neuroanatomy - ventricles, meninges, and blood flow Flashcards
(104 cards)
1
Q
what are the layers of the scalp?
A
Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis
Loose connective tissue
Periosteum
2
Q
What layers are in the “scalp propre”
A
Skin, connective tissue, aponeurosis
3
Q
what is function of aponeurosis on the skull
A
to prevent stretching of the scalp
4
Q
what muscles does the skull aponeurosis contain?
A
frontalis and occipitalis
5
Q
what is the function of the frontalis?
A
raising eyebrows
6
Q
what is function of occipitalis?
A
retracting scalp
7
Q
what is the combo of the frontalis and the occipitalis called?
A
occipitofrontalis
8
Q
what layers are in the deep scalp?
A
Loose connective tissue amd periosteum
9
Q
what is the function of the periosteum of the skull?
A
to be a metabolically supportive layers on the bones
10
Q
what does the loose connective tissue contain?
A
emissary veins that provide pathway to cranial vault - dangerous because can lead to infections
11
Q
what are meninges?
A
3 layers of tissue that protect and support the CNS
12
Q
what are the layers of the meninges?
A
Dura Mater, Arachnoid Mater, Pia Mater (superficial –> deep)
13
Q
where is the dura mater later
A
The dura mater layer is the most superficial layer of the meninges, it is thick and deep to the calvarium (skull cap)
14
Q
what is the function of the dura mater?
A
The dura mater functions to enclose the dural venous sinuses
15
Q
what is the function of the dural venous sinuses?
A
drain cranial vault
16
Q
what folds does the dura mater form?
A
falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, and the falx cerebelli
17
Q
what does the falx cerebri do?
A
splits left cerebral hemisphere from right cerebral hemisphere
18
Q
what does the tentorium cerebelli do?
A
seperates cerebrum from the cerebellum?
19
Q
what are the layers of the Dura Mater
A
periosteal layer (superficial to) maningeal layer
20
Q
what does the falx cerebri attach to anteriorly?
A
the crista galli of the ethmoid bone
21
Q
what is the function of the Dura Mater
A
form dural venous sinuses
22
Q
what potential spaces does the Dura Mater give?
A
the epidural space (superficial to) subdural space
23
Q
what does the perosteal layer of the dura mater go around?
A
edge of the skull
24
Q
what doee the meningeal layer of the dura mater go around?
A
the spinal cord
25
where does the arachnoid mater sit?
deep to the dura mater and on the dura mater
26
what is the function of the arachnoid mater?
protect and anchor brain (also is involved in CSF metabolism)
27
where is the subarachnoid space?
btw the arachnoid and the pia
28
what is the function of the subarachnoid space?
to contain cerebral spinal fluid
29
what does CSF do?
help metabolically and physically support the brain
30
how does CSF metabolically support brain?
acting as an exchange medium
31
how does CSF physically support brain?
providing buoyancy and cushioning
32
what is the function of arachnoid granualation?
to drain CSF through the dura
33
what is function of the arachnoid tuberculae?
To support the arachnoid mater
34
where is the pia?
layer deep to the arachnoid tuberculae
35
what is the function of the pia
to closely cover cortical sulci and gyri providing protection and support
36
what space exists between the pia and the cortex
the subpial space - potential space
37
which spinal meninges cover the spinal nerve roots?
dura and arachnoid meninges
38
where to denticulate ligaments come from?
the pia meninge
39
how do denticulate ligaments lead to cord stability
they connect the pia to the dura
40
which spinal meninges cover the spinal nerve roots?
the dura and arachnoid meninges
41
what layers is the epidural space between?
the epidural space is above the dura mater - it is between the dura mater and the lining of the vertebral canal
42
what does the epidural space contain?
fat and venous plexuses
43
what layers is the subarachnoid space between?
the arachnoid mater and the pia mater
44
what does the subarachnoid space contain?
Cerebral spinal fluid
45
What layers is the subdural space between?
the dura mater and the arachnoid mater
46
what layers is the subpial space between?
it is beneath the pia mater
47
what do the subdural and subpial spaces have in common hat the subarachnoid and epidural spaces do not?
the subdural and subpial spaces are both potential spaces
48
what is the overall function of a ventricle?
ventricles are cavities within the brain responsible for deep cerebral spinal fluid flow
49
how many lateral ventricles do we have?
2
50
which portion of the brain are the lateral ventricles associated with?
telencephalon (front part of cerebrum)
51
what is the function of the atrium in the lateral ventricles?
to connect anterior horn with the atrium
52
what portion of the brain is the third ventricle associated with?
the diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus)
53
what is the interthalamic adhesion in the third ventricle?
band of tissue passing through a middle hole in the 3rd ventricle
54
what is the function of the cerebral aqueduct?
the cerebral aqueduct connects teh 3rd and 4th ventricle passing through midbrain and pons
55
what is the function of the fourth ventricle?
the foruth ventricle communicates with the subarachnoid space
56
what part of the brain is the fourth vetnricel associated with?
the myenlecephalon - more specifically the brain
57
foramina of Luschka is also known as
lateral apertures
58
foramina of megendie is also known as
median aperture
59
where does the central canal of the fourth ventricle go to?
the spinal cord
60
what does the fourth ventricle provide for the spinal cord?
metabolic support
61
what is CSF produced by
choroid plexus
62
what is the choroid plexus
collection of ependymal cells found on the walls of all 4 ventricles that produces CSF that flows into the ventricles
63
from the lateral ventricle, where does CSF flow into next?
interventricular foramen
64
from the inter-ventricular foramen where does CSF flow into next?
third ventricle
65
from the third ventricle where does CSF flow into next?
cerebral aqueduct
66
from the cerebral aqueduct where does CSF flow into next?
the fourth ventricle
67
where can the CSF flow to from the fourth ventricle
the subarachnoid space (foramina of Luschka or the Foramen of Magendie) OR the central canal
68
Where in the subarachnoid space would the CSF flow into?
cisterns in the subarachnoid space (small cavities in the subarachnoid space) THEN it would flow along outer cortices (layers) of the cerebrum and cerebellum
69
How does CSF leave the subarachnoid space?
through arachnoid granulations
70
Once CSF leaves the subarachnoid space - where does it end up next
ocne CSF goes through arachnoid granulations it will drain into dural venous sinuses
71
what do arachnoid granulations pierce through
dural venous sinuses
72
what drains through arachnoid granulations?
CSF
73
what is the overall flow of cerebral CSF?
choroid plexus, lateral ventricle, interventricular foramen, third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, fourth ventricle, median/lateral apertures, subsarachnoid cisterns, bathing superficial brain, arachnoid granulations, dural venous sinuses
74
what is the overall flow of spinal CSF?
choroid plexus, lateral ventricle, interventricular formane, third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, foruth ventricle, central canal
75
what are the 3 major branches off the Aorta?
brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery
76
what does the brachiocephalic trunk supply?
The right side
77
what does the left common carotid artery supply?
The brain
78
what does the left subclavian arteyr supply?
the left side
79
what does the brachiocephalic trunk bufurctae into?
right common carotid artery and the right subcalvian artery
80
what are the 4 major arteries that supply the brain?
the common carotid (which then becomes internal carotid) and the subcalvian (which then becomes vertebral artery)
81
what does the vertebral artery run through?
the vertebral foramina of cervicle vertebrae to the brain
82
what artery goes through the carotid canal of the occipital bone?
The internal carotid artery
83
what artery goes through the anterior portion of the foramen magnum
the vertebral artery
84
where does the basilar artery come from?
the left and right vertebral arteries
85
where does the basilar artery sit?
the basilar grove of the pons
86
what is the relation between the basilar artery and the pons?
the basilar artery gives off pontine arteries to supply the pons
87
What do the posterior cerebral arteries supply?
The posterior cerebral cortex according to their respective sides
87
what does the basilar artery bifurcate into?
The left and right posterior cerebral arteries
88
what is the circle of willis
anastomosis/connection of arteries providing major cerebral blood supply
89
anterirorly, what does the circle of willis contain
the anterior cerebral arteries connecting by the anterior communicating artery
90
posteriorly what des the circle of willis contain?
the basilar artery leading to the posterior cerebral arteries leading to the EITEHR their respective respective side of the cerebral cortex OR to the posterior communicating arteries
91
what does the internal carotid artery lead to?
either the anterior cerebral artery or the mdidle cerebral artery or the posterior communciiating artery
92
in the circle of willis, what is the internal carotid artery connetced to?
the middle cerebral artery, the anterior cerebral artery, and the posterior communicating artery
93
what do communication arteries provide?
connections btw arteries
94
what do the L and R vertebral arteries combine to make?
basilar artery
95
What is the purpose of the circle of willis?
the purpsoe of the cricle of willis is to maintain cerebral blood flow throughout the brain
96
what is the purpose of dural sinuses/
drain the inner structures of the cranial vault to the heart
97
where is the superiror mid-sagittal sinus?
int the falx cerebri
98
what is the drainage of the sinuses starting at superior saggital sinus
the superior saggital sinus drains into the confluence of sinuses which drains into the transverse sinuses which drains into the tentorium cerebelli where the transverse sinus becomes the sigmoid sinus as it exits. The sigmoid sinus then drains into the internal jugular vein
99
where does the transvese sinuses drain into
the transverse sinuses drain into the tentorium cerebelli where it becomes the sigmoid sinus
100
where does the sigmoid sinus drain into?
the internal jugular vein
101
what is the jugular bulb?
superior enlargement of the internal jugular vein
102
what is the function of the cavernous sinus?
drain the eye, part of the cerebral cortex, and pituitary gland
103
what pierces the cavernous sinus?
the internal carotid artery - this artery then exists the dura and contributes to the circle of willis
