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anat 316 > Abdominal Viscera 1 > Flashcards

Abdominal Viscera 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what does peritoneum mean?

A

peri = around
teino = to stretch
peritoneum means to stretch around viseral organs

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2
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A

serous membrane that lines/encapsulates the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities while covering many organs. It forms a sac that encloses peritoneal cavity

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3
Q

what is the most external layer of the peritoneum?

A

parietal layer

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4
Q

What is the most internal layer of the peritoneum?

A

visceral layer

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5
Q

What does the visceral layer surround?

A

intraperitoneal organ

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6
Q

what is the peritoneal cavity?

A

empty space between the parietal and the visceral layer of the peritoneum

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7
Q

what is the mesentary

A

double folding that connects the parietal and visceral peritoneum that leads into intaperitoneal organs

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8
Q

parietal peritoneum

A

wrap around/lines ab contents and ab wall, inferior diaphragm, pelvic walls, and roof over pelvic viscera (bladder, uterus, scrotum, etc). It lines outer wall of abdominal

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9
Q

parietal

A

wall

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10
Q

visceral

A

organ

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11
Q

visceral peritoneum

A

covers internal organs that are hanging in ab cavity - ie liver, stomach, GI tract `

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12
Q

Greater sac

A

Bottom of diaphragm to superior pelvis `

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13
Q

Lesser sac

A

behind the stomac, upward border is diaphrgam, doownward layer is going to be in btw layers of greater omentum
left border is spleen
right border of epiploic foramen of winslow

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14
Q

what separates the greater sac and the lesser sav?

A

greater omentum from greater curvature of the stomach

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15
Q

epiploic foramen of winslow

A

only natural communication btw greater sac and lesser sac

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16
Q

borders of epiploic foramen of winslow

A

anteriror - lesser omentum
Posterior - IVC
Superior - caudate lobe of the liver
Inferior - first part of duodenum

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17
Q

main difference between parietal abd visceral peritoneum

A

pariteal lines the ab cavity, visceral covers organs

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18
Q

intraperitoneal

A

things that are completely covered in peritoneum (ie liver, stomach, spleen, jejenum, ilieum). These organs are hung in ab cavitiy by mesentary

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19
Q

Retroperitoneal

A

organs with their anterior surface covered by peritoneum. along the ab wall. include
S uprarenal/adrenal glands
A bdominal Aorta and IVC
D uodenum (pts 2-4)
P ancreas
U reters
C olon (ascending and descending)
K idneys
E sophagus
R ectum (proximal 1/3)

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20
Q

are the intestines retroperitoneal?

A

NO! the intestines are intraperitoneal - they are completely covered in peritoneum

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21
Q

IS the kidney retroperiteneal?

A

Yes! The kidney is partially covered in paritoneum (its anterior surface)

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22
Q

what are the 4 double petioneal folds?

A

mesentery, lesser omentum, greater omentu,, ligaments

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23
Q

lesser omentum

A

double folding of peritoneal, hung between the liver and the lesser furve of the stomach

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24
Q

mesentary

A

abdominal organ made of both layers (pariteal and visceral) of the peritoneum. Function if is to attach inrteperitoneal organs to the ab wall and provide neorovvascular communication between these organs and the ab wall

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25
Q

What is the mesentary?

A

peritoneal folds that contains viscera and anchor them to posterior abdominal wall

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26
Q

Mesentary of small intestine

A

mesentery of small intestine
aattachea jejunum and ilium to posterior abdominal wall
Superiorly: attached btw duodenum and jejejunum, terminates at ileocecal junction
contains blood vessels, nerves, and lympatics to the jejejum and the ilium

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27
Q

transverse mesocolon

A

anchors transverse colon to posterior abdoominal wall, contains blood vessels, nerve, lympatics that supply the transverse colon

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28
Q

sigmoid mesocolon

A

attached sigmoid colon to the posterirorl ab wall
has a v shaped fold pointing towards division of left common iliac artery
contains sigmoid and rectal vessels

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29
Q

mesoaapendix

A

attached to inferior end of mesotery proper and extends to the tip of the appendics. Contains vessels that supply the appendix

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30
Q

greater omentum

A

double fold of peritoneum that hangs off greater curvature of stomach and folds back onto itself to attach to transverse coln

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31
Q

lesser omentum

A

extends from the lesser curvature of stomach and and the proximal dueodedenum to attach on the liver

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32
Q

how is parietal peritoneum innervated?

A

segmental nerves (overlying skin and muscles)
phrenic nerves
pain is well localized

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33
Q

visceral peritoneum

A

visceral afferent, pain is poorly localized

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34
Q

fore gut

A

extends from abdominal esophagus to the proximal 1/2 of the duodenum - aids with disgestion

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35
Q

foregut contains

A

Esophagus
Stomach
Liver
Gallbladder
Bile ducts
Pancreas
Proximal duodenum
Eat some luscious Grapes before picking dates

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36
Q

midgut

A

distal 1/2 of duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon. In charge of absorption

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37
Q

Midgut contains

A

distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, proximal 2/3 transverse colon
(Apple Trees Just Create Delicious Irresistible Apples)
OR 0 in order: D J Izzy Carlos Ate Alot Tomatoes)

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38
Q

Hindgut

A

distal 1/3 of transverse colon to proximal anal canal in charge of remoaval

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39
Q

hindgut organs

A

distal 1/3 of Transverse colon, Descending colon, Sigmoid colon, upper anal canal
T D S Avings

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40
Q

what s artery supplies foregut?

A

celiac trunk

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41
Q

What artery supplies midgut?

A

SMA

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42
Q

What artery supplies hindgut?

A

IMA

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43
Q

what are the arteries that come off the celiac trunk?

A

Common hepatic artery, Left gastric, Splenic artery
C eliac tunk C So Lit!

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44
Q

what does the common hepatic artery come from?

A

celiac trunk

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45
Q

what two branches come off the common hepatic?

A

right gastric and gastroduodenal arteies

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46
Q

what does common hepatic artery turn into?

A

propre hepatic artery

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47
Q

left gastric artery

A

comes off celiac trunk, supplies lesser curvature of stomach

48
Q

splenich artery

A

comes off celiac trunk, goes over stomach, has left gatro-omental artetery break off and go to greater curvature of stomach, has pancreaitc branch break off which goes around the greater curvature and feed to pancreas on the other side of stomach, the main artery ends by inserting itself in the spleen

49
Q

right gastric artery

A

comes from common hepatic artery, crosses over celiac trunk to feed lesser curvature of stomach with left gastric artery

50
Q

gastrodeneal artery

A

2nd branch off the common hepatic artery, has 3 branchess: duodenal branches, anterior/posterior superior pancreaticodudenal artery, right gastro-omental artery

51
Q

left gastro-omental artery

A

breaks off of splenic artery before panncreastic branch does, wraps around greater curvature of the stomach

52
Q

pancreatic branches

A

come off splenich artery after left gastro-omental does but before spleen. Wraps around the stomach to supply the prances

53
Q

what gives blood o the midgut?

A

SMA

54
Q

Where does he inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery come from?

A

this artery that will supply pancreas and duodenum comes from the S<A

55
Q

what comes off the SMA inferiorly?

A

jejunal arteries and ileal arteries

56
Q

what comes off the SMA superiorly 2nd?

A

middle colic artery

57
Q

what does the middle colic artery supply?

A

the superior transverse colon

58
Q

what does the right colic artery supply?

A

ascending colon

59
Q

What comes off the SMA superiorly 3rdd

A

right colic artery

60
Q

What is the last superior branch to come off the SMA?

A

The ileocolic artery

61
Q

What does the ileocolic artery supply?

A

distal ileum, ileocecal valve, cecum, vermiform appendix, and the proximal ascending colon

62
Q

what branches of the IMA supply the hindgut?

A

Left colic, sigmoidal arteries, superior rectal artery

63
Q

abdominal esphagus belong to which gut?

A

foregut

64
Q

What is the job of the abdominal esophagus?

A

starting mechanical digestion of food and transfering food bolus to stomach

65
Q

When does the esophagus become the abdominal esophagus?

A

once it passes through the diaphragm esophageal hiatus (T10)

66
Q

What is the blood supply of the abdominal esophagus?

A

esophageal branch of left gastric artery

67
Q

what is the top of the stomach called?

A

fundus

68
Q

What allows food to enter stomach?

A

esophagus

69
Q

What is the opening to the stomach called?

A

cardia

70
Q

What is the last part of the stomach called?

A

pyloric atrium

71
Q

what is the canal that connects the stomach to the duodenum?

A

The pyloric canal (has the pyloric sphincter)

72
Q

What is rugae?

A

folds in stomach that allows for contraction + expansion, increase surface area of the stomach, and has goblet cells that release mucus. `

73
Q

what supplies the greater curvature of the stomach?

A

right and left gastro-omental arteries

74
Q

What supplies the lesser curvature of the stomach?

A

right and left gastric arteries

75
Q

What supplies the fundus?

A

short gastric arteries

76
Q

What artery crosses the stomach posteriorly

A

the splenic artery

77
Q

what artery does the proper hepatic artery come off?

A

the common hepatic artery

78
Q

Which artery does the gastro-omental artery come off of?

A

splenic artery

79
Q

what supplies the short gastric arteries?

A

the splenic artery

80
Q

What supplies the splenic artery

A

celiac trunk

81
Q

what does the small intestine do?

A

break down proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and absorption

82
Q

what are the three parts of the small intestine?

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

83
Q

What is the last part of the small intestine?

A

ileum

84
Q

what is the shape of the duodenum?

A

20-25 cm

85
Q

What shape is the duodenum?

A

C shaped

86
Q

The first part of the duodenum is covered in peritoneum in what way?

A

First part of the small intestine is intraperiteneal (completely covered)

87
Q

2nd to 4th part of the duodenum is covered in peritoneum in what way

A

2nd to 4th part of duodenum is retroperitoneal (only covered in peritoneum anteriorly)

88
Q

what is part 1 of the duodenum called?

A

superior

89
Q

what is part 2 of the duodenum called?

A

descending part

90
Q

what is part 3 of the duodenum called?

A

inferior/horizontal part

91
Q

What is part 4 of the duodenum called?

A

ascending part

92
Q

the superior dueodenum is (with regards to peritoneum)

A

intraperitoneal

93
Q

what do the papulla in the descending portion of the peritoneum do?

A

secrete bile and gastric juices from the gull bladder and pancreas

94
Q

what is the ampulla of vater?

A

where papilla drain into

95
Q

what does the horizontal part of the duodenum cross over?

A

the IVC and abodominal aorta (and the SMA)

96
Q

what does the suspensory ligament of duodenum do?

A

it helps keep the ascending duodeunum to posterior ab wall

97
Q

what supplies the superior and descending duodenum?

A

these are in the proximal gut- supplies by anterior and posterior SUPERIOR pancreaticodudenal arteries

98
Q

what supplies the horizontal and ascending duodenum?

A

these are in the midgut - they are supplied by anterior and posterior INFERIOR pancreacticoduodenal arteries

99
Q

what artery does the posterior/anterior superior prancreaticduodenal artery come from?

A

gastrodeuodenal artery

100
Q

what artery does the posterior/anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery come from?

A

superior mesenteric artery

101
Q

where is the ileum?

A

right lower quadrant, ends at ileocecal junction (going into cecum)

102
Q

where is the jejunum?

A

left upper quadrant, begins at duodenojejunal flexure

103
Q

what do plicae circularis do?

A

these are found throughout entire GI tract and increase SA

104
Q

What do plicae circularis do?

A

increase absorption and digestion

105
Q

where is peyers patch found?

A

in the iluem, it is part of lympatic system

106
Q

what is the mesentery proper

A

double folding of the peritoneum

107
Q

the SMA feeds the jejujnal arteries and then

A

blood goes to the arterial arcades to the vasarecta

108
Q

the SMA feeds the ilear arteries and then…

A

blood goes to the arterial arcades to the vasa recta

109
Q

with regards to size, the jejunum has ___ arcades

A

biggerr

110
Q

with regards to size, the ileum has ___ arcades

A

smaller

111
Q

with regards vasa recta, the jejunum has

A

less vasa recta and they are longer in size

112
Q

with regards to vasa recta, the ileum has

A

more vasa recta and they are smaller in size

113
Q

what artery comes off the SMA first?

A

the inferior pancreaticoduodenal

114
Q

what does the common hepatic artery branch into?

A

propre hepatic and gastroduodenal and right gastric

115
Q

what does the proper hepatic supply?

A

the liver

116
Q

What 3 arteries does the gastroduodenal supply?

A

anterior/posteriro superior pancreaticodudenal artery, and right gastro-omentak

anat 316 (22 decks)

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