Vessels and Blood Flow

Question 1

explain the flow of blood through the heart

Answer 1

RA
tricuspid valve
RV
pulmonary SL valve
pulmonary arteries
lungs
pulmonary veins
LA
mitral valve
LA
aortic SL valve
body

Question 2

what is the function of heart valves?

Answer 2

ensure one way flow of blood

Question 3

what are the two loops in the cardiovascular system?

Answer 3

systemic and pulmonary

Question 4

this loop carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs and back to the heart

Answer 4

pulmonary

Question 5

this loop carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body

Answer 5

systemic

Question 6

is the cardiac system open or closed?

Answer 6

closed

Question 7

are the pulmonary and systemic loops in series or in parallel?

Answer 7

in series

Question 8

is systemic flow in series or in parallel?

Answer 8

in parallel

Question 9

_______ (series or parallel) distribution to organ systems varies with demand

Answer 9

parallel

Question 10

what are the 2 types of arteries?

Answer 10

elastic
muscular

Question 11

these are the smallest type of artery that supplies capillaries

Answer 11

arterioles

Question 12

this type of vessel is where exchange occurs with tissues

Answer 12

capillaries

Question 13

these are the smallest veins and they receive blood from capillaries

Answer 13

venules

Question 14

these vessels have thinner walls than arteries, contain less elastic tissue and fewer smooth muscle cells

Answer 14

veins

Question 15

these 2 types of vessel contains elastic tissue, smooth muscle, endothelium and fibrous tissue

Answer 15

artery
vein

Question 16

this type of vessel contains smooth muscle and endothelium only

Answer 16

arteriole

Question 17

this type of vessel contains only endothelium

Answer 17

capillary

Question 18

in what type of vessel is blood flow slowest?

Answer 18

capillaries

Question 19

does blood move slower or faster in wider vessels?

Answer 19

slower

Question 20

is cross-sectional area of capillaries high or low?

Answer 20

high

Question 21

this law states that flow decreases when resistance increases and vice versa

Answer 21

Poiseuille’s Law

Question 22

this is a measure of resistance of liquid flow and as it increases the pressure required to flow increases

Answer 22

viscosity

Question 23

does resistance increase or decrease with increased length?

Answer 23

increases

Question 24

doubling the radius of a vessel increases the flow by ____x

Answer 24

16x

Question 25

this type of flow is characterized by the outermost layer moving slowest and the center moving the fastest

Answer 25

laminar flow

Question 26

this type of flow is interrupted and makes noise

Answer 26

turbulent

Question 27

this is an equation to predict the chance that blood will switch from laminar to turbulent flow

Answer 27

reynolds number

Question 28

this refers to a vessel's ability to return to its original size/shape after being stretched

Answer 28

elasticity

Question 29

this refers to how easily something can be stretched and addresses how much pressure is needed to increase volume

Answer 29

compliance

Question 30

what type of vessel is most compliant?

Answer 30

veins

Question 31

what percentage of blood is in the veins at any given time?

Answer 31

60-70%

Question 32

"unstressed volume" refers to the blood volume in the _____

Answer 32

veins

Question 33

_______ receptor activation causes veins to contract, which ______ (reduces or enhances) venous volume

Answer 33

alpha 1 reduces

Question 34

these are conduit vessels near the heart which contain a high level of elastin and are referred to as "pressure reserviors"

Answer 34

elastic arteries

Question 35

these types of arteries deliver blood to specific organs, have a lot of smooth muscle, and are very active in vasoconstriction and regulation of BP

Answer 35

muscular arteries

Question 36

true or false- vessels have their own supply of veins, arteries, and nerves

Answer 36

true

Question 37

this type of vessel is said to control minute-to-minute blood flow in capillary beds

Answer 37

arterioles

Question 38

do capillaries contract?

Answer 38

no, they have no smooth muscle

Question 39

does the sympathetic or PS innervate arterioles?

Answer 39

sympathetic ONLY

Question 40

the fact that arterioles always have some level of activation from the sympathetic nervous system refers to...

Answer 40

tone

Question 41

where is velocity slowest?

Answer 41

capillaries

Question 42

inflammatory signals increase the permeability of this type of vessel

Answer 42

capillaries

Question 43

these types of molecules cross capillary walls by diffusing through the plasma membrane

Answer 43

small lipid soluble molecules: oxygen carbon dioxide steroid hormones fatty acids

Question 44

these types of molecules diffuse through intracellular spaces or through fenestrations of capillaries

Answer 44

water soluble molecules glucose amino acids

Question 45

this is the force exerted by fluid pressing against a wall

Answer 45

hydrostatic pressure

Question 46

this type of pressure is created by large nondiffusible molecules, like plasma proteins

Answer 46

colloid osmotic pressure

Question 47

fluid moves _____ of capillaries at the arterial end and _____ at venous ends

Answer 47

out in

Question 48

the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle in every beat

Answer 48

stroke volume

Question 49

this is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

Answer 49

pulse pressure

Question 50

a ______ pulse pressure indicates the heart is not pumping enough blood

Answer 50

narrow

Question 51

what type of vessel has a high resistance to flow and has a large pressure drop

Answer 51

arterioles

Question 52

this is the average of systolic and diastolic pressure and includes the time spent in each phase diastolic + 1/3 pulse pressure

Answer 52

mean arterial pressure (MAP)

Question 53

general hardening of the arteries leading to increased stiffness and decreased compliance

Answer 53

arteriosclerosis

Question 54

this is a type of arteriosclerosis where there is a buildup of plaques

Answer 54

atherosclerosis

Question 55

this is the narrowing of the aortic valve

Answer 55

aortic stenosis