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Anatomy > UE: Forearm, Wrist, Arm, Neuro correlates > Flashcards

UE: Forearm, Wrist, Arm, Neuro correlates Flashcards

1
Q

Structures damaged in elbow dislocation

A

Ulnar nerve
Median nerve
Brachial artery

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2
Q

Main stabilizer of superior radioulnar joint

A

Annular ligament

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3
Q

Pivot joint of radius and ulna

A

Superior radioulnar joint

Inferior radioulnar joint

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4
Q

Transmits force from radius to ulna

A

Interosseous membrane

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5
Q

Nursemaid’s elbow
Pulled elbow
Associated with annular ligament tear

A

Radial head dislocation

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6
Q

Monteggia fracture

A

Ulnar fracture
Superior dislocation

GRIMUS

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7
Q

Galleazi fracture

A

Radial fracture
Inferior dislocation

GRIMUS

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8
Q

Dorsal or posterior displacement of DISTAL fragment

Dinner fork deformity

FOOSH

A

Colles fracture

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9
Q

Volar/anterior displacement of the DISTAL fragment

A

Smith fracture

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10
Q

Interarticular fracture of distal radius

Dislocation of radiocarpal joint

A

Barton fracture

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11
Q

Two rows, four each

A

Carpal bones

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12
Q 
Proximal row (L hand) anatomic position
Lateral to medial
A

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrium
Pisiform

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13
Q 
Distal row (L hand) anatomic position
Lateral to medial
A

Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate

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14
Q

Sesamoid bone of carpals

A

Pisiform under FCU tendon

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15
Q

Forms saddle joint with first MCP

A

Trapezium

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16
Q

sesamoid bone in ear

A

lenticular process of incus

fourth ossicle

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17
Q

Thenar muscles of hand

A 
Adductor pollicis
Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Median nerve
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18
Q

Hypothenar muscles of hands

A 
Opponens digiti minimi
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi
Palmaris brevis
Ulnar nerve

OAFP

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19
Q

Interossei muscles of hand

A

PAD (3) Palmar interossei Adducts

DAB (4) Dorsal interossei Abducts

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20
Q

Lumbricals of hands

Action

A

L1 and L2 by median nerve
L3 and L4 by ulnar nerve

Flex MCP and extend IP

Origin: FDP

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21
Q

1st CMC joint is

A

saddle joint

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22
Q

Swan neck deformity

A

HyperEXT of PIP

FLEX of DIP

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23
Q

Boutonniere’s deformity

A

FLEX of PIP

Extension of DIP

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24
Q

Most commonly fractured carpal bone

A

Scaphoid

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25
Q

Avascular necrosis of scaphoid occurs in

A

proximal segment

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26
Q

Most commonly dislocated carpal bone

A

Lunate

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27
Q

Anterior dislocation of lunate leads to compression of the

A

Median nerve

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28
Q

Fracture of 5th MCP

Unskilled fighters

A

Boxer’s fracture

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29
Q

Most common type of metacarpal fracture

A

Boxer’s fracture

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30
Q

Fracture of base of the 1st metacarpal

Instability of the

A

Bennet fracture

CMC joint from forced ABDuction

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31
Q

Boundaries of anatomic snuffbox

A

Lateral MOST: APL
Medial: EPB
Medial MOST: EPL

Floor: scaphoid and trapezium

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32
Q

Content of snuff box

A

radial artery

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33
Q

Boundaries of carpal tunnel

A 
Flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament)
Carpal bones
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34
Q

Contents of carpal tunnel

A 
9+1
9 tendons:
(4) FDS
(4) FDP
FPL

MEDIAN NERVE

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35
Q

Most common entrapment neuropathy

A

CTS

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36
Q

Has its own synovial sheath

A

FPL (radial bursa)

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37
Q

Common flexor tendon sheath

A

Ulnar bursa

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38
Q

Inserts on the lateral side of base of middle phalanx

A

FDS

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39
Q

Inserts on lateral side of distal phalanx

A

FDP

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40
Q

Long extensor tendons

A

Extensor digitorum

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41
Q

Extensor tendon rupture over DIP most usually from basketball

A

Mallet finger

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42
Q

Mallet finger:

A

DIP Flexion

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43
Q

Pain in compartment 1 of APL and EPB

Special test:

A

DeQuervain’s

Finkelstein test

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44
Q

Middle of middle phalanx to distal palmar crease

A

No man’s land

Zone II

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45
Q

Muscles affected in Zone 2

A

FDS

FDP

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46
Q

Skier’s thumb

Injury to ulnar collateral ligament of thumb

A

Gamekeeper’s thumb

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47
Q

Dorsal scapular nerve supply the muscles

A

Rhomboid major
Rhomboid minor
Levator scapulae

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48
Q

Suprascapular nerve serves

A

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

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49
Q

Lateral pectoral nerve supplies

A

Pectoralis major

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50
Q

Medial pectoral nerve serves the

A

Pectoralis major

Pectoralis minor

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51
Q

Subscapularis is innervated by

A

Upper subscapular

Lower subscapular

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52
Q

Lower subscapularis supplies the

A

Teres major

Subscapularis

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53
Q

Latissimus dorsi innervation

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

Middle subscapular nerve

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54
Q

Patient unable to use axillary crutches

Severed in mastectomy

A

Thoracodorsal nerve injury

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55
Q

Flexion and abduction of shoulder

A

Pectoralis major

Deltoid

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56
Q

Adduction of shoulder

A

Pectoralis major

Lattisimus dorsi

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57
Q

Shoulder extension

A

Latissimus dorsi

58
Q

Shoulder External Rotation

A

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

59
Q

Shoulder internal rotation

A

Subscapularis

60
Q

Elbow flexion

A

Brachialis

61
Q

Elbow extension

A

Triceps brachii medial head

62
Q

Supinates forearm

A 
Biceps brachii (forceful)
Supinator (unopposed)
63
Q

Pronates forearm

A

Pronator quadratus

64
Q

Brachial plexus parts

A 
Root
Trunk
Division
Cords
Branch
65
Q

Related to axillary artery in brachial plexus

A

Cords

66
Q

Upper trunk injury
More common
From forceful pulling of head during delivery
Downward displacement of arm

A

Erb Duchenne Palsy
C5-C6

Waiter’s tip without moro or startle reflex

67
Q

Inferior dislocation of shoulder or fracture of surgical neck of humerus
Damage to quadrangular space
Loss of sensation over lower half of deltoid
Leads to deltoid and teres minor atrophy

A

Axillary nerve C5-C6 injury

68
Q

Lower trunk injury
Forced abduction of arm

Sx:

A

Klumpke paralysis
C8-T1

Sx: Claw hand and ape deformity
With or without Horner’s (T1)

69
Q

Damage to serratus anterior leads to medial winging of scapula

A

Long thoracic nerve

C5, C6, C7

70
Q

Neck surgery leading to dropped shoulder might have damaged

A

Spinal accessory nerve

Trapezius paralysis

71
Q

Musculocutaneous neuropathy

Motor:
Sensory:

A

Forearm flexion
Supination

Lateral forearm

72
Q

Surgical neck fracture of the humerus
Dislocation of humeral head
Pressure from badly adjusted axillary crutch

A

Axillary neuropathy

73
Q

Axillary neuropathy deficits

Motor:
Sensory:

A

Shoulder abduction
Shoulder external rotation

Regimental patch area

74
Q

Ill fitted crutches

A

Radial nerve

75
Q

Between tendinous arch of humeral and ulnar heads of the FCU

A

Cubital tunnel

76
Q

Converted into fibro-osseous tunnel by pisohamate ligament

A

Ulnar canal

Tunnel of Guyon

77
Q

Guyon’s canal boundaries

A

Roof: palmar carpal ligament blending into FCU attaching to pisiform and pisohamate ligament
Medial: pisiform and pisohamate ligament
Lateral: hook of hamate, some fibers of transverse carpal ligament

Ulnar nerve enters Guyon accompanied by Ulnar artey and vein

Guyon’s canal lies in space between flexor retinaculum and volar carpal ligaments

78
Q

Fracture of medial epicondyle
Cubital tunnel syndrome
Fracture of hook of hamate

A

Ulnar neuropathy

79
Q

Musculoaponeurotic canal that represents important site of ulnar nerve entrapment

A

Arcade of struthers

80
Q

Patient grips piece of paper between thumb and index finger

Flexion of IP joint of thumb
+ ulnar nerve paralysis

A

Froment sign

81
Q 
Supracondylar fracture
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Pronator teres syndrome
Anterior interosseous syndrome
Ligament of struthers
A

Median neuropathy

82
Q

Median neuropathy at the elbow deficits:

Motor:
Sensory:

A

Weak wrist flexion
Pronation
Papal benediction sign
Ape like hand

Lateral 1/2 of palm
Palmar aspect of lateral 3 and 1/2 of finger
Eye of hand

83
Q

Median neuropathy AIN syndrome

Damage to AIN is purely

A

Motor

Deep muscles of anterior compartment
FPL
FDP, lateral 1/2
Pronator quadratus

Patient unable to make ok sign

84
Q

Saturday night palsy
Honeymooner’s palsy
Crutch palsy
Humeral midshaft fracture of spiral groove
Fractures and dislocation of proximal humerus
PIN syndrome

A

Radial neuropathy

85
Q

Entrapment of superficial branch of radial nerve, numbness, tingingling and weakness of posterior aspect of thumb

A

Wartenburg syndrome

86
Q

Radial neuropathy deficits

Motor:
Sensory:

A

Loss of forearm extension
Supination
Wrist drop
Finger drop

Posterolateral arm
Posterior forearm
Lateral part of the dorsum of the hand
Dorsal surface of the lateral 3 and 1/2 fingers

87
Q

Radial neuropathy

Continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve

Purely

A

Posterior interosseous nerve

Motor

88
Q

Posterior interosseous nerve deficits

Motor:
Sensory:

A

Weak wrist and finger extension
Unopposed radial deviation
NO WRIST DROP

89
Q

Supinator syndrome at arcade of froshe

Radial tunnel syndrome at lateral intermuscular septum

A

Posterior interosseous nerve syndrome

90
Q

Thumb dermatome

A

C6

91
Q

Middle finger dermatome

A

C7

92
Q

Little and ring finger dermatome

A

C8

93
Q

Nipple dermatome

A

T4

94
Q

Epigastrium/xiphoid dermatome

A

T7

95
Q

Umbilicus dermatome

A

T10

96
Q

Groin dermatome

A

L1

97
Q

Great toe dermatome

A

L4

98
Q

Dorsum of foot dermatome

A

L5

99
Q

Little toe dermatome

A

S1

100
Q

Little toe dermatome

A

S1

101
Q

Perianal dermatome

A

S5

102
Q

All muscles of the hands are innervated by ulnar nerve except

A

FCU
FDP Median half

which are innervated by the median nerve

103
Q

Separates anterior and posterior compartment of the arm

A

Lateral and medial intermuscular septum continuous with deep fascia of arm

104
Q

Muscles of anterior compartment of arm

A

Biceps brachii
Coracobrachialis
Brachialis

105
Q

Short head of biceps brachii originates from

Long head originates from

and inserts to the

Blood supply

A

Coracoid process of scapula

Supraglenoid tubercle

Radial tuberosity

106
Q

Brachialis originates from

and inserts to the

Blood supply

A

Anterior surface of distal half of humerus

ulnar tuberosity

107
Q

Posterior compartment of arm muscles

A

Triceps brachii

Long
Medial
Lateral

108
Q

Triceps originates from

and inserts to the

Blood supply

A

Infraglenoid tubercle (long head)

Olecranon process

Adducts arm (long head)

Deep brachial
Posterior circumflex humeral (long)

109
Q

Superficial layer of the anterior forearm

A

Palmaris longus
FCU
FCR
Pronator teres

110
Q

Intermediate layer of anterior forearm

A

FDS

Flexes MCP and PIP

Splits to give way to passage of FDP

111
Q

Deep layer of anterior forearm

A

FDP (Flexes DIP)
FPL (Flexes thumb at IP)
Pronator quadratus

112
Q

Superficial layer of posterior compartment of forearm (7)

A 
Brachioradialis (supracondylar ridge -> distal radius) accessory elbow flexor
ECRL 
ECRB
Extensor Digitorum 
Extensor Digiti Minimi 
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Anconeus
113
Q

Deep muscles of the posterior forearm

A 
Supinator
APL
EPB (Ext MCP and CMC of thumb)
EPL (Ext IP of thumb and CMC of thumb)
Extensor indicis (extends index)
114
Q

Fibrous band of CT arching over carpal band

A

Flexor retinaculum

115
Q

Space between carpal tunnel and flexor retinaculum

A

Carpal tunnel

9 + 1

116
Q

Intrinsic muscles of hand (6)

A 
Thenar
Hypothenar
Palmaris brevis
Lumbricals
Interossei
Adductor pollicis
117
Q

Thenar muscles

A

Opponens pollicis (deepest)
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis

Origin: flexor retinaculum inserting to thumb

118
Q

MEAT LOAF

A

Median nerve

Lumbricals
Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis

119
Q

Hypothenar muscles

A

Opponens digiti minimi
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Origin: pisiform

innervation: deep branch of ulnar nerve

120
Q

Adducts thumb

A

Adductor pollicis

121
Q

Deep palmar branch of ulnar artery anastomoses with

A

Radial artery to form deep palmar arch

122
Q

Ulnar artery terminates by forming

A

Superficial palmar arch

123
Q

Superficial palmar arch is formed by union of

A

Ulnar artery and superficial palmar branch of radial artery

124
Q

Blood supply of thumb

A

Princeps pollicis

125
Q

Blood supply of index

A

Radialis indicis artery

126
Q

FOOSH
deep tenderness in anatomic snuffbox
Damages radial artery with subsequent avascular necrosis of the bone

A

Fracture of scaphoid

127
Q

Injures ulnar nerve and artery because they are near

A

Hamate fracture (near the hook)

128
Q

Guyon’s canal is formed by

A

Pisiform
Hook of hamate
Pisohamate ligament

Deep to palmaris brevis and palmar carpal ligament transmitting ulnar nerve and artery

129
Q

Rupture of coracoclavicular ligament

A

Dislocation of acromioclavicular joint

130
Q

Most common dislocation or subluxation direction of Shoulder joint

A

Anteroinferior

131
Q

Referred pain to shoulder indicates involvement of

A

Phrenic nerve or diaphragm

Supraclavicular nerve supplying sensory fibers over shoulder C3,C4

is closely related to phrenic C3-C5

132
Q

Lateral cutaneous branch of 2nd intercostal nerve emerging from second intercostal space and communicates with medial brachial cutaneous nerve

A

Intercostobrachial T12

133
Q

Vein vulnerable to being punctured during IV
Superficial to bicipital aponeurosis

Conmects basilic vein to cephalic vein over the cubital fossa

A

Median cubital vein

134
Q

Proximal part of nailbed produces hard keratin and responsible for nail growth

A

Matrix

135
Q

Narrow band of epidermis prolonged from proximal nail fold onto the nail

A

Eponychium

136
Q

Distal to eponychium

A

Lunula or half-moon

137
Q

Thickened epidermis deep to the distal end of nail

A

Hyponychium

138
Q

Congenital absence of a limb

A

Amelia

139
Q

Partial absence of a limb where hands are

A

Meromelia

140
Q

Structures superficial to the flexor retinaculum

A

Ulnar nerve
Ulnar artery
Palmaris longus
Palmar cutaneous branch of median nerve

Anatomy (13 decks)

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