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Pharmacology > Test 5 Drugs > Flashcards

Test 5 Drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Bismuth subsalicylate(peptic-bismol)? Indication? MOA?

A

Absorbent

Diarrhea

Forms complex w/ water and lipopolysaccharide

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2
Q

What is paregoric(opium tincture)? Indication?

A

Opiate

Diarrhea

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3
Q

What is loperimide(Immodium A-D)? Indication? MOA?

A

Opioid derivative

Diarrhea

Activates Mu receptors=decrease peristalsis
Activates Delta receptors=decrease secretions

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4
Q

What is diphenoxylate/atropine(Lonox, Lomotil)? Indication? MOA? Which part of drug is anticholinergic?

A

Opioid derivative

Diarrhea

Activates Mu receptors=decrease peristalsis
Activates Delta receptors=decrease secretions

Atropine

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5
Q

What are 3 antimotility drugs used to Tx diarrhea?

A

Anticholinergic
5HT antagonist
Opioids

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6
Q

What is alosetron(Lotronex)? Route?indication? ADR?

A

5HT antagonist

Oral

IBS in women

Ischemic colitis
Constipation

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7
Q

What are the 6 drugs to Tx constipation?

A 
Stimulants
Bulk forming laxatives
Osmotic(saline) laxatives 
Emollient/softeners
Cl channel activators
Peripheral Mu-opioid antagonists
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8
Q

What is Senna(Senekot)? MOA? Indication?

A

Stimulant laxative

Increase release of histamine to increase gut motility

Constipation

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9
Q

What is bisacodyl(Dulcolax)? MOA? Indication?

A

Stimulant laxative

Increase release of histamine to increase gut motility

Constipation

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10
Q

What is methylcellulose(Citrucel)? MOA? Indication?

A

Bulk forming laxative

Soaks up water to put pressure on gut to increase gut motility

Constipation

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11
Q

What is psyllium(Metamucil)? MOA? Indication?

A

Bulk forming laxative

Soaks up water to put pressure on gut to increase gut motility

Constipation

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12
Q

What is lactulose(enulose)? MOA? Indication?

A

Osmotic(saline) laxative

Sugar or sodium draw water into lumen

Constipation

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13
Q

What is magnesium hydroxide(MOM)? Indication?

A

Osmotic(Saline)laxative

Constipation

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14
Q

What is magnesium citrate? Indication?

A

Osmotic(Saline)laxative

Constipation

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15
Q

What is sodium phosphate(fleet enema)? Indication?

A

Osmotic(Saline)laxative

Constipation

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16
Q

What is PEG(Golytely, Nulytely,Miralax)? Indications?

A

Osmotic(Saline)laxative

Constipation
Bowel evacuation For colonoscopy

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17
Q

What is lactulose indicated for? What type of osmotic laxative is it? What does it cause in colon and prevent the absorption of?

A

Hepatic encephalopathy

Non-absorbable disaccharide

Decrease pH of colon contents and prevents absorption of NH3 from hepatic compromise

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18
Q

What is docusate Calcium(Surfak)? MOA? Indication?

A

Emollients/softener

Allow water to penetrate feces and ease passage

Constipation

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19
Q

What is Docusate sodium(Colace)? MOA? Indication?

A

Emollients/softener

Allow water to penetrate feces and ease passage

Constipation

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20
Q

What is lubiprostone(Amitiza)? Indication? MOA?

A

Cl channel activators

IBS-C

Activates Cl transporters to allow Cl into lumen…water follows

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21
Q

What is linaclotide(Linzess)? MOA? Indications?

A

Cl channel activator

Activates Cl transporters to allow Cl into lumen…water follows

IBS-C
Idiopathic constipation

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22
Q

What is methynaltrexone bromide(Relistor)? Indication? Route and how often?

A

Mu-antagonist

Opioid induced constipation

SC daily

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23
Q

What is Alvimopan(Enterig)? Indication? Route?

A

Mu-antagonist

Postoperative ileus

PO

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24
Q

What is Levothyroxine sodium(Levothroid,Levoxyl,synthroid)?What hormone does it carry? Indication?

A

HRT

T4

Hypothyroidism

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25
What is liothyronine sodium(Cytomel, Triostat)? What hormones does it carry? Indication?
HRT T3 Hypothyroidism
26
What is thyroid(armour thyroid),bio-thyroid,thyroid USP)? What hormones does it carry? What does it come from? Indication?
HRT T3/T4 Comes from porcine/pigs Hypothyroidism
27
What is potassium iodide and iodine(Lugols solution)? MOA? Indication?
Antithyroid drug Inhibits NIS Hyperthyroidism
28
What is radioactive iodide(iodotope,sodium iodide)? MOA? Indication?
Antithyroid drugs Gamma and beta rays release from iodide that destroy thyroid tissue Hyperthyroidism
29
What is methimazole(Tapazole)? Indication? MOA?
Antithyroid drugs Hyperthyroidism Inhibit actions of TPO
30
What is propylthiouracil? Indication? MOA?
Antithyroid drugs Hyperthyroidism Inhibit actions of TPO
31
What is metoclopramide(Reglan)? MOA? Indication?
Prokinetic/D2 antagonist Gets peristalsis going Diabetic gastroparesis(vagus nerve damage leases to decreased peristalsis)
32
How does botulinum toxin help with diabetic gastroparesis?
Toxin causes flaccid paralysis on sphincter to move contents to duodenum
33
What are the parenteral drugs for DM(3)? Route?
Insulin Amylin analog Incretin mimetic All SC
34
What is aspart(Novolog)? When should it be taken?
Rapid acting insulin 15min before a meal
35
What is glulisine(Apidra)? When should you take it?
Rapid acting insulin 15min before a meal
36
What is lispro(Humalog)? When should you take it?
Rapid acting insulin 15min before a meal
37
What is regular(Humulin R)? When should you take it?
Short acting insulin 15-30min before a meal
38
What is isophane NPH(Humulin N, Novolin N)? When should you take it?
Intermediate acting insulin 15-30min before a meal
39
What is detemir(Levemir)?
Long acting insulin
40
What is glargine(lantus)?
Long acting insulin
41
What is degludec(Tresiba)?
Long acting insulin
42
What do rapid acting insulin drugs end in?
-log or -pridra
43
What is pramlintide(Symlin)? MOA?ADR? Indication?
Amylin Slows gastric emptying Suppresses glucagon secretion Decreases appetite N/V Weight loss Uncontrolled DM type 1 and 2
44
What is exenatide(Byetta)? Indication? Route and when and how often? Location?
Incretin Type 2 DM SC BID 1 he before a meal Arms, abs, thigh
45
What is extended release(Bydureon)? Indication?
Incretin Type 2 DM
46
Why is liraglutide(Victoza)? Indication? How often given?
Incretin Type 2 DM Once daily anytime
47
What is metformjn(Glucophage)? MOA?
Biguanides Decrease live glucose production Decrease intestine glucose absorption Enhance glucose utilization by other tissues
48
What do incretins end in?
-tide
49
What are the 2 types of secretagogues?
Sulfonylureas | Meglitinides
50
What are the 6 oral drugs to Tx DM?
``` Secretagogues Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors Biguanides Thiazolidinediones(insulin sensitizer) DPP-4 inhibitor SGLT2 inhibitor ```
51
What is glimepiride(amaryl)? What category is it? Indication? MOA?
Secretagogue Sulfonylureas DM type 2 Binds to SUR to release insulin
52
What is Glipizide(Glucotrol)? What category is it? Indication? MOA
Secretagogue Sulfonylureas DM type 2 Binds to SUR to release insulin
53
What is Glyburide(Diabeta)? What category is it? Indication? MOA?
Secretagogue Sulfonylureas DM type 2 Binds to SUR to release insulin
54
What do sulfonylureas secretagogues end in?
-ide
55
What is repaglinide(Prandin)? What category is it? Indication? MOA?
Secretagogue Meglitinides DM type 2 Binds to SUR to release insulin
56
What is nateglinide(Starlix)? What category is it? Indication? MOA?
Secretagogue Meglitinides DM type 2 Binds to SUR to release insulin
57
What do meglitinides secretagogues end in?
-glinide
58
What is pioglitazone(Actos)? What is another name for this type of drug?contraindication?
Thiazolidinediones Insulin sensitizer HF Liver damage
59
What is miglitol(Glaset)? MOA? Time given at? ADR?
Alpha-glycosides inhibitor Inhibits disaccharidases Give w/ each meal Flatulence and diarrhea
60
What is acarbose(Precose)? MOA? Time give at? ADR? What is it made of?
Alpha-glycosides inhibitor Inhibits disaccharidases Give w/ each meal Flatulence and diarrhea Oligosaccharide
61
What do DPP- 4 inhibitors end in?
-gliptin
62
What is saxagliptin(Onglyza)? Indication?
DPP-4 inhibitor Type 2 DM
63
What is sitigliptin(Januvia)? Indication?
DPP-4 inhibitor Type 2 DM
64
What is Alogliptin(Nesina)? Indication?
DPP-4 inhibitor Type 2 DM
65
What is linagliptin(Tradjenta)? Indication?
DPP-4 inhibitor Type 2 DM
66
What do SGLT2 inhibitors end in?
-gliflozin
67
What is canagliflozin(invokana)? MOA?
SGLT2 inhibitor Blocks glucose and Na from be reabsorbed to be peed out
68
What is dapagliflozin(Farxiga)? MOA?
SGLT2 inhibitor Blocks glucose and Na from be reabsorbed to be peed out
69
What is empagliflozin(Jardiance)? MOA?
SGLT2 inhibitor Blocks glucose and Na from be reabsorbed to be peed out
70
What is ipragliflozin(Suglat)? MOA?
SGLT2 inhibitor Blocks glucose and Na from be reabsorbed to be peed out
71
What is inhaled Afrezza?
Inhaled insulin
72
What do exogenous synthetic estrogen drugs have in their name?
Estrogen or estradiol
73
What is conjugated estrogen(premarin)?
Synthetic estrogen/ exogenous estrogen
74
What is conjugated estrogen(Cenestin)?
Synthetic estrogen/ exogenous estrogen
75
What is estradiol trandermal(estraderm,climara,vivelle)?
Synthetic estrogen/ exogenous estrogen
76
What is estradiol cypionate (depo-estradiol, DepoGen)?
Synthetic estrogen/ exogenous estrogen
77
What is estradiol vaginal dosage form(vagifem, estrace vaginal cream)
Synthetic estrogen/ exogenous estrogen
78
What is estrasorb(estradiol topical emulsion)? Indication
HRT new estrogen therapy Hot flashes
79
What is duavee(conjugated estrogen/bazedoxifene)? Indication?
HRT new estrogen therapy Hot flashes and osteoporosis
80
What is ospemifene(Osphena)? Indication?
HRT new estrogen therapy Dyspareunia
81
What do protestins drugs have in their name?
-gest or nor-
82
What is hydroxyprogestrone(Hylutin)?
Progestin
83
What is levonorgestrel(plan B)? Indication?
Progestin Prevent or delay ovulation in emergency
84
What is medroxyprogesterone(Provera, Depo-provera)?
Progestin
85
What is megestrol(Megace)? What can it increase?
Progestin Increase appetite
86
What is norethindrone acetate(Aygestin)?
Progestin
87
What is norgestrel (ovrette, ovral)?
Progestin
88
WhT is progesterone (prometrium)?
Progestin
89
What is etonogestrel implant(implanon)? Indication?
Progestin BC
90
What is calcitonin(Fortical) Indications? Route?
Osteoporosis Pagets disease Hypercalcemia SC/IM
91
What is calcitonin(Miacalcin) indications? Route?
Osteoporosis Paget’s disease Hypercalcemia Nasal spray
92
What do bisphosphonates do? When should they be taken? How must a pt remain upright after taking this medication?
Inhibit bone reabsorption 1 hr before meals 30min
93
What is alendronate(fosamax)? Indication?
Biphosphonates Osteoporosis Corticosteroids induced osteoporosis Paget’s disease
94
What is ibandronate(Boniva)? Indications?
Biphosphonates Osteoporosis Corticosteroids induced osteoporosis Paget’s disease
95
What is risedronate(actonel)? Indications?
Biphosphonates Osteoporosis Corticosteroids induced osteoporosis Paget’s disease
96
What do bisphosphonates end in?
-dronate
97
What is osteonecrosis?
Break down of jaw bone
98
What is the MOA of bisphosphonates?
Bisphosphonates attach to Ca2+ in bone Osteoclasts eat Ca2+ and then die because of bisphosphonates
99
What is Denosumab(Prolia, Xgeva)? Route how often? ADR?
RANKL inhibitor/ synthetic OPG SC every 6mo Hypocalcemia Dental issues Neutropenia that can cause infections
100
What is teriparatide(forteo)? Route how often? MOA? Indication?
Recombinant PTH SC every day Low levels of PTH given intermittently increase bone formation Osteoporosis Glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis
101
What is raloxifene(evista)? Why is it effective? Indication? Contraindication?
SERM Decreases risk of breast and uterine cancer Breast cancer prophylaxis in women with osteoporosis VTE Hx
102
How long must a pt be DC off a SERM before going into surgery or immobilization?
3 days before
103
What Sx should a pt report when taking a SERM?
Swelling and pain in calves
104
What are oxytocics?
Uterine stimulants
105
What are the 4 oxytocics?
Oxytocin Prostaglandins Ergot derivative (5HT agonist) Progesterone antagonist mifepristone(RU-486)
106
What is a tocolytic?
Uterine relaxant
107
What are the 2 types of tocolytics? Class of drug? MOA? Indications for both of them?
Indomethacin - NSAID - Inhibits prostaglandins(which increase contractions) Nifedipine - CCB - blocks Ca2+ to decrease contractions Premature uterine contraction

Pharmacology (27 decks)

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