ANS

Question 1

is afferent sensory or motor?

Answer 1

sensory

Question 2

if efferent sensory or motor?

Answer 2

motor

Question 3

what PNS subdivision is voluntary control?

Answer 3

somatic

Question 4

PNS subdivision that is involuntary

Answer 4

autonomic

Question 5

autonomic NS that is fight or flight

Answer 5

sympathetic

Question 6

autonomic NS that is rest and digest

Answer 6

parasympathetic

Question 7

what is considered the “gateway” to the PNS

Answer 7

cranial and spinal nerves

Question 8

where are two places nicotinic ACh receptors are located?

Answer 8

muscle end plates and nerve cells

Question 9

how many subunits does a nicotinic receptor have?

Answer 9

5

Question 10

are nicotinic ACh receptors found on postganglionic dendrites of sympathetic, parasympathetic, or both?

Answer 10

both

Question 11

this type of ACh receptor is found at parasympathetic effector organs

Answer 11

muscarinic

Question 12

this ACh receptor is not ionic, has 7-transmembrane G-protein receptors, and has 5 different types

Answer 12

muscarinic receptors

Question 13

what type of receptor are the adrenergic receptors?

Answer 13

g-protein coupled

Question 14

is the sympathetic division adrengeric or cholinergic?

Answer 14

adrenergic

Question 15

is the parasympathetic division adrenergic or cholinergic?

Answer 15

cholinergic

Question 16

what is the main PS neurotransmitter?

Answer 16

ACh

Question 17

What are the main neurotransmitters of the sympathetic NS?

Answer 17

NE and epi

Question 18

which branch of the ANS is short preganglionic and long postganglionic?

Answer 18

sympathetic

Question 19

which branch of the ANS is long preganglionic and short postganglionic?

Answer 19

parasympathetic

Question 20

the preganglionic axon always releases _______ onto _______ receptors

Answer 20

ACh, nicotinic

Question 21

the postganglionic neuron in the PS division releases ________ onto _______ receptors

Answer 21

ACh, muscarinic

Question 22

what molecule does the adrenal medulla release into the blood (as a hormone)

Answer 22

epinephrine

Question 23

this ANS division originates in the cervical or sacral parts of the spinal cord

Answer 23

PS

Question 24

this ANS division originates in the thoracic and lumbar areas of the spinal cord

Answer 24

sympathetic

Question 25

a chain of neuronal cell bodies and synapses that is parallel to the spinal cord, many sympathetic neurons exit the spinal cord and synapse here

Answer 25

sympathetic ganglion/ chain

Question 26

these CNs are part of the PS division

Answer 26

3, 7, 9, 10

Question 27

this type of adrenergic receptor typically inhibits

Answer 27

alpha 2

Question 28

this type of ACh receptor typically activates

Answer 28

nicotinic

Question 29

this type of ACh receptor can stimulate or inhibit depending on subclass

Answer 29

muscarinic

Question 30

do most adrenergic receptors stimulate or inhibit?

Answer 30

stimulate

Question 31

what effect do beta blockers have on BP?

Answer 31

lowers BP

Question 32

what effect do muscarinic blockers have on BP?

Answer 32

raise BP (and HR)

Question 33

what effect do beta agonists have on BP?

Answer 33

raise BP

Question 34

what ANS division is responsible for filling of the bladder?

Answer 34

sympathetic

Question 35

what ANS division is responsible for emptying (contraction) of the bladder?

Answer 35

parasympathetic

Question 36

what effect occurs when the vagus nerve releases ACh onto muscarinic receptors on the heart?

Answer 36

decreases BP (parasympathetic)

Question 37

what effect occurs when the vagus nerve releases ACh onto muscarinic receptors on the GI system?

Answer 37

increases digestion (parasympathetic)

Question 38

what occurs when ACh is released onto the SA node?

Answer 38

heart slows and BP lowers (parasympathetic)

Question 39

what effect does smpathetic activation on beta-1 receptors have on the heart?

Answer 39

increases rate, contractility, and results in increased BP

Question 40

in the parasympathetic division, ________ nerves control the bladder (urination)

Answer 40

sacral

Question 41

in the sympathetic division, _______ nerves control the bladder (filling)

Answer 41

lumbar

Question 42

______ receptors prevent opening of the internal sphincter of the bladder

Answer 42

alpha 1

Question 43

________ receptors keep the detrusor relaxed

Answer 43

beta 2

Question 44

________ ACh receptors causes the internal sphincter to relax and the detrusor muscle to contract (micturation)

Answer 44

muscarinic

Question 45

what receptor is responsible for pupil dilation (mydriasis) via contraction of the dilator muscle?

Answer 45

alpha 1 (sympathetic)

Question 46

what receptor causes pupil constriction (miosis) via constriction of the sphincter

Answer 46

muscarinic (parasympathetic)

Question 47

what type of cells do preganglionic neurons synapse with within the adrenal gland

Answer 47

chromaffin cells

Question 47

are these processes sympathetic or parasympathetic? sweat glands vascular smooth muscle pilomotor muscles of skin gluconeogensis lipolysis renin secretion

Answer 47

sympathetic only

Question 48

what effect does prazosin have?

Answer 48

decreases BP

Question 48

what neurotransmitter do preganglionic neurons release onto chromaffin cells and what receptor receives it?

Answer 48

ACh nicotinic

Question 48

where are beta 1 and beta 2 receptors located?

Answer 48

B1- heart B2- bronchioles

Question 49

Clonidine is an alpha 2 agonist, what effect will it have on blood pressure?

Answer 49

decreases BP

Question 50

atropine is an antagonist at muscarinic receptors, what effect will it have on HR?

Answer 50

increases

Question 51

where do alpha 1 receptors have the most effect?

Answer 51

vessels

Question 52

where do alpha 2 receptors have the most effect?

Answer 52

GI

Question 53

where do beta 1 receptors have the most effect?

Answer 53

heart