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Final Exam Drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Acetaminophen(Tylenol)? MOA? Indication?

A

Non-opioid analgesic

Cox 3 inhibitor

Antipyretic
Analgesic
HA
Ulcers
Coagulation disorders
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2
Q

What is hydromorphone(dilauded) MOA? Indication?

A

Strong opioid/CNS depressant

In spinal cord:

  • Decrease Ca2+ permeability on pre synapse to stop release of sub P and glutamate
  • increase K+ permeability on post synapse to hyperpolarize cell

Severe pain

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3
Q

What is methadone hydrochloride(dolophine)? MOA? Indication?

A

Strong opioid/CNS depressant

In spinal cord:

  • Decrease Ca2+ permeability on pre synapse to stop release of sub P and glutamate
  • increase K+ permeability on post synapse to hyperpolarize cell

Severe pain

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4
Q

What is morphine sulfate(Morphine)? MOA? Indication?

A

Strong opioid/ CNS depressant

In spinal cord:

  • Decrease Ca2+ permeability on pre synapse to stop release of sub P and glutamate
  • increase K+ permeability on post synapse to hyperpolarize cell

Severe pain

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5
Q

What is naloxone hydrochloride(Narcan)? Indication?

A

Opioid antagonist

Opioid overdose

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6
Q

What is phentermine(Ionamin) Indication?

A

Obesity

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7
Q

What is sumatriptan(Imitrex) indication?

A

Migraines

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8
Q

What is carbamazepine(Tegretol) indicated for?

A

Epilepsy

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9
Q

What is amiodarone(Cordarone,Pacerone) indicated for?

A

Cardiac arrhythmias

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10
Q

What is quinidine(Quinidex) indicated for?

A

Cardiac arrhythmia

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11
Q

What is isoniazid(INH)? MOA? Indication?

A

Isonicotinic acid

Inhibits cell wall synthesis

Tuberculosis

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12
Q

What is sirolimus(Rapamune) indicated for?

A

Prevention of kidney transplant rejection

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13
Q

What is tacrolimus(Rapamune) indicated for?

A

Prevention of organ transplant rejection

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14
Q

What is lindane(Kwell) indicated for?

A

Scabies

Pediculosis(Lice)

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15
Q

What is latanoprost(Xalatan) indicated for?

A

Glaucoma

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16
Q

What is carbamide peroxide(Debrox)? Indication?

A

Cerumen

Earwax impaction

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17
Q

What is lidocaine(Xylocaine)? MOA? Indication?

A

Local anesthetic

Blocks Na+ channel inactivation gate to prevent pain signal from moving

Minor procedures
Cardiac arrhythmia

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18
Q

What is propofol(Diprivan)? MOA? Indication? Nickname?

A

General anesthetic

  • Opens GABA-A channels to increase Cl- permeability to hyperpolarize the cell
  • NMDA agonist to decrease release of glutamate

antiemetic
Procedural sedation w/ analgesic (PSA)
Anesthesia

Milk of amnesia

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19
Q

What is rocuronium(Zemuron)? Class?MOA? Indication?

A

Skeletal muscle blocker/paralytic/NMBD

Non-depolarizing

ACh antagonist at N1 receptor

Intubation after succinylcholine

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20
Q

What is succcinylcholine (Anectine/Quelicin)? Class? MOA? Indication?

A

Skeletal muscle blocker/paralytic/NMBD

depolarizing

Alters N1 receptor so it doesn’t respond to ACh

Muscle spasms
Used w/ general anesthetic

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21
Q

What is baclofen(Lioresal)? MOA? Indication?

A

Muscle relaxant

  • Stimulates GABA-B receptors which increase K+ permeability on LMN
  • stimulates GABA-B receptors on UMN to decrease release of NE and Glutamate

Spinal injuries
Muscle spasms

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22
Q

What is cyclobenzaprine(Flexeril)? MOA? Indication?

A

Muscle relaxant

Unknown but believed to work in brainstem

Local muscle spasms
Short term use

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23
Q

What is zaleplon(Sonata)? Indication?

A

Misc. Hypnotic

Difficulty falling asleep

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24
Q

What is zolpidem(Ambien)? Indication?

A

Misc. Hypnotic

Difficulty falling asleep

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25
What is amphetamines indicated for?
ADHD | narcolepsy
26
What is methylphenidate(Ritalin) indicated for?
ADHD | Narcolepsy
27
What is Gabapentin(Neurotin) indicated for?
Epilepsy
28
What is phenobarbital (Mysoline) indicated for?
Epilepsy
29
What is primidone(Mysoline) indicated for?
Epilepsy
30
What is phenytoin(Dilantin) indicated for?
Epilepsy
31
What is fosphenytoin(Dilantin) indicated for?
Epilepsy
32
What is valproic acid indicated for?
Epilepsy
33
What is benztropine mesylate (Cogentin)? MOA? Indication?
Anticholinergic for PD blocks reuptake of ACh into striatum Pill rolling Muscle rigidity
34
What is carbidopa-levodopa(Sinemet)? MOA? Indication?
Anti PD drug Inhibits dopa decarboxylase and is DA precursor Later stages of PD
35
What is ropinirole(Requip)? MOA? Indication?
D2 receptor agonist Acts in brain to decrease movements caused by decrease DA Restless leg syndrome (RLS) PD
36
What is bethanecol(Urecholine)? Indication?
Muscarinic agonist Postoperative ileus Urinary retention
37
What is donepezil(Aricept)? MOA? Indication?
AChesterase inhibitor-central acting Increase ACh in brain Alzheimer’s
38
What is memantine(Namenda)? MOA? Indication?
AChesterase inhibitor-central acting Increase ACh in brain Alzheimer’s
39
What is pyridostigmine(Mestinon)? MOA? Indication?
AChesterase inhibitor Increase ACh in synapse MG
40
What is atropine? Indication?
Anticholinergic Cardiac arrest
41
What is dicyclomine(Bentyl)? Indication?
Anticholinergic/receptor antagonist IBS Overactive bladder
42
What is tolterodine(Detrol)? Indication?
Anticholinergic/receptor antagonist IBS Overactive bladder
43
What is captopril(Capoten)? MOA? Indication?
ACEI Inhibits ACE to prevent Angiotensin 1 into becoming angiotensin 2 HTN
44
Why is clonidine(Catapress)? MOA? Indication?
Central acting sympatholytic(take away sympathetic) Stimulates alpha2 receptors to decrease release of NE which causes vasodilation effect HTN
45
What is hyrdalazine(Apresoline)? MOA? Indication?
Arterial dilator Dilated arteries HF HTN
46
What is losartan(Cozaar)? MOA? Indication?
ARB angiotensin receptor blocker HTN
47
What is atenolol(Tenormin)? MOA? Indication?
Selective Beta 1 blocker Only blocks Beta 1 receptors which has negative inotropic and chronotropic effect Angina HF
48
What is diltiazem(Cardizem)? Class?MOA? Indication?
CCB Nondihydropyridine Works on heart and vessels - decrease inotropic and chronotropic effect - decrease BP Angina HF
49
What is isorsorbide dinitrate(Isordil)? MOA? Indication?
Veno dilator Decreases preload and afterload by dilating veins HF
50
What is isosorbide mononitrate(Imdur)? MOA? Indication?
Veno dilator Decreases preload and afterload by dilating veins Angina
51
What is metoprolol(Lepressor)? MOA? Indications?
Selective beta 1 blockers Decreased inotropic and chronotropic effect Angina HF Glaucoma
52
What is nitroglycerin(Nitro-Bid, Nitrostat)? MOA? Indication?
Nitrate
53
What is atenolol(Tenormin)? MOA? Indication?
Selective 1 beta blocker Negative inotropic and chronotropic effect Angina HF Cardiac arrhythmia
54
What is diltiazem(Cardizem, Dilacor, Tiazac)? MOA? Indication?
CCB-nondihydropyridines Negative inotropic and chronotropic Vasodilator Angina HF Cardiac arrhythmia
55
What is isosorbide dinitrate(Isordil)? MOA? Indication?
Venodilator Vasodilates HF
56
What is metoprolol(Lepressor)? MOA? indication?
Selective beta 1 blocker Negative inotropic and chronotropic effect Angina HF Glaucoma Cardiac arrhythmia
57
What is digoxin(Lanoxin)? MOA? Indication?
Cardiac glycosides Inhibits sodium potassium pump which causes and positive inotropic effect and negative chronotropic effect HF A-fib
58
What is dobutamine(dobutrex)?Indication?
Beta 1 adrenergic HF
59
What is lisinopril(Prinivil, Zestril)? Indication?
ACEI HF
60
What is milrinone(Primacor)? MOA? Indication?
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor Inodilator-causes SM dilation and has positive inotropic effect Short term management of HF
61
What is nesiritide(Natrecor)? MOA? Indication?
Synthetic ANH ANH causes natriuresis and vasodilation HTN HF
62
What is valsartan(Diovan)? indication?
ARB HF HTN
63
What is dofetilide(Tikosyn) indicated for?
Cardiac arrhythmia
64
What is sotalol(Betapace) indicated for?
Cardiac arrhythmia
65
What is verapamil(Calan) indicated for?
Cardiac arrhythmia
66
What is alteplase(Activase)? MOA? Indication?
Fibrinolytic/clot buster Activates plasminogen to dissolve clots MI Ischemic stroke
67
What is aspirin? Indication?
Cox inhibitor/blood thinner MI
68
What is clopidogrel(Plavix)? MOA? Indication?
Blood thinner P2Y12(ADP) antagonist MI stroke Angioplasty
69
What is dabigatran(Pradaxa)?Indication?
Direct thrombin inhibitor Thromboembolism prevention A fib VTE prevention
70
What is enoxaparin(Lovenox)? MOA? Indication?
LMW Heparin Antithrombin 3 agonist to prevent clotting cascade VTE prevention Stasis of blood MI Angioplasty
71
What is eptifibatide(Integrilin)? MOA? Indication?
Blood thinner GP2b/3a(fibrinogen) antagonist MI Angioplasty
72
What is fondaparinux(Arixtra)? Indication?
Direct factor 10a inhibitors Prevention and Tx of VTE
73
What is warfarin(Coumadin) MOA? Indication?
Vitamin K antagonist Heart valve issues Tx and prevention of VTE Afib issues Long term anticoagulant therapy
74
What is atorvastatin(Lipitor)? MOA? Indication?
Statin HMG-CoA reductive inhibitor...blocks production of cholesterol Hyperlipidemia Atherosclerosis Stroke
75
What is cholestyramine(Questran)?
Bile acid sequestrant Binds to bile acid to excrete bile from the body, thus causing an increase in bile production to use more cholesterol Hypercholesteremia Atherosclerosis CAD
76
What is the Niacin(Nicobid,Niacor)? MOA? Indication?
Nicotinic acid Inhibits cholesterol production in liver Hypercholesterolemia Atherosclerosis Stroke CAD
77
What is simvastatin(Zicor)? MOA? Indication?
Statin HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor Hypercholesterolemia Atherosclerosis CAD Stroke
78
What is furosemide(Lasix)? MOA? Indication?
Loop diuretic Blocks Na/K/2Cl symporter on ascending loop ``` HTN HF Liver disease Glaucoma Nephritis ```
79
What is hydrochlorothiazide(HydroDIURIL)? MOA? Indication?
Thiazide Blocks Na/Cl symporter on DCT Osteoporosis HTN
80
What is mannitol(Osmitrol)? MOA? Indication?
Osmotic diuretic Draws water into renal lumen to be peed out Increased intracranial pressure Cerebral edema Glaucoma
81
What is spironolactone(Aldactone)? MOA? Indication?
K+ sparing diuretic Blocks aldosterone receptor HTN Edema Hyperaldosteronism
82
What is fludrocortisone(florinef)? MOA? Indication?
Adrenal drug- Mineralcorticoid Aldosterone activity(Na+ reabsorbed) Hypoaldosteronism Addison’s disease Adrenalectomy
83
What is methylprednisolone(Solu-Medrol)? MOA? indication?
Adrenal drug-glucocorticoid Blocks PLA2 Anti inflammatory Immunosuppressant Allergy conditions Prevent organ rejection
84
What is prednisone? MOA? Indication?
Adrenal drug-glucocorticoid Blocks PLA2 Anti inflammatory Immunosuppressant Allergy conditions Prevent organ rejection
85
What is alendronate(Fosamax)? MOA? Indications?
Anti-osteoporosis drug, bisphosphonates Binds to Ca+ then kills osteoclasts Osteoporosis Paget’s disease Corticosteroids induced osteoporosis
86
What is dinoprostone(Prostin E2,Cervidil,Prepidil)? indication?
Prostaglandin E2 Induction of labor cervical ripening
87
What is estrogen used for(7)?
``` Atrophic vaginitis Hypogonadism OCP Uterine bleeding Osteoporosis Hot flashes Ovary removal ```
88
What is medroxyprogesterone(Provera,Depo-provera)? MOA? Indication?
Progestin Prevents follicular maturation ``` Amenorrhea Uterine bleeding OCP miscarriage Cancer PSM Sx ```
89
What is methylergonovine(Methergine)? Indication?
Oxytocics ergot derivative Start contractions Postpartum hemorrhage
90
What is sildenafil(Viagra)? Indication? Contra?
PDE5 inhibitor ED don’t take with nitroglycerin
91
What is testosterone(Androderm)? Contraindication?
Androgen hormone Don’t take w/ nitroglycerin
92
What is dextromethorphan? MOA?
Mild opioid agonist Antitussive/cough suppressant
93
Why is diphenahydramine(Benadryl)? Indication?
H1 antihistamine Allergies
94
What is Guaifenesin(Mucinex)? MOA?
Anticongestant Thin mucus in respiratory tract
95
What is loratadine(Claritin)? Indication?
H1 antihistamine Allergic rhinitis Hives
96
What is albuterol? Indication?
SABA Acute asthma
97
What is montelukast(Singulair)? Indication?
LTRA(leukotriene receptor antagonist) Prophylactic Tx for asthma
98
What is salmeterol(Serevent diskus)? Indication?
LABA Asthma COPD
99
All drugs that Tx viral infections have what in their name?
-vir
100
What is acyclovir(Zovirax) indicated for?
Viral infection
101
What is ganciclovir(cytovene) indicated for?
Viral infection
102
What is nevirapine(Viramune) Indicated for?
viral infection
103
What is zidovudine(Retrovir) indicated for?
Viral infection
104
What is azathioprine(Imuran) indicated for?
Prevention of kidney rejection
105
What is cyclosporine(Sandimmune) indicated for?
Prevention of kidney, heart and liver rejection
106
What is mycophenolate mofetil(Cellcept,Myfortic) indicated for?
Prevent kidney, heart and liver rejection
107
What is cimetidine(Tagamet)? MOA?Indication?
H2 inhibitor Decreases acid production in stomach GERD ulcers Dyspepsia heartburn
108
What is famotidine(Pepcid)? MOA? Indication?
H2 inhibitor Decreases acid production in stomach GERD ulcers Dyspepsia heartburn
109
What is omeprazole(Prilosec)? MOA? Indication?
PPI Inhibits proton pump to Decrease acid production in stomach GERD ulcers Dyspepsia heartburn
110
What is sucralfate(Carafate)? MOA? Indication?
Barrier enhancing drug Binds to damaged mucosa and acts like band aid Duodenal ulcers
111
What is diphenoxylate/atropine(Lomotil,Lonox)? MOA? Indication?
Opioid derivative Mu agonist=decrease peristalsis Delta agonist=decrease secretions Travelers diarrhea
112
What is docusate salts(Colace)? MOA? Indication?
Emollient/softeners Allows water to penetrate through fecal mass to ease passage thru rectum Constipation
113
What is glycerin? Indication?
Hyperosmotic Constipation
114
What is lactobacillus(bacid)? Indication?
Probiotic Diarrhea
115
What is lactulose(enulose)? Indication?
Osmotic laxative Constipation Hepatic encephalopathy
116
What is loperimide(Immodium A-D)? MOA? Indication?
Opioid derivative Mu agonist=decrease peristalsis Delta agonist=decrease secretions Diarrhea
117
What is psylluim(Metamucil)? MOA? Indication?
Bulk forming laxative Soaks up water to put pressure on GI walls to increase peristalsis movement Constipation
118
What is senna(senakot)? MOA? Indication?
Stimulant laxative Release histamine to increase peristaltic movement Constipation
119
What is meclizine(Antivert)? indication?
Antiemetic H-1 antagonist N/V Motion sickness
120
What is metoclopramide(Reglan)? Indication?
D2 antagonist Antiemetic
121
What is odandetron(Zolfran)? Indication?
5HT antagonist Antiemetic PONV pregnancy N/V Chemo
122
What is prochlorperazine(Compazine)? Indication?
Antidopaminergic Emesis Schizophrenia
123
What is magnesium indicated for(5)?
``` Seizures Eclampsia Tocolytic Cardiac arrhythmia Constipation ```
124
What is epoetin alpha(Epogen, procrit)? Indication?
synthetic EPO...increases blood synthesis Anemia
125
What is ferrous sulfate indicated for?
Iron deficiency
126
How does low folic acid effect baby in pregnancy?
Low folate=developmental defects in babies neurons
127
What is bacitracin indicated for? Bacitracin(AK-tracin) indication?
Skin infection Eye infections
128
What is benzoyl peroxide indicated for?
Acne
129
What is clotrimazole(Lotrimin,mycelex)? MOA? Indication?
Azole Inhibits 14alpha-demethylase to prevent egosterol production Thrush Candidiasis infections
130
What is isotretinion(ammesteem,Claris,sotret) indicated for?
Acne
131
What is pimecrolimus(Elidel) indicated for?
Atopic dermatitis
132
What is silver sulfadiazine(silvadene) indicated for?
Prevention of infection after burns
133
What is artificial tears indicated for?
Lubrications in eyes
134
What is atropine sulfate(isopropyl atropine) indicated for?
Cardiac arrest
135
What is dexamethasone(decadron) indicated for?
Inflammation of eye structures Uveitis Allergies Burns
136
What is dipivefrin(Trusopt) indicated for? MOA?
Open-angle glaucoma Decrease AH production via vasoconstriction
137
What is dorzolamide(Trusopt)? Indication?
Carbonic anhydride inhibitor Glaucoma
138
What is echothiophate(phospholine iodide)? MOA? Indication?
AChesterase inhibitor Causes pupil construction which allows AH to drain better Glaucoma
139
What is pilocarpine(Pilocar)? Indication?
Cholinergic Glaucoma
140
What is timolol(timoptic) indicated for?
Glaucoma
141
What are the different types of antibiotics used for bacterial ocular infections(4)?
Bacitracin(AK-tracin) Ciprofloxacin(ciloxan) Erythromycin Gentamicin(Garamycin)

Pharmacology (27 decks)

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