European Intergation💶🇪🇺 Flashcards
(21 cards)
Origins of European integration: Europes post-war leaders
Leaders in Western Europe emerged during the Cold War and ?
Many of these countries had experienced the WWI and WWII and were determined to?
The leaders involved were?
Ensured that Europe would work together in the future.
End war and extremism
Konrad Adenauer ( West Germany)
Robert Schuman ( France )
Alcide De Gasperi ( Italy )
Origins of European integration: Reasons for European integration
The legacy of war: War had devastated many countries and they wanted to replace competition between states with?
Cold War: The leaders believed only a United Europe could compete with who?
Economics: Leaders were eager to prevent a poor economy because?
American support: What did the USA want?
Cooperation - in particular France and Germany
Two superpowers
It provoked the growth of fascism and communism.
A strong trading partner and an ally against communism.
The First Steps towards European Integration: The Benelux Agreement
What was the Benelux Union?
What did this result in?
When Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg agreed to abolish all customs duties on imports and exports between them.
Trade amongst them tripled.
The First Steps towards European Integration: The Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC)
What did this demonstrate?
The advantage of economic integration and cooperation in order to generate economic growth and raise living standards.
The First Steps towards European Integration: The Council of Europe
What did it promote?
What was its most important action?
What did the convention guarantee?
Common ideals and values to further unify Europe.
Pass the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR)
The basic human rights of all citizens in Europe.
The First Steps towards European Integration: European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)
What was a growing fear in France?
In order to minimise this threat what did Robert Schuman do?
What did the single High Authority do?
How was this beneficial?
The Schuman plan led to what?
This set up the?
It was very …..?
It was the first time these states had agreed to hand over some of their what to na outside body?
That Germany could potentially become a powerful state in Europe.
Put forward the Schuman plan.
Controlled the French and German coal and steel communities.
Integrating the key military industries would make ‘war not only unthinkable but materially impossible’.
The Treaty of Paris
ECSC
Successful
Sovereignty
Sovereignty
A country’s independence and power
The European Economic Community: Treaty of Rome
Given the success of the ECSC , it seemed natural to extend its principles to other economic areas. Six memebers signed the treaty of Rome and the …….. came into being.
What were its three core aims?
EEC
- promote economic activity
- raise the standard of living
- forge an ever closer Union among the people of Europe.
The European Economic Community: Structure of the EEC
The European Commission
Runs the EEC day to day and implements the treaties
The European Economic Community: Structure of the EEC
Council of Ministers
National ministers meet regularly to discuss common issues and make decisions
The European Economic Community: Structure of the EEC
European Parliament
Represents the people of Europe.
The European Economic Community: Structure of the EEC
European court of justice
Rules on interpretations of the treaties and on disputes between the other institutions and member states.
The European Economic Community: Main policies of the EEC
What were the two main policies?
Common market
Freedom of movement
Common market
A free trade area created by eliminating restrictions (taxes) on trade on all goods amongst members. It has common external tariffs for goods coming into the free trade area.
Freedom of movement
Removal of restrictions on the movement of money, people good and services amongst the member states.
Development of European Integration: Enlargement
The EEC was a great ….. .
It was then called the …… ……. in the 90s
When did Ireland join?
Success
European community
1973
Development of European Integration: From community to Union
- The single European Act
What was the aim of this treaty?
What did this treaty provide? - The Maastricht Treaty
What was the significance of the treaty?
To create the single market.
A single economic area that would remove all the remaining barriers to the movement of money, people, goods and services among the member states.
Created the European Union
Rule for a single currency (euro)
Gave more power to European Parliament
Development of European Integration: Successes of the European Union
It achieved it fundamental aim which was?
Increased what in Europe?
The EU’s member ship has grown from 6 to ?
Maintained peace in Europe
Prosperity and some of the best living conditions in the world.
27
Development of European Integration: Problems of the European Union
Some people feel they are loosing what?
Member states feel like they are sometimes?
There’s still a large gap between ?
Countries (like Britain) experience a dear of increased what?
National identities
Forced to do things by the EU
The richest and pores me ever states
Inmmigration
Ireland and European Integration: ‘Joining Europe’
Seán Lemass realised what?
When Britain applied in 1961, ….. …. ….
After three years of long negotiations what happened?
Ireland could only join the EEC if Britain did.
So did Ireland
Ireland and Britain joined the EEC.
Ireland and European Integration: Impact of EU membership on Ireland
- Businesses have access to a …… …. ….. …….. …… .
- Irish citizens can do what within any member state?
- Ireland received millions of funding for what?
Market of over 450 million people
Move, work , live
Infrastructure like roads and railways
