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Bowel Disorder Drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two different types of diarrhea? What 2 things does it cause you to lose?

A

Acute
Chronic

Water
Electrolytes

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2
Q

What can cause diarrhea(6)?

A 
Microbes
Osmotics
Drugs
Tumors
Hyperthyroid
IBS-D
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3
Q

How do microbes cause diarrhea?

A

They increase inflammation which increases gut motility

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4
Q

What is an example of an osmotic that causes diarrhea? What pulls water into lumen?

A

Lactose intolerance

Disaccharide pulls water w/ it

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5
Q

What drugs cause diarrhea?

A

Cholinergics

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6
Q

What type of lifestyle actions can cause diarrhea?

A

Drinking contaminated water (poor dietary habits)

Emotional stress

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7
Q

What are the 3 drug classes that Tx simple diarrhea?

A

Adsorbents/bulk forming agents
Anticholinergics
Opioid derivatives

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8
Q

What is the MOA of adsorbents?

A

Adsorbent forms complex w/ water and irritating bacteria to get pooped out

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9
Q

What are adsorbents indicated for?

A

Diarrhea

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10
Q

What is bismuth subsalicylate(Pepto-Bismol)? Is it used to directly Tx or prophylactically? What 2 things does it do to bacteria?

A

Adsorbent

Prophylactically for travelers

  1. prevents bacteria attachment
  2. lysis of bacteria
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11
Q

What are the 3 drug classes that are considered antimotility drugs?

A

Anticholinergics
5HT3 antagonists
Opioids

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12
Q

What neurotransmitters increase gut motility?

A

ACh

5HT

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13
Q

What is paregoric(opium tincture)? Indication?

A

Opiate

Diarrhea

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14
Q

What is 3 others words for tincture?

A

Alcohol
Elixir
Spirit

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15
Q

What is the MOA of opioids for Tx diarrhea?

A

Activated Mu receptors in large intestine which decreases peristalsis

Activates delta receptors in the large intestine which decreases secretions

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16
Q

What is loperamide(Immodium A-D)? Indication? OTC or Rx?

A

Opioid derivative

Diarrhea

OTC

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17
Q

What is diphenoxylate/atropine(Lonox,Lomotil)? What types of drugs are each of them? Indication? OTC or Rx?

A

Opioid derivative

Atropine-Anticholinergic
Diphenoxylate-opioid

Travelers diarrhea

Rx

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18
Q

What is a high dose of 5HT-3 antagonist used for? Low dose?

A

Tx diarrhea

Tx N/V

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19
Q

What is alosetron(Lotronex)? Route? Indication, specifically what gender? ADR?

A

5HT-3 antagonist

Oral

IBS-D especially in women

Ischemic colitis
Constipation

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20
Q

Why does 5HT-3 cause ischemic colitis?

A

Because it decreases the blood supply to the GI

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21
Q

What is a cathartic?

A

Strong laxative

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22
Q

What are laxatives/cathartics indicated for?

A

Constipation
Parasite infection
Cleanse before surgery or exam
Prevent straining

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23
Q

What can straining when going to the bathroom possibly cause?

Study These Flashcards
A

MI
hernia
Hemorrhoids

24
Q

What 6 drugs can cause constipation?

Study These Flashcards
A 
Analgesics
Anticholinergics
Al3+ antacids
Ca2+ antacids
Opioids
CCB
25
What lifestyle habits can cause constipation?
Holding you poop in Low water Low fiber Lack of exercise
26
What conditions can cause constipation?
``` Hypothyroidism Pregnancy Hyperglycemia MS PD ```
27
What condition can be caused if a pt has little fiber?
Diverticulitis
28
What are 4 good sources of fiber?
Fruits Veggies Unprocessed grains Metamucil
29
What are the different drug classes to Tx constipation?
``` Stimulants Swelling agents/bulk Osmotic (saline) laxative Emollients/softeners chloride channel activators Peripheral Mu-opioid antagonists ```
30
MOA of stimulant laxatives?
Irritates the mucosal lining which causes the lining to increase histamine release which causes contraction to increase gut motility
31
What is senna(Senekot)?
Stimulant laxative
32
What is bisacodyl(Dulcolax)?
Stimulant laxative
33
What is the MOA of a swelling agent/bulk forming laxative?
Soaks up water which puts pressure on wall of bowel to increase gut motility
34
What is methylcellulose(Citrucel)?
Swelling agent/bulk forming laxative
35
What is psyllium(Metamucil)?
Swelling agent/ bulk forming laxative
36
What is the MOA of an Osmotic(saline) laxative?
Draws water into lumen of intestine
37
What is lactulose(Enulose)? How does it attract water?
Osmotic(saline) laxative Sugar and sodium attracts the water
38
What is magnesium hydroxide(Milk Of Magnesium)?
Osmotic(saline) laxative
39
What is magnesium citrate?
Osmotic(saline) laxative
40
What is sodium phosphate(fleet enema)?
Osmotic(saline) laxative
41
What is PEG(Golytely, Nulytely, Miralax)? What is the solution made up of? Indication?
Osmotic(saline) laxative Non-absorbable sodium Bowel cleanse for colonoscopy
42
What is lactulose? What does it get rid of and how? Indication?
Osmotic(saline) laxative Gets rid of NH3 by lowering the pH of the colon contents Hepatic encephalopathy
43
What is the 2 MOA of Emollients/softeners?
Allows water to penetrate fecal mass | Lubricates passage through rectum
44
What is Docusate calcium(Surfak)?
Emollients/softeners
45
What is Docusate sodium(Colace)?
Emollients/softeners
46
What is the MOA of chloride channel activators? Indication?
Activates Cl transporters so Cl- can enter lumen for water to follow IBS-C Chronic idiopathic constipation
47
What is lubiprostone(Amitiza)?
Chloride channel activator
48
What is linaclotide(Linzess)?
Chloride channel activators
49
What is the MOA of Mu-antagonist drugs?
Blocks Mu receptors to increase peristalsis
50
What is methylnaltrexone bromide(Relistor)? Indication? Route and time? Effect on CNS?
Mu-antagonist Opioid induced constipation SC Q daily (QD) No effect on CNS
51
What is Alvimopan(Enterig)? Route? Indication?
Mu-antagonist oral Postoperative ileus
52
What is cathartic colon? What must a pt used to go to the bathroom?
Loss of bowel tone Must use cathartic to cause bowel movement
53
What Sx should a pt stop taking a laxative or cathartic?
N/V | Abdominal pain
54
What should be used as an alternative to laxative?
High fiber diet | Increased fluids
55
What can cause dependency on laxatives and decreased bowel tone?
Long term use of laxatives
56
What should bisacodyl be given with? What does bisacodyl interact with?
Water Milk Antacids Juices

Pharmacology (27 decks)

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