Plantations🇮🇪👑🏘️ Flashcards
(27 cards)
Plantations
Irish land was confiscated by the English Crown and then colonised by British settlers.
The Pale
Area around Dublin directly under the control of the English crown.
Anglo-Irish / Old English
Descendants of the anglo-Norman’s who had invaded Ireland in the twelfth century
Gaelic Irish
Gaeilic Irish chieftains who followed Irish Law known as Brehon law
Brehon Laws
Gaelic Irish laws dating back as far as the Iron Age
Why did the Tudors want to fully conquer Ireland?
- To expand their territory
- To spread English customs, laws and culture
- To spread their new religion (Protestantism)
- To prevent further alliances
Surrender and regrant
Anglo-Irish and Gaelic Irish rulers were to surrender themselves and their lands to Henry VIII and he would grant their land back to them along with an English title.
Succession
Land passed directly from a father to their son
New settlers on the land were known as
Planters
Ulster Plantations: Background to the Ulster Plantation
Ulster was dominated by Gaelic Irish ……. .
Who were two powerful families?
When Queen Elizabeth died, who was her cousin that succeeded her?
What was her responsible for?
Clans
O’Neills of Tyrone
O’ Donnells of Donegal
King James I
Organising the Ulster plantation
Ulster Plantations: How the plantation was organised
What six counties did it cover?
The rules for the planters were a lot more ?
Estates were given to what three types of planters?
What was Derry renamed?
Donegal, Derry, Tyrone, Armagh, Fermanagh and Cavan
Strict
Undertakers, servitors and loyal Irish.
Londonderry
Servitors
English or Scottish soilders that had fought for the Crown
Loyal Irish
Native Irish who had stayed loyal to the crown during the nine years war
Undertakers
Paid the least
Built castles or stone houses
Servitors
Paid more than undertakers
They could house Irish tenants but had strict rules for the,
Loyal Irish
Paid the most
Rent land to Irish tenants but had to keep an eye on them
Ulster Plantations: Results
Ulster was more ……… than the other two plantations
Large number of ……. and ……. settled in Ulster
What population grew?
What flared then and is still around now?
What were founded?
What kind of houses and castles were built?
What change was there in farming?
Successful
English
Scottish
Protestant
Tension between the Protestant and Catholics
New towns
English-style
Crop farming took over cattle farming
Effect of the Plantations on Irish identity: what were the three main effects?
Religious identity
Political conflict
Cultural change
Effect of the Plantations on Irish identity: Religious identity
What was created?
Why were the effects of this most evident in Ulster?
The wealthy landlord class were know as what?
A religious division
Because the plantations were most successful there.
Protestant ascendancy
Effect of the Plantations on Irish identity: political conflict
What laws did Protestants want to keep control of?
What were Catholics forbidden to do under these laws?
Penal laws
Own land
Run schools or teach
Marry a Protestant
Go to university
Vote
Work in government
Penal Laws
Laws that suppressed the status of Catholics in Ireland.
Effect of the Plantations on Irish identity: Cultural Change
What declined as the Gaelic chieftains lost power?
What other cultural changes was there?
Gaelic Irish
Language
Farming
Deforestation to buying towns
The Growth of Towns: Viking settlement in Ireland
The Viking houses were rectangular with ……. Roofs.
The walls were ….. …. …… .
Streets and ……. were surfaced with gravel and stones
Thatched
Wattle and daub
Pathways
Wattle and daub
Woven mesh plastered with a mixture of mind, dung, sand and straw
