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Anatomy > Thorax > Flashcards

Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

Jugular notch is at vertebral level of

A

T2

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2
Q

Sternal angle is at vertebral level of

A

T4/t5

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3
Q

Xiphoid process is at vertebral level of

A

T9

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4
Q

True ribs:

A

1-7

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5
Q

False ribs attach to

A

costal cartilage ABOVE

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6
Q

False ribs:

A

8-10

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7
Q

Floating ribs have

and are

A

no attachment anteriorly

11 and 12

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8
Q

Typical ribs

A

3-9

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9
Q

Head of the rib articulates with

A

Vertebral body superiorly

Corresponding vertebral body

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10
Q

Tubercle articulates with

A

Corresponding transverse process

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11
Q

Atypical ribs

A

1,2

10, 11, 12

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12
Q

Rib fractures commonly occur

A

anterior to angle of the rib

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13
Q

Tx for rib fracture

A

Intercostal nerve block

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14
Q

Most commonly fractured rib

A

5-10

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15
Q

Fracture of these ribs indicate severe injury

A

1 and 2

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16
Q

Lower rib fracture, suspect

A

Liver or splenic injury

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17
Q

Paradoxical chest movement

A

Flail chest

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18
Q

Flail chest

A

2 separate fractures in more than or equal to 3 contiguous ribs

1 costochondral junction
2 angle

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19
Q

Compression of C8, TI, inferior trunk of brachial plexus or subclavian artery by cervical rib may result in

A

TOS

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20
Q

V5 lead placement

A

AAL 5th ICS

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21
Q

V6 lead placement

A

MAL 5th ICS

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22
Q

V4 lead placement

A

MCL 5th ICS

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23
Q

Elevates ribs

Inspiration

A

External intercostals

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24
Q

Depresses the ribs

A

Internal intercostals

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25
Q

Occupies costal groove

A

Intercostal Vein, Artery, Nerve

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26
Q

Supplies thorax

A

Internal thoracic artery 1-6 (anterior intercostal)

One fingerbreadth lateral to sternal margin

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27
Q

Musculophrenic artery supplies

A

7-9 intercostal space

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28
Q

Posterior supply of thorax

A

Superior intercostal artery (1-2) from Posterior intercostal artery

Thoracic aorta:
Internal costal artery (3-11)
Subcostal artery

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29
Q

Associated with Turner’s

Upper extremity hypertension with radiofemoral delay

A

Coarctation of aorta

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30
Q

Coarctation of aorta radiographically reveals

A

Ribnotching from collaterals

3 sign because of distal constriction

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31
Q

One way valve with displacement of mediastinum to opposite side and subsequent decrease in venous return

A

Tension pneumothorax

32
Q

Management for tension pneumothorax emergency

A

Needle thoracostomy

33
Q

Needle thoracostomy anterior and lateral approach

A

2nd ICS MCL (anterior)

2nd ICS AAL (lateral)

34
Q

Definitive management for tension pneumothorax

A

Chest tube AAL or MAL above the 5th (4th or 5th) rib since diaphragm reaches this high during expiration

35
Q

Incision site for emergent thoracotomy

A

4th or 5th ICS

Lateral margin of sternum to the AAL

36
Q

Indication for CTD

A

> 1500 ml

> 200ml/h x 4 hours

37
Q

Site of thoracentesis for pleural fluid

A

9th ICS MAL
Done at end of expiration
Needle angled upwards

38
Q

Breast innervation

A

2nd to 6th intercostal nerves

39
Q

Duct development hormone

A

Estrogen

40
Q

Lobule development hormone

A

Progesterone

41
Q

Nipple level and dermatome

A

4th ICS

T4 dermatome

42
Q

Sebaceous breast glands

A

Glands of Morgagni tubercles/Montgomery

43
Q

Rare most common on axilla

A

Polymastia

44
Q

Accessory nipple

Most common congenital breast anomaly

Failure of complete regression of milk streak

Most common location: inferior to breast

A

Polythelia

45
Q

90% of amastia is associated with

A

Poland syndrome

46
Q

Unilateral congenital absence of pectoralis major (most common), pectoralis minor, ribs and breast or nipple

A

Poland syndrome

47
Q

Lack of both breast tissue and nipple

A

Amastia

48
Q

With breast tissue but lacks nipple

A

Athelia

49
Q

Without breast tissue but with nipple

A

Amazia

50
Q

Most abdundant breast tissue hence most common location of beast cancer

A

Upper outer quadrant

51
Q

Less vascular area of breast

A

Inferior quadrant

52
Q

Most common cause of amazia

A

Iatrogenic

53
Q

Dimpling of skin is attributed to

A

retraction of Cooper’s ligament

54
Q

Edema, obstruction of subcutaneous lymphatics

A

Orange peel Pea de orange

55
Q

Supplies breast medially

A

Internal thoracic artery

56
Q

Supplies breast laterally

A

Axillary artery and lateral thoracic a
Thoracoacromial branch
Highest thoracic artery

57
Q

Paget’s disease histology

A

Rete pegs of breast

Epithelial extension

58
Q

Regional breast nodes

75% of the breast drains to the

A

Axillary nodes

others Internal mammary node

59
Q

Nodes beneath pecs minor Level II

A

Interpectoral rotter node

60
Q

Mammography is done annualy for screening at age

A

40

61
Q

Annual mammography and PE

A

40 years and older

62
Q

No removal of NAC, Levels I, II and III and pectoralis major and minor

Removal of only the breast tissue containing lesion with small rim of external tissue

A

Lumpectomy

63
Q

No removal of NAC, breast tissue and pectoralis major and minor

Only removed are levels I and II

A

Axillary node dissection for staging

64
Q

No removal of NAC, Levels I, II and III and pectoralis major and minor

Only removed is breast tissue

A

Subcutaneous with nipple sparing mastectomy

65
Q

No removal of Levels I, II and III and pectoralis major and minor

Only removed are NAC and breast tissue

A

Total/Simple Mastectomy

66
Q

Removal of NAC, breast tissue, Levels I and II

Sparing of level III and pectoralis major and minor

A

Modified radical mastectomy

67
Q

Removal of NAC, breast tissue and Levels I, II and III and pectoralis major and minor

A

Radical Mastectomy

Halstead Mastectomy

68
Q

Boundaries of chest

A 
Superior: clavicle
Inferior: diaphragm
Lateral: rib cage
Anterior: sternum
Posterior: vertebral body and ribs
69
Q

Most common sign of blunt chest injury also in fracture of scapula, first rib, sternum suggesting massive force of injury

A

Rib fracture

70
Q

50% of flail chest injuries are accompanied by

A

pulmonary contusion

71
Q

Major cause of respiratory compromise

A

Pulmonary contusion

Tx: PEEP

72
Q

Costochondritis

A

Teitz syndrome

73
Q

Vit D deficiency in children
Rachitic rosary
Harrison groove

A

Rickets

74
Q

External intercostal action:

A

Elevates ribs
Expands thoracic cavity
Inspiration
Creates partial vacuum causing inflow of air extending downward and anterior from rib to rib
Pulls ribcage upward and outward during inspiration

75
Q

Internal intercostals action:

A 
Depress and retracts ribs
Compresses thoracic cavity
Expels air
Extends upward and inferiorly
Pulls ribcage downward during forced expiration
76
Q

Sine qua non breast cancer

A

Spiculated density with ill defined margin

Anatomy (13 decks)

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