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Cell And Histology Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

Smallest unit of protoplasm capable of independent existence

Basic structural and functional unit of all organism

A

Cell

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2
Q 
Nucleoid with no nuclear membrane
Circular DNA and RNA
Continuous replication
No membrane bound organelle
70s ribosome (50s and 30s)
No sterol in their membrane (except mycoplasma)
A

Prokaryote

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3
Q 
True nucleus and nuclear membrane
Linear DNA and RNA
G and S phase
Mitochondria and other membrane bound organelle
80s ribosome (60s and 40s)
Sterol in their membrane
A

Eukaryote

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4
Q

Targets 30s RU

A

Aminoglycoside

Tetracycline

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5
Q

Targets 50s subunit

A 
Chloramphenicol
Erythromycin (Macrolide)
Lincosamide (Clindamycin)
Linezolid
Streptogramins
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6
Q

Plasmalemma or plasma membrane

Trilaminar structure / unit membrane

A

Cell membrane

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7
Q

Responsible for cellular form and permeability property

A

Phospholipid

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8
Q

Act as recetor, ion pumps and enzymes

A

Proteins

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9
Q

Cell membrane does not allow all susbtances because it is

A

semi permeable

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10
Q

Structure of cell membrane lipid

A

Lipid bilayer

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11
Q

Integrated into entire cell membrane
Traverses cell membrane
Aka

A

Integral protein

Intrinsic protein

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12
Q

Only found in periphery

Aka

A

Peripheral protein

Extrinsic protein

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13
Q

Membrane proteins are globular and float like iceberg in a sea of lipid

A

Fluid Mosaic Model of Singer and Nicholson

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14
Q

Extrinsic protein defective in hereditary spherocytosis

A

Spectrin

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15
Q

Both extrinsic proteins deficient in hereditary spherocytosis

A

Spectrin

Ankyrin

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16
Q

Glycoprotein and polysaccharide covering on external surface of cell membrane

Imparts special identity to each cell type therefore plays important role in HC

A

Glycocalyx

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17
Q

Glycocalyx responsible for identity plays an important role in

A

histocompatibility

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18
Q

Glycocalyx also functions for

A

cell recognition

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19
Q

Largest organelle of cell

Contains genetic material of organism

A

Nucleus

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20
Q

Components of nucleus

A 
Chromatin
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Nuclear envelope
Nucleoplasm
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21
Q

Site of DNA replication and transcription

Contains all enzymes required for replication and repair of newly synthesized DNA

Transcription and processing of precursor RNA molecules

A

Nucleus

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22
Q

Consists mainly of RNA and protein

Site of ribosomal RNA synthesis

A

Nucleolus

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23
Q

Complex DNA and proteins (histone)

Heterochromatin vs Euchromatin

A

Chromatin

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24
Q

Inactive
condensed/dark
Barr bodies

A

Heterochromatin

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25
Active chromatin, dispersed light
Euchromatin
26
Extensive system of membrane bounded canaliculi Consists of series of flattened sacs called cisternae arranged in parallel array
Endoplasmic reticulum
27
Outer surface with ribosomes Synthesis of proteins
Rough ER
28
No ribosomes on membrane Functions for synthesis of fatty acids, other lipids Detoxification and metabolism of lipid-soluble exogenous drugs and alcohol
Smooth ER
29
Responsible for further processing concentration and packaging of proteins
Golgi apparatus
30
System stacked saucer shaped cisternae
Golgi apparatus
31
Golgi apparatus is important in
glycosylation sulfating phosphorylation limited proteolysis of proteins Initiated packing, concentration and storage of secretory products
32
Provides energy for biosynthetic and motor activities of cell Number depends on size and energy need of cell
Mitochondria
33
Principal biochemical activity of mitochondria Production of ATP coupled to ETC or respi chain
oxidative phosphorylation
34
Disease associated with mitochondrial genome defect
MELAS Mitochondrial encephalopathy Lactic acidosis and Stroke like Episode
35
Category A: Clinical findings of stroke like episodes
``` Headache and vomiting Seizure Hemiplegia Cortical blindness and hemianopsia Acute focal lesion observed via brain imaging ```
36
Category B: Evidence of Mitochondrial dysfunction
High lactate levels in plasma and CSF or deficiency of mitochondrial related enzyme activities Mitochondrial abnormalities in muscle biopsy Definitive gene mutation related to MELAS
37
Definitive MELAS
Two items of Category A and two items of Category B (4 items or more)
38
Suspicion of MELAS
One item of Category A and two items of Category B (at least three items)
39
Round electron dense bodies Digestive organelles of cell May be primary secondary
Lysosome
40
Fusion of primary lysosome with golgi
Secondary lysosome | Phagolysosome
41
Membrane bound vesicle contains hydrolytic enzyme
Lysosome
42
Membrane bound vesicle involved in beta oxydation of very long chain fatty acids
Peroxisome
43
Disorder of beta oxidation of long chain fatty acid by peroxisome
Zellweger Syndrome
44
Glycogen storage disease involving defect in lysosomal metabolism
``` Pompe disease (GS Type II) Acid Maltase deficiency Muscle weakness, CV and Respiratory involvement ```
45
Impaired breakdown of glycogen to glucose in lysosome leading to glycogen accumulation in cardiac and skeletal muscle
Pompe disease
46
Key organ involved in Pompe
Muscle groups: cardiac (infantile) HF proximal skeletal ms (trunk and lower limbs) respiratory muscles
47
Structural elements of cytoskeleton
Microfilaments Microtubules Intermediate filaments
48
Largest diameter (25 nm)
Microtubules
49
Intermediate sized diameter (10 nm) Tumor markers Link between the extracellular matrix, cytoplasm and nucleus
Intermediate filament
50
Smallest diameter (7 nm)
Actin filament
51
Composed of fine strands of protein actin | Diffusely scattered or arranged in bundles
Microfilament
52
Mechanical support for cell With myosin, muscle contraction Exocytosis, endocytosis, cytokinesis and structural protein Microvilli
Microfilament actin (thin) myosin (thick)
53
Intermediate filament clinical use
Tumor marker
54
``` Epithelial cell (SCC, Adenocarcinoma) intermediate filament ``` esp Lung Ca
Cytokeratin
55
Endothelial cell Vascular smooth muscle Fibroblast, chondroblast intermediate filament
Vimentin
56
Skeletal and smooth muscle intermediate filament
Desmin
57
Neuron intermediate filament
Neurofilament
58
Glial cell (astrocyte, oligodendroglia, microglia, Schwann cell, ependymal cell, pituicytes)
GFAP | Glial Fibrillar Acidic Protein
59
Inner membrane of nuclear envelope | intermediate filament
Laminins A, B, C
60
Changes in intermediate filaments are evident in neurons in
Alzheimer’s disease (neurofibrillary tangle) and chronic liver disease (Mallory body)
61
Dynamic structure of cytoskeleton Arises from centrosome Functions: attached to cellular organelles providing means for its movement within the cell maintenance of cell shape beating of cilia and flagella
Microtubule
62
Function of microfilament is inhibited by
Amanita mushroom toxin
63
Microtubule Association Protein ATPase activity for movement of vesicles (toward axon terminal) Anterograde transport
Kinesin
64
Microtubule Association Protein ATPase activity toward minus end (cell body) Retrograde transport
Dynein
65
Microtubule Association Protein ATPase activitt for elongation of nerve axons
Dynamin
66
Anti-inflammatory drug acting on microtubule of cells
Colchicine
67
Drug of Choice for Acute Gouty Arthritis Also Mediterranean fever
Colchicine
68
Anti cancer drug acting on microtubules of cancer cells
Vinblastine (bone marrow) Vincristine vinca alkaloid taxanes
69
Drug acting on microtubules of fungal cells as its MOA
griseofulvin malignant potential
70
Malignancy associated with Griseofulvin
Liver and thyroid Also Abnormal germ cell maturation Teratogenicity
71
Syndrome associated with dynein defect
Kartagener syndrome
72
Bronchiectasis Situs inversus/Dextrocardia Sinusitis
Kartagener’s syndrome

Anatomy (13 decks)

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