Neurophysiology

Question 1

these cells support and protect neurons

Answer 1

neuroglia

Question 2

these are nerve cells that receive stimuli and transmit APs

Answer 2

neurons

Question 3

protuberance where axons synapse with dendrites

Answer 3

dendritic spines

Question 4

these hold neurotransmitters at the axon terminal

Answer 4

synaptic vesicles

Question 5

AP moving toward CNS

Answer 5

afferent (sensory)

Question 6

AP moving away from CNS

Answer 6

efferent (motor)

Question 7

neurons within the CNS that transmit AP from one neuron to another

Answer 7

interneurons

Question 8

type of neuron that includes motor neurons and most neurons in CNS

Answer 8

multipolar

Question 9

type of neuron that includes sensory neurons in the retina and in the nose

Answer 9

bipolar

Question 10

type of neuron that has single process that divides into two branches and the part that extends to the periphery has dendrite-like sensory receptors

Answer 10

unipolar

Question 11

this type of matter is unmyelinated axons, cell bodies, dendrites, and neuroglia

Answer 11

gray matter

Question 12

this type of matter includes myelinated axons

Answer 12

white matter

Question 13

organization of matter in the brain

Answer 13

gray on outside, white deeper

Question 14

organization of matter in the spinal cord

Answer 14

white on outside, gray deeper

Question 15

groups of cell bodies in PNS (gray matter)

Answer 15

ganglia

Question 16

myelin in PNS

Answer 16

Schwann Cells

Question 17

myelin in CNS

Answer 17

oligodendrocytes

Question 18

what are 4 glial cells in the CNS

Answer 18

astrocytes
microglia
oligodendrocytes
ependymal cells

Question 19

support cells that control extracellular environment of neurons; regulates BBB

Answer 19

astrocytes

Question 20

“immune system” of CNS, removes cellular debris

Answer 20

microglia

Question 21

responsible for myelin in CNS

Answer 21

oligodendrocytes

Question 22

this type of glial cell is involved with production of CSF and is cilliated

Answer 22

ependymal cells

Question 23

are glial cells able to divide?

Answer 23

yes

Question 24

which lobe of the brain gives us the ability to plan?

Answer 24

frontal lobe

Question 25

this part of the brainstem is the most inferior part and has ascending and descending tracts

Answer 25

medulla

Question 26

what functions does the medulla regulate?

Answer 26

heart rate, blood vessel diameter, respirations vomiting, hiccuping, coughing, sneezing

Question 27

this part of the medulla is primarily conscious motor control and is where fibers decussate

Answer 27

pyramids

Question 28

this part of the medulla is responsible for balance and coordination

Answer 28

olives

Question 29

this part of the brainstem is superior to the medulla, has ascending and descending tracts, relays info between the cerebrum and cerebellum, and plays a role in repiration

Answer 29

pons

Question 30

this part of the brainstem contains the tectum and the tegmentum

Answer 30

midbrain/ mesencephalon

Question 31

this part of the midbrain is involved in visual and hearing reflexes

Answer 31

tectum

Question 32

this part of the midbrain contains red nuclei and the substantia nigra

Answer 32

tegmentum

Question 33

this part of the tegmentum in the midbrain aids in unconscious regulation and coordination of motor activity

Answer 33

red nuclei

Question 34

this part of the tegmentum in the midbrain aids in movement, reward, and addiction *think dopamine

Answer 34

substantia nigra

Question 35

this part of the brain is the major hub of sensory information

Answer 35

thalamus

Question 36

sensory information synapses here before projecting to the cerebrum

Answer 36

thalamus

Question 37

ventral anterior and ventral lateral nuclei in the thalamus function

Answer 37

motor function

Question 38

anterior and medial nuclei of thalamus (+connection to limbic system) is involved in...

Answer 38

mood modification

Question 39

lateral and dorsal nucleus of thalamus is involved in what?

Answer 39

emotion regulation

Question 40

lateral posterior and pulvinar nuclei of thalamus are involved in what integration?

Answer 40

sensory integration

Question 41

this brain area is involved in temperature regulation, hunger/thirst, and the sleep wake cycle

Answer 41

hypothalamus

Question 42

the _______ activates the pituitary gland

Answer 42

hypothalamus

Question 43

this part of the brain is the white matter between the cortex and inner structures and nuclei

Answer 43

cerebral medulla

Question 44

this part of the brain contains tracts for communication between the hemispheres

Answer 44

corpus callosum

Question 45

this brain structure is involved in locomotion, balance, automatic behaviors and posture

Answer 45

cerebellum

Question 46

this structure is found in the cerebrum, diencephalon and midbrain and is involved in motor function control

Answer 46

basal nuclei

Question 47

this is a collection of structures involved in emotions and memory

Answer 47

limbic system

Question 48

this structure of the limbic system involves threats and anger

Answer 48

amygdala

Question 49

this part of the limbic system is involved in memory

Answer 49

hippocampus

Question 50

this is a bundle of axons that connect the CNS to sensory receptors, muscles, and glands

Answer 50

nerve

Question 51

extensive network of axons (sometimes cell bodies too) located outside CNS

Answer 51

plexus

Question 52

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there

Answer 52

31