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Acid-controlling Drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

What does mucus cells secrete?

A

Mucus

HCO3

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2
Q

What does parietal cells secrete?

A

Intrinsic factor

HCl

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3
Q

What do ECL cells secrete?

A

Histamine

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4
Q

What do chief cells secrete?

A

Pepsinogen

Gastric lipase

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5
Q

What do D-cells secrete? What is another name for it?

A

Somatostatin

GHIH

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6
Q

What do G-cells secrete?

A

Gastrin

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7
Q

What is the purpose of HCO3?

A

Buffers gastric acid

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8
Q

What is the purpose of intrinsic factor?

A

Activates pepsin

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9
Q

What is the purpose of pepsinogen?

A

Digests proteins

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10
Q

What is the purpose of somatostatin?

A

Inhibits gastric acid secretion

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11
Q

What is the main organ that makes HCO3?

A

Pancreas

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12
Q

What are the 3 hormones that increase acid production?

A

Histamine
Gastrin
ACh

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13
Q

What hormone decreases acid production?

A

Somatostatin

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14
Q

What is important for mucus production?

A

Prostaglandins

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15
Q

What 2 things protect the mucosal cells in the stomach?

A

Mucus

Rapid turnover of epithelial cells

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16
Q

Where do peptic ulcers commonly occur?

A

Stomach

Duodenal

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17
Q

What are 3 things that can cause peptic ulcers?

A

H. pylori
Hyperacidity
Decreased production

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18
Q

What vital sign can change w/ peptic ulcers?

A

Decrease in BP

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19
Q

What food inhibits H. pylori?

A

Broccoli

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20
Q

What medications can cause ulcers?

A

NSAIDs

Corticosteroids

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21
Q

What changes in the 2 autonomic nervous systems can cause ulcers?

A

Increased parasympathetic

Decreased sympathetic

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22
Q

What drinks, things you put in your mouth and FHx can cause ulcers?

A

Alcohol
Smoking
FHx of ulcers

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23
Q

What are the Sx of ulcers?

A 
Heartburn
N/V
Loss of appetite
Hemtemesis
Melena
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24
Q

What medication has the greatest ability to decrease stomach acid?

A

PPIs

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25
What is H. pylori sensitive to?
Amoxicillin Tetracycline Metronidazole Clarithromycin
26
What medication is found in Helidac?
Tetracycline Metronidazole Bismuth
27
What medication is found in Prevpac
Lansoprazole Clarithromycin Amoxicillin
28
What are the 2 things bismuth causes to H.pylori?
Lysis of H. pylori | Decreased binding of bacteria
29
What are 2 combination drugs that are used to Tc H. Pylori?
Helidac | Prevpac
30
What does GERD stand for?
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
31
What Sx usually comes after meals w/ GERD?
Heart burn
32
What makes pt position makes GERD worse? What should you never do to a pt w/ GERD?
GERD gets worse when lying down Never raise the foot of the bed for a pt w/ GERD
33
What chemicals from GERD can harm to esophagus and cause strictures?
Pepsin | HCl
34
If GERD doesn’t get Tx what condition can occur? What happens?
Barrett esophagus? Squamous esophageal cells are converted into columnar cells
35
What are the 3 causes of GERD?
Inappropriate relaxation of LES Increase Acid production Large meals
36
What can cause relaxation of LES?
``` Fat Onions Coffee Caffeine CNS depressants Mints ```
37
What can a hiatal hernia cause an increase risk of?
GERD
38
What hat are 5 lifestyle Tx for GERD?
``` Small meals Decrease offending foods Weight loss Elevate head of the bed Stop eating w/in 3 hours of sleep ```
39
What is the pros and cons of antacids?
Pro=immediate relief | Con= acid rebound
40
What is the pro and con of H2 blockers?
Pro=long lasting | Con= takes 30min for pain relief
41
What H2 blockers can be taking w/ any medication?
Famotidine(Pepcid)
42
Why is cometidine(Tagamet)?
H2 blocker
43
What is famotidine(Pepcid)?
H2 blocker
44
What is nizatidine(Axid)?
H2 blocker
45
What should not be taken w/ an antacid?
H2 blockers
46
What are the indications for H2 blockers?
``` GERD Chronic use of NSAIDs Ulcers Systemic mastocytosis Zollinger-Ellison syndrome ```
47
What is systemic mastocytosis?
Mast cells in GI that are secreting histamine
48
What is Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?
Gastrin secreting tumor
49
How long must you wait between taking a H2 blocker and an antacid so they don’t mix?
1 hr
50
What is impotence?
Erectile dimysfunction
51
What conditions are reversible when taking H2 blockers?
Impotence | Gynecomastia
52
Why is misoprostol(cytotec)? MOA?
Prostaglandin agonist Increases the secretion of HCO3 and mucus
53
What does abortifacient?
To cause an abortion
54
What can misoprostol(cytotec) cause in a pregnancy? How?
An abortion Causes uterine contractions
55
What do PPIs end in?
-prazole
56
What are PPIs indicated for?
Ulcer management GERD Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
57
What drug can reduce the effectiveness of plavix?
PPIs
58
Long term use of PPIs can cause what? Why?
C. diff diarrhea Because of the inhibition of HCl production causes increase pH which doesn’t kill spores in stomach
59
What do prokinetic drugs do?
D2 antagonist
60
What is metoclopramide(Reglan)? What does it target? When is it given?
Prokinetic drug(D2 antagonist) Targets upper GI Given before meals
61
What are the 2 anticholinergics for ulcers? What is their MOA?
Hyoscyamine(Levsin) Glycopyrrolate(Robinul) Decrease acid secretion Decrease peristalsis
62
What are the indications for anticholinergics(antispasmodics)?
IBS Diarrhea Diverticulitis
63
What type of antacid cause constipation?
Al and Ca containing antacid
64
What type of antacid cause diarrhea?
Mg containing antacid
65
What are some ADR for antacids?
Acid rebound Increase sodium Hypercalcemia Drug interaction
66
What should you not take w/ an antacid(3)?
Oral drugs Tetracycline H2 blockers
67
How many hours after a meal should you take an antacid?
1-3 hrs
68
What is sucralfate(Carafate)? What ulcers does it specifically Tx? MOA? Systemic action? Does it alter pH?
Barrier enhancer Used to Tx duodenal ulcers Binds to proteins of damages cells and provides protective layer over damaged mucosa No systemic action Does not alter pH
69
What do H2 blockers end in?
-tidine

Pharmacology (27 decks)

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