Adaptive Immunity

Question 1

what are the 2 major APCs in the innate immune system?

Answer 1

macrophages and dendritic cells

Question 2

what are the 2 major cell types of the adaptive immune system?

Answer 2

B and T cells

Question 3

where are lymphocytes (B and T cells) primarily found?

Answer 3

lymph nodes

Question 4

are NK cells part of the innate or adaptive?

Answer 4

innate

Question 5

this part of the immune system recognizes PAMPs and is nonspecific

Answer 5

innate

Question 6

this part of the immune system recognizes antigens and is specific

Answer 6

adaptive

Question 7

this term refers to the fact that subsequent exposures to a pathogen are faster and more intense upon repeated exposure

Answer 7

memory

Question 8

this adaptive strategy kills free-floating pathogens

Answer 8

humoral

Question 9

this adaptive strategy kills pathogens hiding inside cells

Answer 9

cell mediated

Question 10

what is the major cell type responsible for the adaptive cell mediated strategy?

Answer 10

CD-8 cytotoxic t cells

Question 11

this process ensures B and T cells can distinguish self from non-self

Answer 11

negative selection

Question 12

where do B cells go through negative selection?

Answer 12

bone marrow

Question 13

where do T cells go through negative selection?

Answer 13

thymus

Question 14

this region of Ig is what is continuously altered to detect pathogenic antigens

Answer 14

variable region

Question 15

these are described as anything that induces an immune response

Answer 15

antigens

Question 16

this is a specific part of the antigen that the immune system recognizes

Answer 16

epitope

Question 17

many epitopes on a single antigen is referred to as…

Answer 17

polyclonal

Question 18

where do APCs present antigens?

Answer 18

MHC-2 molecules on their cell surface

Question 19

what type of t cell recognizes MHC-2 receptors?

Answer 19

CD-4 helper t cells
(happens in lymph nodes)

Question 20

what do CD-4 helper t cells release once stimulated by MHC-2 receptors?

Answer 20

cytokines that stimulate B cells and CD-8 t cells

Question 21

true or false- B cells engulf and present antigens on their MHC-2 but have to be activated by CD-4 helper T cells before releasing antibodies

Answer 21

true

Question 22

B cells turn into _______ cells and release _______

Answer 22

plasma
antibodies

Question 23

what type of cell activates B cells?

Answer 23

CD-4 helper T cells

Question 24

some activated B cells become plasma cells and _______ cells

Answer 24

memory

Question 25

this immune response takes 10-17 days after exposure and antigen- selected B and T cells proliferate and differentiate into effector cells

Answer 25

primary response

Question 26

this immune response takes 2-7 days to occur and occurs due to memory cells

Answer 26

secondary immune response

Question 27

vaccines produce what kind of immune response?

Answer 27

primary

Question 28

all nucleated cells express this receptor

Answer 28

MHC-1

Question 29

what do nucleated cells present on their MHC-1 receptor?

Answer 29

protein fragments

Question 30

what type of T cell recognizes MHC-1?

Answer 30

CD-8 cytotoxic T cells

Question 31

after activation, some CD-8 cytotoxic T cells will clone itself, and some will form _______ T cells

Answer 31

memory

Question 32

_____ cells recognize cells that lack MHC-1 markers

Answer 32

natural killer cells

Question 33

what are 4 major functions of anitbodies?

Answer 33

1- opsonization for phagocytosis 2- triggers allergic response 3- activates complement 4- clumping and inactivation of bacterial toxins

Question 34

these are the most abundant antibody and are in immune response to viruses and vaccines

Answer 34

IgG

Question 35

this antibody circulates in body fluids and causes agglutination (clumping of blood), it does not cross placenta

Answer 35

IgM

Question 36

this antibody circulates in body fluids and crosses blood vessels and the placenta

Answer 36

IgG

Question 37

this antibody is found in secretions on mucous membranes

Answer 37

IgA

Question 38

this antibody is found on the surface of B cells and acts as an antigen receptor

Answer 38

IgD

Question 39

this antibody is found on mast cells within tissues and triggers inflammation (allergies)

Answer 39

IgE

Question 40

this is excessive or inappropriate activation of the immune response

Answer 40

immune hypersensitivity

Question 41

this type of hypersensitivity is immediate

Answer 41

type 1

Question 42

this type of hypersensitivity is antibody-mediated and tissue specific

Answer 42

type 2

Question 43

this type of hypersensitivity is immune complex mediated in circulation

Answer 43

type 3

Question 44

this type of hypersensitivity is cell mediated/ delayed

Answer 44

type 4