autonomic nervous system

Question 1

What does the ANS innervate

Answer 1

smooth and cardiac muscle, viscera, and glands

Question 2

What kind of nervous system is the ANS

Answer 2

involuntary efferent motor nervous system

Question 3

what is the main goal of the ANS?

Answer 3

to maintain homeostasis in the bodyb

Question 4

compare and contrast sympathetic vs parasympathetic nervous systems

Answer 4

SAME:
- both divisions of the parasympathetic nervous system
- most organs are innervated by both
DIF
- functionally and anatomically distinct
- generally opposing effects
- symp is more active in times of stress and exertion and emergancy
- para is more active under restign conditions

Question 5

what are the functions of the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 5

to stimulate metabolism to release glucose stores during stress exertion and emergencies. Also increases HR, force of contraction, and blood pressure. while down regulating digestion and dialating blood vessels

Question 6

what are the functions of the parasympatheic nervous system

Answer 6

promote relaxation, nutrient uptake, and energy storage by decreasing heart rate, force of contraction, and blood pressure while dialating blood vessels in GI tract and stimulating digestion and gut motility

Question 7

what is a myelin sheath?

Answer 7

a lipid- rich sheath that surrounds nerve cell axons and acts as an insulating layer

Question 8

why do some neurons have myelin sheaths?

Answer 8

to increase the velocity of their signals

Question 9

in the somatic efferent system where is the cell body

Answer 9

the ventral horn

Question 10

in the somatic efferent system how many neurons are there btw CNS and target

Answer 10

one

Question 11

in the autonomic efferent system where is the pre ganglionic cell body

Answer 11

spinal cord or brain stem nuclei

Question 12

in the autonomic efferent system how many neurons are there btw CNS and target

Answer 12

two

Question 13

in the autonomic efferent system what is the ganglion called?

Answer 13

autonomic ganglion

Question 14

in the ANS where is the post ganglionic cell body?

Answer 14

autonomic ganglion

Question 15

in the ANS is the pre ganglionic neuron myelinated?

Answer 15

YES!

Question 16

in the ANS is the psot ganglionic neuron myelinated?

Answer 16

NO!

Question 17

What is a ganglia

Answer 17

a collection of neuronal cell bodies found in the PNS

Question 18

what is a DRG

Answer 18

sensory (afferent) ganglion of somatic nervous sysem

Question 19

what is the main function of ganglia in the ANS

Answer 19

to act as relay stations btw the pre and post ganglionic neurons

Question 20

what are the outflow regions of the sympathtic nervous system

Answer 20

thoraco-lumbar - T1 to L2

Question 21

what are the outflow regions of the parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 21

cranio-sacral. so cranial nerves 3, 7, 9, and 10 as well as sacral regions S2-S4

Question 22

how are the sympathetic chain ganglia oriented?

Answer 22

they are connected to one another (paired_) along length of vertebral column (C1-S5)

Question 23

why is the orientation of sympathetic chain ganglia important?

Answer 23

having the sympathetic chain ganglia connected to one another coordinates and spreads sympathetic responses to many tissues simultaneously

Question 24

what are the 3 pre vertebral ganglia of the sympathetic chain?

Answer 24

celiac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion, inferior mesenteric ganglion

Question 25

what are rami communicans?

Answer 25

connections btw spinal nerve and sympatetic trunk

Question 26

where does sympathetic outflow oringinate?

Answer 26

lateral horn of the spinal cord from segments T1-L2 as this is where the pre ganglionic neuron begins

Question 27

how does the sympathetic preganglionic neuron exit the spine

Answer 27

ventral horn and root to become a spinal nerve

Question 28

how does the sympathetic preganglionic neuron enter the sympathetic chain

Answer 28

white ramus comminicans

Question 29

once the preganglionic neuron has entered the sympathetic chain - what happen next

Answer 29

it can either: 1. synapse with the chain at the same level and exit with gray ramus, traveling with spinal nerve 2. change levels within the chain and then synapse 3. form a splanchnic nerve

Question 30

what do preganglionic neurons that stay at the same level in the sympathetic chain target

Answer 30

body wall, ab and thoracic viscera, and limbs

Question 31

what do pre ganglionic neurons that ascend or descend within the sympathetic chain tagrte?

Answer 31

ascending nerves target: head and neck viscera, thoracic viscera, upper limbs descending nerves target: abdominopelvic viscera, lower limbs

Question 32

what plexuses do the post ganglionic neurons of the symapthetic chain contribute to?

Answer 32

cardiac plexus and the piulmonary plexusq

Question 33

what is a splanchnic nerve?

Answer 33

visceral nerve - typically associated with abdominopelvis viscera

Question 34

when do sympathetic splanic nerves form?

Answer 34

when autonomic fibers do to rejoin spinal nerves and instead bypass the sympathetic chain

Question 35

in the sympathetic system where do the paired splanic nerves originate from?

Answer 35

thoracic and lumbar vertebral levels

Question 36

where do sympathetic splanic nerves synapse?

Answer 36

in the pre vertebral ganglia of the sympathetic chain

Question 37

where does the greater splanic nerve come from?

Answer 37

T5-T9

Question 38

where does the lesser splanic nerve come from?

Answer 38

T10-T11

Question 39

where doe the least/lumber splanic nerve come from?

Answer 39

T12-L2

Question 40

which ganglion does the greater splanichnic nerve innervate with?

Answer 40

celiac ganglion

Question 41

which ganglion does the lesser splachbnic nerve innervate with

Answer 41

superior mesenteric ganglion

Question 42

which ganglion does the least splanchnic nerve innervate with

Answer 42

inferior mesenteric gangliojn

Question 43

what are the targets of the parasympatehtic nervous system?

Answer 43

viscera of the head and neck, abdominal and thoracic viscera, and pelvic viscera

Question 44

what is a big difference with regards to the pre ganglionic neuron in the parasympathetic vs sympathetic nervous system

Answer 44

in the parasympathetic nervous system, the pre-ganglionic neuron is long bc the parasympathetic ganglia are near or within the target. In the sympathetic nervous system, the sympathetic ganglia are located near the vertebral column so the preganglionic neurons are short

Question 45

what is a big difference with regards to the post ganglionic neuron in the parasympathetic vs sympathetic nervous system

Answer 45

in the parasympathetic nervous system, the post-ganglionic neuron is short bc the parasympathetic ganglia are near or within the target. In the sympathetic nervous system, the sympathetic ganglia are located near the vertebral column so the post ganglionic neurons are long

Question 46

which cranial nerves carry parasympathetic fibers

Answer 46

3, 7, 9, 10

Question 47

what does a visceral reflex arc consist of?

Answer 47

sensory nerve and visceral motor neurons

Question 48

what is the enteric nervous system

Answer 48

network of neurons located in walls of digestive tarct