Test 3 Drugs Flashcards
(101 cards)
1
Q
What is Benazepril(Lotensin)?
A
ACEI
2
Q
What is captopril(capten)?
A
ACEI
3
Q
What is enalapril(vasotec)?
A
ACEI
4
Q
What is lisinopril(Prinivil)?
A
ACEI
5
Q
What is Quinipril(Accupril)?
A
ACEI
6
Q
What is Ramipril(Altace)?
A
ACEI
7
Q
What is icatibant(Firazyr) MOA? What is the condition it is commonly used against?
A
Blocks bradykinin B2 receptors
Used against Hereditary angioedema (HAE)
8
Q
What is losartan(Cozaar)?
A
ARB
9
Q
What is eprosartan(Teveten)?
A
ARB
10
Q
What is valsartan(Diovan)?
A
ARB
11
Q
What is irbesartan(Avapro)?
A
ARB
12
Q
What is candesartan(Atacand)?
A
ARB
13
Q
What is olmesartan(Benicar)?
A
ARB
14
Q
What is telmisartan(Micardis)?
A
ARB
15
Q
What is azilsartan(Edarbi)?
A
ARB
16
Q
What is aliskiren(Tekturna)?
A
Renin inhibitor
17
Q
What is Clonidine(Catapress)? What is it’s MOA?
A
Central acting sympatholytic
Stimulates alpha 2 receptors which decreases NE release which causes vasodilation
18
Q
What is doxazosin(Cardura)? What does it cause?
A
Alpha blocker
Vasodilation
19
Q
What is prazosin(Minipress)? What does it cause?
A
Alpha blocker
Vasodilation
20
Q
What is Terazosin(Hytin)? What does it do?
A
Alpha blocker
Vasodilation
21
Q
What is atenolol(Tenormin)?
A
Selective beta 1 blocker
22
Q
What is metoprolol(Lopressor)?
A
Selective beta 1 blocker
23
Q
What is esmolol(Brevibloc)?
A
Selective beta 1 blocker
24
Q
What is bisoprolol(Monocor)?
A
selective beta 1 blocker
25
What is propranolol(inderal)? What is a contraindication for this specific drug?
Blocks beta 1 and beta 2 receptors
Contraindicated for asthmatic pts
26
What is carvedilol(Coreg)?
Alpha 1 and beta 1 blocker
27
what is labetalol(trandate)?
Alpha 1 and beta 1 blocker
28
What is diltiazem(Cardizem)? What is it’s MOA?
Nondihydropyridine-CCB
Vasodilator
Negative inotropic effect
Negative chronotropic effect
29
What is verapamil(Calan)? What is it’s MOA?
Nondihydropyridine-CCB
Vasodilator
Negative inotropic effect
Negative chronotropic effect
30
What is amlodipine(Norvasc)? What is it’s MOA?
Dihydropyridine
Vasodilator
31
What is nocardipine(Cardene)?
Dihydropyridine
Vasodilator
32
What is nifedipine(Procardia)?
Dihydropyridine
Vasodilator
33
What is nesiritide(Natrecor)? What route is it given in? Is it given in the USA?
Synthetic ANH
IV
no longer available in US
34
What is diazoxide(Hyperstat)? Route? When is it used?
Vaso and artery dilator
Oral
Given in HTN emergencies
35
What is nitroprusside(Nitropress)? Route? When is it used?
Vaso and artery dilator
IV
Given during HTN emergencies
36
What is Epleronone(Inspra)? What organs does it act on?
Selective aldosterone blocker
Kidneys
Heart
Vessels
Brain
37
What is bosentan(Tracleer)? Route? When is it used?
Endothelin blocker
Oral
Given for pulmonary HTN and severe HF
38
What is mannitol(Osmitrol)? Route and why? MOA?
Osmotic diuretic
Given IV because it can’t cross membranes
Filtered but not reabsorbed to draw water into urine
39
What is Acetazolamide(Diamox)? What are the 3 things it is indicated for?
CA inhibitor
Glaucoma
Seizures
Acute mtn sickness
40
What is hydrochlorothiazide(Esidrix, hydroDIURIL)? What is it’s MOA?
Thiazide diuretic
Blocks Na/Cl cotransporter
41
What is chlorothiazide(Diuril)? MOA?
Thiazide diuretic
Blocks Na/Cl cotransporter
42
What is metolazone(Mykrox, Zaroxolyn)? MOA?
Thiazide like diuretics
Blocks Na/Cl cotransporter
43
What is chlorthalidone(Hydone, Thalitone)? MOA?
Thiazide like diuretic
Blocks Na/Cl cotransporter
44
What is indapamide(Lozol)? MOA?
Thiazide like diuretics
Blocks Na/Cl cotransporter
45
What is forosemide(Lasix)? MOA?
Loop diuretics
Blocks Na/K/2Cl Cotransporter
46
What is torsemide(Demedex)? MOA?
Loop diuretic
Blocks Na/K/2Cl Cotransporter
47
What is bumetanide(Bumex)? MOA?
Loop diuretic
Blocks Na/K/2Cl Cotransporter
48
What is ethacrynic acid(Edecrin)? MOA?
Loop diuretic
Blocks Na/K/2Cl Cotransporter
49
What is spirolactone(Aldactone)? MOA? What can it cause in men?
K+ sparing diuretic
Blocks aldosterone receptors to keep K+ in blood
Gynecomastia-enlargement of breasts in males
50
What is eplerenone(Inspra)? MOA?
K+ sparing diuretic
Blocks aldosterone receptors to keep K+ in blood
51
What is triamterene(Dyrenium)? MOA?
K+ sparing diuretic
Blocks ENaC
52
What is amiloride(Midamor)? MOA?
K+ sparing diuretics
Blocks ENaC
53
What kind of diuretic is caffeine considered? MOA?
Xanthene derivative
Increase blood flow to kidneys and GFR
54
What is conivaptan(Vaprisol)? MOA?
ADH antagonist
Blocks v-2 receptor so ADH can’t make aquaporin 2 channels to reabsorb water
55
What drugs are used to Tx angina?
Nitrates
Beta blockers
Calcium channel blockers (CCB)
56
What is nitrostat? Route? what is the onset time? Preventative Rx or Tx for attack Rx?
Nitroglycerin
SL
Quick onset
Used for Tx of acute attack
57
What is nitrobid ointment? Route and where is it given? What time is it given at? Prevention Rx or Tx for attack Rx?
Nitroglycerin
Ointment is put on chest and abdomen
Put on in morning and then 6 hrs later
Prevention Rx
58
What is transderm-nitro? Route? Route and where? Preventative Rx or Tx attack Rx?
Nitroglycerin
Transdermal patch placed on upper arms or torso
Preventative Rx
59
What is nitroligual? Route? Onset time? Preventative Rx or Tx of acute attack?
Nitroglycerin
Pump spray
Quick onset
Tx for acute attack
60
What are the beta blocker used for angina? Selective? Non-selective?
Selective beta 1 blockers
- atenolol(Tenormin)
- metoprolol(Lopressor, Toprol XL)
Non selective beta 1 and 2 blockers
-propranolol(Inderal)
61
What are the nondihydropyridines CCBs that are used for angina?
Verapamil(Calan)
| Diltiazem(Cardizem)
62
What are the 4 dihydropyridines CCBs used for angina? What is the MOA? What does it mostly effect?
Amlodipine(Norvasc)
Felodipine (Plendil)
Isradipine(Dynacirc)
nifedipine(Procardia)
Blocks influx of Ca2+ in SM to cause vasodilation, mostly effecting arteries
63
What is the preferred therapy for a pt w/ exertional angina? Pt w/ angina and HTN?
SL nitrate
Nitrate spray
CCB or beta blocker
64
What is the preferred therapy for a pt w/ variant angina? What is used if the first doesn’t work?
CCB
nitrate
65
What is the preferred therapy for a pt w/unstable angina?
Anticoagulant therapy
All drugs
Carry nitroglycerin
66
What is Ranolazine(Ranexa) MOA? What type of pts is it used for? What effect does it have on EKG reading? Route
Blocks Na from coming into cardio myocyte
For pts that have no effect from other anti angina drug therapy
Prolongs the QT interval
Oral
67
What is ivabridine(Corlanor) MOA? What is it indicated flr
Inhibits/slows funny channels in SA node to decrease HR
Indicated for tachycardia pts on beta blockers but having no effect
68
What is dapagliflozin?
SGLT2 inhibitor
69
What is empagliflozin?
SGLT2 inhibitor
70
When are cardiac glycosides used?
When other drugs for HF don’t work for the pt
71
What is hydrochlorothiazide( Hydrodiuril) specifically used for?
Acute HF
72
What is chlorthalidone(Hygroton) specifically used for?
Acute HF
73
What is furosemide(Lasix) specifically used for?
Acute HF
74
What is spironolactone(aldactone) specifically used for?
Acute HF
75
Why are k+ sparing diuretics often combined w/ thiazide and loop diuretics?
Because thiazide and loop diuretics help keep the K+ levels down
76
What is hydralazine(Apresoline)?
Arterial dilator
77
What is isosorbide dinitrate(Isordil)? What type of pts is it specifically for?
Venodilator
For African Americans
78
What does nitroglycerin cause to vessels? What effect does it have on preload or afterload?
Venodilator
Decreases preload and afterload
79
What are the 5 effects of AT-2?
```
Vasoconstriction
Increase ADH
Increase Aldosterone
Increase salt and H2O appetite
Increase cardiac remodeling
```
80
What are the preferred beta-blockers for HF? At what dose are the regularly given at?
Metoprolol
Carvedilol
Low dose
81
What is Hydralazine/isosorbide dinitrate (BiDil)? What race is it specifically for?
Miscellaneous drug to Tx HF
African Americans
82
What is milrinone(Primacor)? MOA? Indication?
Miscellaneous drugs to Tx
Inhibits PDE3 which causes Inodilation effect
Short term management of HF
83
What is dobutamine? What does it cause? What receptor does it stimulate?
Miscellaneous drugs to Tx HF
Increases SV which increases CO
Beta 1 receptors
84
What does inodilation mean?
SM dilation w/ positive inotropic effect
85
What sacubitril/valsartan(Entresto)? What effect does each have? Why is this drug so beneficial?
ARNi drug
Sacubitril-neprilysin inhibitor
Valsartan-ARB
Promoters reverse remodeling
86
What are the BNP, bradykinin and AT-2 levels w/ Neprilysin inhibitor?
Increased BNP
increased bradykinin
Increased AT-2
87
What is sacubitril?
Neprilysin inhibitor
88
What is valsartan?
ARB
89
How is sacubitril/valsartan(Entresto) take? Indications?
P.O. BID
systolic HF
90
What are the contraindications of sacubitril/valsartan(Entresto)?
- angioedema
- pregnancy/lactation
- hypotension
- hyperkalemia
- decreased kidney function
91
What is digoxin(Lanoxin)? MOA? Indications? Effects on heart?
Cardiac glycosides
Blocks Na/K pump which increases Ca2+ in the myocardiocytes
HF and A-fib
Positive inotropic effect
Negative chronotropic effect
92
Why does digoxin(Lanoxin) cause a negative chronotropic effect?
Because it stimulates the vagus nerve which has increased parasympathetic nerves making the HR decrease
93
What way provides the strongest effect of digoxin(Lanoxin)?
Giving a does w/ digitalization and then maintenance
94
What can increase the effect of digoxin(Lanoxin)?
Hypokalemia
| Hypercalcemia
95
What is Digoxin Immune Fab(Digibind)? Route?
Antidote for digoxin overdose
Given IV
96
What is the preferred therapy for mild CHF?
Decrease Na intake
| Diuretics
97
What is the preferred therapy if CHF becomes severe?
ACEIs and ARBs
98
If tachycardia is present w/ HF what is the preferred therapy?
Low-dose beta-blockers
99
What is the preferred therapy when diuretics and vasodilators don’t work?
Digoxin(Lanoxin)
100
What drug is best to use for preferred therapy of CHF? Why?
Sacubitril/valsartan(Entresto)
Because it has positive outcomes of reversing cardiac remodeling
101
When should HF drugs be withheld from a pt?
```
<60HR
>100HR
Anorexia
N/V
Diarrhea
Visual disturbances
```
