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Anatomy > Head Neck Anatomy and Clinical Correlate > Flashcards

Head Neck Anatomy and Clinical Correlate Flashcards

1
Q

Dangerous area of scalp

A

Loose areolar ct

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2
Q

Scalping occurs in this layer

A

4th layer

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3
Q

Blood vessel in 4th layer

A

Superior sagittal sinus communicating to emissary vessel

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4
Q

Largest and most constant vessel that pass through mastoid bone to lateral sinus

A

Emissary vessel

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5
Q

Loose CT communicates to this by way of emissary veins

A

Cranial dural venous sinus

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis

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6
Q

Responsible for gaping wounds

A

Galea aponeurotica

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7
Q

Tearing of bridging emissary veins

Shear stress

A

Subdural hematoma

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8
Q

Tearing of bridging veins, subdural vessel, parenchymal vessel

May be venous or arterial

A

Subdural hematoma

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9
Q

Up to 48 h
Blood and clot - hyperdense
White in CT
Hyperdense

A

Acute Subdural hematoma

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10
Q

2-14 days
Clotted blood and fluid
Hyper to isodense

A

Subacute

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11
Q

> 14 days
Liquified hematoma
Hypodense
Gray in CT

A

Chronic subdural hematoma

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12
Q

60% of subdural hematomas

A

post traumatic

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13
Q

CT scan in subdural hematoma

A

Crescentic or concave follows contour

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14
Q 
Common in elderly very young
No history of trauma
Chronic alcoholism
Coagulopathy
Anticoagulant esp Warfarin
A

Chronic subdural hematoma

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15
Q

When in Warfarin maintain

A

INR 2-3

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16
Q

Due to traumatic rupture of middle meningeal artery

A

Epidural hematoma

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17
Q

CT on Epidural hematoma

A

Convex/Lens shaped

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18
Q

Anterior branch of middle meningeal artery lies on groove on its internal aspect

A

pterion

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19
Q

Artery on pterion

A

Anterior Branch of Middle Meningeal Artery

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20
Q

MMA rupture

A

Epidural hematoma

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21
Q

Low flow

A

Emissary vessel

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22
Q

High flow

A

MMA

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23
Q

More fatal and drastic

A

Epidural hematoma

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24
Q

Loss of consciousness
Awake
Loss of consciousness
Coma and deteriotate

A

Lucid interval

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25
Q

Classic of lucid interval

A

Epidural

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26
Q

Epidural hematoma dx

A

Plain CT

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27
Q

Biconvex
Blunt trauma
Does not cross suture line
Fx of pterion

A

Epidural hematoma

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28
Q

Most important risk factor in IC hematoma

A

Skull fracture

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29
Q 
Boggy edematous swelling of soft tissues of scalp
Disappears
Crosses suture line
No pathologic significance
Crosses midline
A

Caput succadaneum

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30
Q

Subperiosteal collection of blood

Never crosses suture line

A

Cephalhematoma

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31
Q

Vacuum delivery
Forceps
Will not cross suture

A

Cephalhematoma

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32
Q 
Vacuum delivery
Forceps delivery
Extraperiosteal
Can cross suture line
Can cross midline

Lifethreatening hypovolemia
20-30%

A

Subgaleal hemorrhage

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33
Q

Diamond

Becomes bregma

A

Anterior fontanelle

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34
Q

Triangular

Becomes lambda

A

Posterior fontanelle

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35
Q

Anterior fontanelle closes by

A

18 months

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36
Q

Postrior fontanelle closes by

A

First year of life

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37
Q

Early closure of fontanelles

A

Craniosynostosis

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38
Q

Craniosynostosis syndrome

A

Crouzon’s
Apert’s
Pfeiffer’s

39
Q

May present with craniosynostosis

A

Vitamin D deficiency

Rickets

40
Q

Ossifies within 2-3 months

Closes during first few months

A

Posterior fontanelle

41
Q

Depression of fontanel

A

Dehydration

42
Q

Bulging fontanelle

A

Inc ICP

43
Q

Newborn hydrocephalus

A

Neonatal meningitis

44
Q

Not present at birth

Develops during first two years of life

A

Mastoid process

45
Q

Forceps delivery may result to injury to this nerve

A

Facial

46
Q

Weakest cranial fossa or skull base

A

Middle cranial fossa

47
Q

Cribriform plate

A

CN I

48
Q

Optic atrophy
Anosmia
Papilledema

A

Foster Kennedy Syndrome

49
Q

Frontal groove meningioma is related to

A

Foster Kennedy Syndrome

50
Q

Superior orbital fissure

A

CN III, IV, VI and V1

Superior ophthalmic vein

51
Q

Ophthalmic opening

A

CN 2

52
Q

F rotundum

A

V2 Maxillary

53
Q

F ovale

A

V3
Mandibular
Lesser petrosal nerve

54
Q

F spinosum

A

Middle meningeal artery

55
Q

Internal acoustic meatus

A

CN VII, VIII

Labyrthinthine artery

56
Q

Jugular foramen

A

CN IX, X, XI
inferior petrosal sinus
sigmoid sinus

57
Q

Hypoglossal canal

A

CN XII

58
Q

Foramen magnum

A

CN XI (enter)
Medulla of brainstem
Vertebral artery

59
Q

two vertebral arteries become

A

basilar

60
Q

Fx of middle cranial fossa

A

Bleeding into the mouth (sphenoid)
Otorrhea of CSF
CSF leakage
Auditory or facial nerve problem

61
Q

Differentiates CSF from sipon

A

B2 transferrin

Halo test

62
Q

Most specific and sensitive test for CSF otorrhea and rhinorrhea

A

Beta 2 transferrin
Tau

Bec this is not found in other fluids in the body

63
Q

Basilar skull fracture involves

A

petrous of temporal bone

64
Q

Four regions of temporal bone

A

Squamous
Tympanic
Mastoid
Petrous (interior)

65
Q

Forms part of cranial floor

Forms inferolateral aspect of skull

A

Temporal bone

66
Q

Class III Shock

A

30-40% blood loss
>120 HR
confusion
Hypotension

67
Q

Internal auditory meatus opens for

A

CN VIII

68
Q

Separates middle from posterior cranial fossa

A

Petrous portion of temporal bone

69
Q

Fx of petrous portion of temporal bone

A

CN VIII hearing problem

Separates middle from posterior cranial fossa

70
Q

Basilar skull fracture

A

Hemotympanum
Battle sign
Raccoon eye Panda eye (tarsal plate sparing)

71
Q

thinnest part of lateral wall of the skull

A

pterion

anterior branch of middle meningeal artery

72
Q

Subpial extravasation of blood and swelling of affected area

Results in focal neurologic deficit

Seen in frontal pole, orbital gyri, temporal pole

A

Brain contusion

73
Q

Brain contusion complication

A

seizure

74
Q

At site of impact in the absence of fracture

A

Coup contusion

75
Q

Diametrially opposite point of impact

A

Contrecoup contusion

76
Q

medial part of temporal lobe made contact with edge of tentorium

A

Herniation contusion

77
Q

Deepest structure of brain

Corpus callosum BG hypothalamus

A

Intermediary contusion

78
Q

Focal hemorrhage in cortex and adjacent white matter

A

Gliding contusion

79
Q

Differentials for intraparenchymal hemorrhage

A

Cerebral Amyloid angiopathy
Ruptured AVM
Tumoral bleed
Ruptured aneurysm

80
Q

Intraparenchymal hemorrhage caused by rupture of

A

Lenticulostriate artery

81
Q

What age group do amyloid angiopathy occur?

A

Elderly

82
Q

Age group of AVM

A

young

83
Q

Puff of smoke in angiogram

Blockage of ICA

A

Moya moya

84
Q

Contralateral hemiparesis/plegia

Face, Arm, Leg

A

MCA

85
Q

Sentinel sign of MCA stroke

A

C/l hemiplegia

86
Q

Transient monocular blindness

A

Amaurosis fugax

Opthalmic artery of ICA

87
Q

CSf rhinorrhea results from fracture of

A

ethmoid

88
Q

Lens/convex shaped hematoma on CT

Artery?

A

Epidural

MMA

89
Q

Crescent/concave on CT

vessel torn?

A

Subdural hematoma

Bridging veins/Emissary veins

90
Q

SAH causes

A

Aneurysm
Angioma

TRAUMA

91
Q

Intraparenchymal hemorrhage causes

A

Lenticulostriate artery

92
Q

Excessive molding

Tears anterior attachments of falx to tentorium cerebelli

A

Intracranial hemorrhage

93
Q

Bleeding in intracranial hemorrhage (infant) results from

A

Great Cerebral
Straight Sinus
Inferior Sagittal Sinus

94
Q

Modified Radical Neck dissection removal of

A

Levels I-V

Anatomy (13 decks)

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