American Revolution☕️📦🇺🇸 Flashcards
(23 cards)
Revolution
Rapid and significant change in society, politics, technology and the economy
CAUSES:
From the 1600s, what had Britain established?
The British crown was represented in each of these colonies by who?
The population of the colonies grew and they became very prosperous through what?
13 colonies
A governor
Trading tobacco, cotton and fish.
CAUSES: What were the 4 factors that made the colonies unhappy with British rule?
- Age of Enlightenment
- Restrictions on American trade
- The Seven Years’ War
- No Taxation without representation!
CAUSES: Age of Enlightenment
The enlightenment was a movement of thinkers who valued what over what?
What did they challenge?
Reason and science above faith and authority
The idea that kings had a divine to rule as they saw fit.
Enlightenment
A movement in thinkers who valued reason and science above faith or authority as a basis for society.
CAUSES: Restrictions on American Trade
What did Britain want?
Britain wanted America as a?
What acts did the British parliament pass?
What did these acts for the colonies to do?
Cheap supply of raw materials like cotton for its expanding industries and saw American as a good source for these.
Market to sell the finished goods made by British industry using American materials.
Navigation acts
Sell some of their products (cotton, sugar, tobacco) to Britain alone. This means Britain could control the price as they had no one else to sell it to.
CAUSES: Seven Years’ War
Who had also settled colonies in North America?
What did these acts for British do in the seven years war?
The war also meant that the American gained what?
France
Defeated France and seized a lot of its territory.
Military experience through fighting in the British army.
CAUSES: No Taxation without Representation!
What was the next act the British introduced?
What did this act require?
What did the Quartering Act do?
The colonists hated paying taxes and especially didn’t want to pay taxes to a parliament in London which they had no what?
Groups used what slogan?
What was a group that attacked British officials?
Stamp Act
Required all legal documents, wills, newspapers, certificates and playing cards to have government stamps which had to be paid for.
Imposed taxes to cover the cost of soldiers in the colonies.
Representatives
No taxation without representation!
Sons of Liberty
Road to War: The Boston Massacre
After they had taken away the Stamp Act, what act did the British replace it with?
What did these acts do?
A Boston mob approached a group of British soldiers and what happened?
This led to what?
Townshend Acts
Placed taxes on goods that American imported (tea, glass, paint and lead).
They opened fire and 5 people were killed.
More anger among Americans
Road to War: Boston Tea Party
After the Boston massacre, the British withdrew all the townshend acts and other acts - except what?
A group of the Sons of liberty did what?
What was the British response?
What happened to Boston port?
a small tax on tea imports.
Dressed as native Americans and dumped 342 crates of east India company tea into Boston harbour.
Imposed the ‘intolerable acts’ on Boston.
It was closed until compensation was paid for the tea.
Road to War: First Continental Congress
Why were the other colonies scared of the British response?
Who met in the continental congress?
What did the congress oppose?
Secret groups throughout the colonies began to gather weapons and ….. began to train themselves.
Because if they could do that to Massachusetts they could do it to them.
Representatives of the colonies.
British taxes, and removal of British soldiers.
Militias
Militias
Part-time armies
Road to War: Second Continental Congress
The violence in Massachusetts convinced many that war was now?
What did Thomas Paine argue in his pamphlet?
Who was the commander-in-chief of the continental army?
At the second continental congress they issued what?
What did this do?
Inevitable
The British were oppressing the rights of the American people who should become completely independent.
George Washington
The Declaration of Independence
Separate the American colonies from British rule
The American War of Independence: The Continental army
The continental army lacked…
They had part time soldiers while the British had?
They were poorly trained and equipped compared to the British
What was the one advantage the continental army had?
Men
Professional full time soldiers
Local knowledge and familiarity with the area which the brits didn’t have
The American War of Independence: Key Battles in The War of Independence
Continental army lost at ….. ……
Continental army won the ….. ….. ……
Bunker hill
Battle of Boston
The American War of Independence: Turning point: Saratoga and the entry of the French
The Americans defeated a British army of 8,000 men where?
The victory reassured the American people and britains European rivals became?
France, Spain and the Netherlands joined the war against …….
France sent what?
Saratoga
Interested
Britain
6,000 troops
The American War of Independence: Valley Forge
The army that emerged from valley forge at winters end had been ……. .
Washington had won the undying ….. of his men by refusing to abandon them and shared their terrible conditions.
During the winter, the profesional Prussian soldier Baron Von Steuben had drilled the soldiers until they were as well ….. and ….. as any European army
Transformed
Loyalty
Trained
Disciplined
The American War of Independence: Victory at Yorktown
The Americans won more battles and Washington kept the British largely confined to where?
Cornwallis surrendered to who?
What was signed between the former colonies and the British?
New York
Washington
Treaty of Paris
Results of the American Revolution: 1. Foundation and growth of the USA
What was the most significant result?
In order to prevent conflict among colonies what did Washington do?
The American constitution established a …… …….
Independence of the 13 colonies
Called a constitutional convention and wrote a constitution for the new country.
Federal republic
Constitution
Set of fundamental rules for running a country that outlines the powers of the government and the rights of the citizens
Federal republic
System of government where power is divided between a central government (president) and various regions of states.
Results of the American Revolution: 2. Impact on France and Ireland
Influenced the French Revolution
Ireland had been under British rule for centuries and people looked at americas success and dreamed of an independent Ireland
Influenced the 1798 rebellion
Results of the American Revolution: 3. influence of ideas
Women were treated like?
Millions of black slaves were kept by their owners across the…….. ……. .
Indigenous American were …… in their hundred of thousands
Second class citizens
southern USA
Killed
