thyrohyoid

74
Q

All strap/infrahyoid muscles are innervated by ansa cervicalis except

A

Thyrohyoid C1 and C2

75
Q

Contents of submandibular triangle

A 
Submandibular gland
Facial vein and artery
Nerve to mylohyoid
Submental artery
Lymph nodes
76
Q

Contents of submental triangle

A

Anterior jugular vein

Lymph node

77
Q

Contents of carotid triangle

A

Common internal carotid
Internal jugular vein
Vagus nerve
Hypoglossal

78
Q

Contents of carotid sheath

A

Common and internal carotid
Internal jugular vein
Vagus nerve

79
Q

Bifurcation of common carotid

Just beneath anterior border of sternocleidomastoid at the level of the superior border of thyroid cartilage

A

Carotid pulse

80
Q

Occipital triangle contents:

A

Spinal accessory nerve XI
Brachial plexus trunk
Occipital artery

81
Q

Subclavian triangle contents

A

Supraclavicular/omoclavicular triangle

Subclavian artery third part
Three trunks Brachial plexus
EJV
Nerve to subclavius
Suprascapular nerve
82
Q

Superior thyroid artery is closely related to

A

External laryngeal nerve

83
Q

Inferior thyroid artery is closely related to

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

84
Q

The subclavian artery is divided into three parts by the

A

anterior scalenes

85
Q

Subclavian artery branches

A

Vertebral artery

Internal thoracic artery: superior epigastric, musculophrenic, perocardiophrenic

Thyrocervical trunk: inferior thyroid artery, ascending cervical, transverse cervical, suprascapular artery

Costocervical trunk: supreme intercostal, deep cervical

86
Q

Inferior aspect of cricoid cartilage to thoracic outlet

A

Zone I

87
Q

Cricoid to angle of mandible

Most common injured

A

Zone 2

88
Q

Angle of mandible to the base of the skull

A

Zone III

89
Q

Cutaneous branches of cervical plexus

A

Lesser occipital
Greater auricular
Transverse cutaneous
Supraclavicular

90
Q

Muscular branches of cervical plexus

A 
Prevertebral muscles
SCM C2 C3
Levator scapulae C3 C4
Trapezius C3 C4
Nerve to thyrohyoid/geniohyoid C1
Ansa cervicalis C1,2,3
Phrenic Nerve C3, C4, C5
91
Q

Level 1 LN

A

Submental, submandibular

92
Q

Level 2 LN

A

Upper jugular

93
Q

Level 3 LN

A

Midjugular

94
Q

Level 4 LN

A

Lower jugular

95
Q

Level 5 LN

A

Suboccipital

96
Q

Level 6 LN

A

Central

97
Q

Upper limb hemorrhage can be stopped by strong pressure downward and backward on the third part of

A

subclavian artery

against upper surface of first rib

98
Q

Arm abducted and externally rotated
Head extended and turned to side of lesion

Radial pulse monitored while deep breath is taken and held

Positive if there is dimunition or loss of pulse

A

Adson maneuver

99
Q

Cath of the internal jugular vein is inserted

A

halfway between the tip of the mastoid process and the angle of the jaw to the sternoclavicular joint

100
Q

Posterior approach of internal jugular vein catheterization

A

Tip of needle and catheter are introduced into the vein about two fingerbreadths above the clavicle at the posterior border of the SCM

101
Q

Anterior approach of internal jugular vein catheterization

A

Patient’s head turned to opposite side

Needle and catheter are inserted into vein at the apex of the triangle in a caudal direction

102
Q

Begins just below chin by the union of several small veins

Runs down the neck close to midline

Drains to external jugular vein

A

Anterior jugular vein

103
Q

Airway compression tracking to thorax and mediastinum

A

Retropharyngeal abscess

104
Q

80% of CLADs are

A

Neoplastic
Metastatic
From above clavicle

105
Q

Head and neck mass 7 days etiology

A

inflammation

106
Q

Head and neck mass 7 months etiology

A

Neoplastic

107
Q

Head and neck mass 7 years

A

Congenital

108
Q

80% of HN Cancers are

A

SCC

109
Q

85% of patients with HN Cancers

A

smoke

110
Q

Most common primary malignant solid tumor in children

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma

111
Q

Infants etiology of neck mass

A

Congenital

112
Q

Adolescents etiology of neck mass

A

Inflammatory

113
Q

Adults etiology of neck mass

A

Malignancy

114
Q

80% of neck mass in children are

A

benign

115
Q

80% of neck mass in adults >40 are

A

malignant

116
Q

Most common malignant neck mass in children, adolescent and young adult

A

Lymphoma

117
Q

Radical Neck Dissection removes

A

Levels I-V
Spinal accessory
Internal jugular
SCM

118
Q

Type I Modified RND preserves

A

Spinal Acessory Nerve

119
Q

Type II Modified RND preserves

A

Spinal Accessory Nerve

Internal jugular

120
Q

Type III Modified RND preserves

A

Spinal accessory nerve
Internal jugular
SCM

121
Q

Also called functional neck dissection

A

Modified RND

122
Q

Preserves lymphatics normally removed in RND or MRND

A

Neck dissection

123
Q

Superior orbital fissue transmits

A 
Superior ophthalmic vein
Abducens
Oculomotor
Trochlear
V1
124
Q

Located deep to lateral portion of the eyelid

A

Lacrimal

Anatomy (13 decks)

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