Antilipemic Drugs

Question 1

What lipoprotein does APO B100 attach to?

Answer 1

VLDL

LDL

Question 2

What lipoprotein does APO B48 attach to? Is it considered exogenous or endogenous?

Answer 2

Chylomicrons

Exogenous because it comes from our diet

Question 3

What damages and increases the rate of atherosclerosis?

Answer 3

Smoking
HTN
increase LDL
Uncontrolled DM
Hypothyroidism

Question 4

What can atherosclerosis in coronary arteries lead to?

Answer 4

MI

Question 5

What can atherosclerosis in carotid artery lead to?

Answer 5

Thrombotic stroke

Question 6

What can atherosclerosis in peripheral arteries lead to?

Answer 6

Intermittent claudication

Question 7

What is intermittent claudication?

Answer 7

Exercising till pain occurs in calf muscle

Question 8

What is 4 things is cholesterol needed for?

Answer 8

Sex hormones
Cell membranes
Myelin sheaths
Bike

Question 9

What percent of cholesterol comes from our diet and what percent come from our liver?

Answer 9

Diet= 1/3

Endogenous= 2/3

Question 10

What can be a r/f of elevated lipid levels?

Answer 10

Family Hx

American diet

Question 11

How calories effect triglyceride levels?

Answer 11

Increases calories=increase triglycerides

Question 12

What ages for men and women increase the risk for atherosclerosis? Why is this?

Answer 12

Men>45
Women>55

Women have increased HDL levels more than men

Question 13

What is the first line to decrease lipid levels?

Answer 13

Diet control

Question 14

What decreases HDL levels?

Answer 14

Smoking
Obesity
Liver damage
Starvation

Question 15

What increases HDL levels?

Answer 15

Aerobic exercise
Omega 3 foods
Being female

Question 16

Why is the formula to figure out LDL levels?

Answer 16

LDL= TC-HDL-(TG/5)

Question 17

What is the recommended level for LDL and TC levels?

Answer 17

LDL=<100mg/dL

TC=<200mg/dL

Question 18

What is another name for HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors?

Answer 18

Statins

Question 19

What are the 7 hypolipidemic drug categories?

Answer 19

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
Cholesterol adsorption inhibitors
Simvastatin/ezetimibe(Vytorin)
Fibrin acid derivatives
Nicotinic acid
Mipomerse
Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitor (MTP)

Question 20

What do statins do to LDL, VLDL, TG and HDL levels?

Answer 20

Decrease LDL, VLDL, TG

Increase HDL

Question 21

What increases the effectiveness and half life of statins?

Answer 21

Grapefruit

Question 22

What are the ADR of statins?

Answer 22

Myalgias

Rhabdomyolysis

Question 23

What is myalgias?

Answer 23

Leg ache and muscle weakness

Question 24

What is rhabdomyolysis?

Answer 24

Breakdown on muscles that release CPK and myoglobin into blood which damages the kidneys

Question 25

What are conditions that can cause rhabdomyolysis?

Answer 25

Statins MI Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Question 26

What levels rise when the liver is being damaged?

Answer 26

AST | ALT

Question 27

What is the goal for TC levels for a pt on statins in the first 6-8wks?

Answer 27

Have TC levels be < 200mg/dL

Question 28

What levels should be checked every 6mo when on statins? What levels should be checked every 6-8 weeks for the first 6mo?

Answer 28

AST and ALT TC, triglycerides, LDL, HDL

Question 29

What is the ADR of cholestyramine(Questran)?

Answer 29

Constipation

Question 30

Pt taking cholestyramine(Questran) may need to take what supplements?

Answer 30

Fat soluble vitamins A, D, and K

Question 31

How must cholestyramine(Questran) be taken?

Answer 31

Comes in powder form and must be taken w/ a liquid

Question 32

What effect does Metamucil have on LDLs? What products contain metamucil?

Answer 32

Decreases LDLs Oatmeal Psyllium

Question 33

What are ADR of nicotinic acid?

Answer 33

Flushing Increase uric acid levels Damage liver

Question 34

Why does nicotinic acid cause facial flushing?

Answer 34

Nicotinic acid causes prostaglandins to be released which causes vasodilation

Question 35

What can minimize facial flushing when taking nicotinic acid?

Answer 35

Aspirin | NSAIDs

Question 36

What should niacin(niaspan,Niacor) be taken with?

Answer 36

A meal