perineum

Question 1

where is the perineum?

Answer 1

inferior to the pelvic floor, btw lower limbs.
Includes soft tissue inferior to pelvic floor, ending at the skin

Question 2

What are the two hiatuses on the pelvic floor?

Answer 2

urogenital hiatus and rectal hiatus

Question 3

which hiatus on the pelvic floor is more towards the front of the body?

Answer 3

urogenital hiatus

Question 4

Which hiatus on the pelvic floor is more towards the back of the body

Answer 4

the rectal hiatus

Question 5

which muscle makes up the urogenital hiatus?

Answer 5

levator ani

Question 6

Which muscle makes up the rectal hiatus?

Answer 6

lecvator ani

Question 7

which posterior muscle of the pelvic floor is more lateral?

Answer 7

piriformis

Question 8

Which posterior muscle of the pelvic floor is more medial

Answer 8

coccygeus

Question 9

what is the anterior norder of the perineum?

Answer 9

pubic symphysis

Question 10

What is the posterior border of the perineum?

Answer 10

coccyx/sacrum

Question 11

What connects the pubic symphysis to the ischial tuberosity?

Answer 11

ishiopubic ramus

Question 12

What is the lateral border o the perineum?

Answer 12

ischial tuberosity

Question 13

What are the two triangles of the perineum?

Answer 13

urogenital triangle and anal triangle

Question 14

Which triangle of the periteum is more anterior?

Answer 14

urogenital

Question 15

what is the urogenital triangle bounded by?

Answer 15

anteriorly - pubic symphysis
laterally - ischial tuberosities

Question 16

what is the anal triangle bounded by?

Answer 16

ischialn tuberosities and the coccyx

Question 17

what does the scrotum have?

Answer 17

testes, epidemus, external spermadic cord

Question 18

what is the bulb of the penis?

Answer 18

single erectile cylander, most proximal part of the penis

Question 19

what is the crus of the penis?

Answer 19

have 2
“legs of the penis”
surrounds the bulb

Question 20

What is the corpus spongiosum of the penis?

Answer 20

expansion o the bulb of the penis into the body of the penis. surrounding by the corpus cavernosum

Question 21

what is the corpus cavernosum?

Answer 21

an expansion of the crus

Question 22

what is the gland of the penis?

Answer 22

expansion of the corpus callosum. Secretions are expiled here

Question 23

What makes up the body of the penis?

Answer 23

glans, corpus cavernosum, corpus spongiosum

Question 24

What makes up the root of the penis?

Answer 24

crus and the bulb

Question 25

where is the deep penile artery?

Answer 25

within the corpus cavernosum

Question 26

where is the urethra?

Answer 26

within corpus spongisum

Question 27

the bladder is ___ to the prostate (positionally)

Answer 27

superior

Question 28

Where is the prostatic urethra?

Answer 28

within prostate

Question 29

What is the urethra called when it exits the prostate and before it enters the penis?

Answer 29

membranous urethra

Question 30

what structure houses the urethra?

Answer 30

corpus spongiosum

Question 31

what is the urethra called once it enters the penis?

Answer 31

spongy urethra

Question 32

where does urethra terminate?

Answer 32

external urethral orifice

Question 33

what is the mons pubis?

Answer 33

fatty tissue that covers most of the external female genitalia`

Question 34

what protects the external female genitalia

Answer 34

mons pubis

Question 35

what is the prepuse of the clitoris?

Answer 35

tissue that protects the clitoris from the outside world, superficial to the clitoris

Question 36

what is the labia majora?

Answer 36

outer lip of the vagina. made of fatty tissue. cushions the region

Question 37

what is the labia minora?

Answer 37

inner lip of the vagina that protects and lubricates it

Question 38

what is the pudendal cleft?

Answer 38

space btw the labia majora and minora

Question 39

what is the anterior border of the female genitalia vestibule?

Answer 39

clitoris

Question 40

What is the lateral border of the female genitalia vestibule?

Answer 40

labia minora

Question 41

What is the posterior border of the female genitalia vestibule?

Answer 41

fourchette

Question 42

what is the fourchette of the female genitalia vestibule?

Answer 42

tissue stucture at posterior border of the female genitalia vestibule

Question 43

what is the function of the external urethral orifice?

Answer 43

urethra exits here

Question 44

what is vaginal orifice?

Answer 44

opening of the vagina

Question 45

What is the bulb of the vestibule?

Answer 45

part of female clitoris - becomes engorged with blood during arousal

Question 46

what are the greater vestibular glands?

Answer 46

part of the clitorus, function is to lubricate the vagina

Question 47

the glands for the clitoris are ___ to the clitoris

Answer 47

distal

Question 48

What does the external urethral sphincter do?

Answer 48

surrounds entire urethra - applies pressure and compression to the urethra

Question 49

What is the urethrocaginal sphincter?

Answer 49

structure that surronds the urethra and vagina

Question 50

What is the compressor urethrae?

Answer 50

structure that surrounds anterior urethra and applies pressure to the urethra

Question 51

superficial to deep what is the order of the urogenital triangle

Answer 51

skin, perineal fascia, superficial perineal pouch, perineal membrane, deep perineal pouch, then pelvic floor

Question 52

what is the deep perineal pouch?

Answer 52

btw pelvic floor superiorly and perineal membrane inferiorly. Lies superior to perineal membrane. Forms the external urethral shincter

Question 53

what makes up the deep perineal pouch in males?

Answer 53

deep transverse perineal muscle and external urethral sphincter

Question 54

what is deep transverse perineal muscle?

Answer 54

muscle in the deep perineal pouch, supports the perineal region

Question 55

what makes up the deep perineal pouch in females?

Answer 55

external urethral sphincter, urethrovaginal sphincter, compressor urethrae, deep transverse perineal muscle

Question 56

what is the difference in the perineal pouch btw males and females

Answer 56

males do not have external urethral spincter or the compressor urethrae

Question 57

where is the superficial perineal pouch?

Answer 57

btw perineal membrane superiorly and deep perineal fascia inferiorly. lies inferior to perineal membrane

Question 58

what is the superior limit of the superficial perineal pouch

Answer 58

perineal membrane

Question 59

what is the inferior limit of the superficial perineal pouch

Answer 59

colle's fascia

Question 60

what does the bulbospongiosus do

Answer 60

compresses bulb of penis during erection

Question 61

what structures are in the male and female superficial perineal pouch?

Answer 61

bulbospongiosus, ischiocarvernosus, superficial transverse perineal muscle

Question 62

what is the ischiocervernosus

Answer 62

compresses crus of the penis/clitorus during erection

Question 63

what does the superficial transverse perineal muscle do?

Answer 63

support the perineal body

Question 64

what is the superficial layer of the perineal fascia?

Answer 64

the superficial layer is continous with camper's fascia of the anterior abdominal wall

Question 65

What is the deep layer of the perineal fascia

Answer 65

layer that is continuous with scarpa's fascia of the anterior abdominal wall (colle's fascia)

Question 66

what is the perineal body?

Answer 66

convergence/interlacing of bulbospongiosus, superficial perineal muscles, external anal sphincter, pelvic floor muscles

Question 67

what is the anal triangle?

Answer 67

posterior portion of the perineum - has no perineal membrane!

Question 68

What is the anal triangle bounded by

Answer 68

laterally - ischial tuberosities posteriorly - coccyx

Question 69

what 4 things does the anal triangle contain?

Answer 69

anal aperture, external anal sphincter, ischiorectal fossa, pudendal canal

Question 70

what is the ischiorectal fossa

Answer 70

space filled with fat and important neurovasculature within the pudendal canal

Question 71

what are the lateral and medial borders of the ischiorectal fossa?

Answer 71

lateral: obturator inernus medial: external anal sphincter

Question 72

What are the superior and inferior borders of the ischiorectal fossa?

Answer 72

superior: levator ani inferior: perineal fascia

Question 73

where is the pudendal canal/

Answer 73

in the ischiorectal fossa

Question 74

what does the pudendal canal contain?

Answer 74

pudendal nerve internal pudendal vein internal pudendal artery

Question 75

What does the external anal sphincter do?

Answer 75

voluntarily controlled, compresses to keep shincter/canal shut

Question 76

what does the internal anal sphincter do?

Answer 76

involunatrily controlled, relaxed during defecation

Question 77

what structure is lateral to the anal sphincters?

Answer 77

ischial rectal fossa

Question 78

where does the abdominal aorta bifurcate?

Answer 78

L4 - bifurcates into L and R common iliac arteries

Question 79

What does the external iliac artery supply?

Answer 79

blood to the lower limbs

Question 80

What does the internal iliac artery supply?

Answer 80

blood to pelvis

Question 81

Where do common iliac arteries bifurcate?

Answer 81

sacroiliac joint - split into intrnal and external iliac arteries

Question 82

where does internal pudendal artery branch off from?

Answer 82

internal iliac artery

Question 83

where does IMA come from?

Answer 83

abdominal aorta

Question 84

what supplies blood to the rectum?

Answer 84

superior rectal artery (branch from IMA) and internal iliac artery's middle and inferior rectal arteries (with internal iliac artery coming from L/R iliac artery)