WWII🛫💣 Flashcards
(48 cards)
1
Q
When was WWII declared?
A
September 1939
2
Q
Who were the allied powers?
A
Initially : Britain, France and Poland
Later: USSR and the USA
3
Q
Who were the Axis powers?
A
Germany
Italy
Japan
4
Q
What were the advances in wartime technology?
A
Submarine
Torpedoes
Tanks
Planes
Atomic bomb
5
Q
Technological Change: AT SEA
Better ……….. and ……… were developed.
Development in ……. and ……. technology so ships could scan the sea for hidden threats.
A
Submarines
Torpedoes
Sonar
Radar
6
Q
Technological Change: What helped to control the seas? ( Air bases )
A
Aircraft carriers
7
Q
Technological Change: ON LAND
Tanks were an ………. part of ………… .
A
Important
Warfare
8
Q
Technological Change: ON LAND
Improvements were also made to ……… , …… , …….. and ……… ……. .
A
Grenades
Pistols
Rifles
Machine guns
9
Q
Technological Change: IN THE AIR
The British Hurricane and ………. aircraft were powered by ……….. ……… ………. .
A
Spitfire
Rolls Royce Engines
10
Q
Technological Change: ATOMIC BOMB
The ……….. feared that ……….. would be the first to develop the atomic bomb so it began an extreme research programme know code named the ……… …….. .
A
USA
Germany
Manhattan Project
11
Q
Technological Change: ATOMIC BOMB
The first working atomic bomb was tested in the ….. …… desert.
The US air force dropped atomic bombs on Japanese cities such as ……… , killing many.
A
New Mexico
Hiroshima
12
Q
- Invasion of Poland: Hitler wanted the ……… …….., a strip of land that had access to the Baltic Sea , and the use of Polands resources to help feed and fuel the war effort.
The German army used a new tactic when invading Poland called ………..
A
Polish corridor
Blitzkrieg
13
Q
Blitzkrieg
A
A tactic of surprise attack beginning with heavy bombing of an area by the German airforce ( Luftwaffe ), followed closely by Panzer tanks and finally by the infantry.
14
Q
Name of German airforce?
A
Luftwaffe
15
Q
- Invasion of Poland: Hitler used the Blitzkrieg tactic again against who?
A
France
USSR
16
Q
- Invasion of Poland: Luftwaffe bombers destroyed most of the …. …. … on the ground before it had a chance to fight back. The success of Blitzkrieg depended on this ……..
A
Polish air force
element of surprise
17
Q
- Invasion of Poland: Within ……. ….., Poland had been defeated. The ……… ……… then invaded from the east. Hitler and ………. split Poland between them, as they had secretly agreed in the Nazi - Soviet Non - Aggression Pact
A
Five weeks
Soviet Union
Stalin
18
Q
- Invasion of France: ……… and …….. expected Germany to attack the west and did very little to assist Poland.
After WWI, the French had built the ……. …….. .
A
Britain
France
Maginot Line
19
Q
Maginot Line
A
Series of fortifications along the French - German border.
20
Q
Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain was replaced with who?
A
Winston Churchill
21
Q
- Invasion of France: May 1940, the attack on ………… the ………. and ………. finally began, using ………. tactics.
A
Belgium
Netherlands
France
Blitzkrieg
22
Q
What did BEF stand for?
A
British Expeditionary Force
23
Q
- Invasion of France: Where did the Germans invade France if they avoided the Maginot Line?
A
Hilly terrain of the Ardennes ( which the French had thought impossible to cross)
24
Q
- Invasion of France: The BEF soldiers were pushed back to the coastal town of ……., where they became ……. .
For nine days, over 900 boats were involved in the Allied evacuation of about 350,000 soldiers from the ………… at …………. . Also know as …… ……. .
A
Dunkirk
Trapped
Beaches
Dunkirk
Operation Dynamo
25
2. Invasion of France: Operation Dynamo
The allied evacuation of 350,000 soldiers from the beaches at Dunkirk.
26
3. Battle of Britain: Poland and France had both fallen to the ……. .
Of the Allied powers only ……… remained. Hitler suggested peace talks but ……. refused.
Nazis
Britain
Churchill
27
3. Battle of Britain: Hitler planned a full invasion of Britain, codenamed ………. ……. ….. .
He used ……….. ( U-boats ).
The campaign of aerial attacks on Britain by the Luftwaffe became know as …… …. ….. …….. .
On the first day, German bombers attacked …….. ……. ……… bases. These raids continued for a month.
Operation Sea lion.
Submarines
The Battle of Britain
Royal Air Force (RAF)
28
3. Battle of Britain: The British had …. The Battle of Britain. This was the first time Hitler has suffered a …….. . Reasons for this were:
Won
Defeat
- Radar gave the British advance warning of German air raids.
- British spitfires were better than the German planes.
- German planes couldn’t stay long in British airspace as they had to return to the Third Reich to refuel.
- German losses were greater.
29
4. Operation Barbarossa: Hitler wanted to expand the Third Reich’s ………. to the east - including the …….. which was rich in resources such as ……. . He also wanted to destroy …….. . June 1941, ……… ……… began. Germany invaded the ……. …….. in a rapid attack towards the most important cities - Leningrad , …….. and …….. . ………. tactics were very successful at first.
Lebensraum
USSR
oil
Communism
Operation Barbosa
Soviet Union
Moscow
Kiev
Blitzkrieg
30
4. Operation Barbarossa: ……….. was shocked when Hitler invaded. He called on his people to fight what was known as the …… ……. ……. against Germany. As it retreated the Red Army used a ……. …….. tactic. Stalin moved his factories so that production of tanks and weapons could still continue.
Stalin
Great Patriotic War
Scorched earth
31
4. Operation Barbarossa: Scorched Earth tactic
Destroying anything useful to the enemy ( crops, roads, bridges, railways, communication lines )
32
4. Operation Barbarossa: When winter set in, the Germans realised they weren’t ………. for the extreme …….. as low as -40*C . ………. froze and engines wouldn’t start. Many German soldier froze ….. …… . The …… army seized this advantage and launched a counterattack that stopped the German army short of ………
Prepared
Temperatures
Petrol
To death
Red
Moscow
33
5. Battle of Stalingrad: The German forces that had taken ……. advanced towards the oilfields and the city of ……….. .
The city had been heavily ……. and most of it were in ruins.
The ….. army had to …… Stalingrad at all costs.
Kiev
Stalingrad
Bombed
Red
Defend
34
5. Battle of Stalingrad: The Germans were starting to starve and freeze to death. The army finally …….. . It is estimated that …………. Axis soldiers and …… million Russians were killed/captured/wounded at Stalingrad. Many historians regard the battle of Stalingrad as the main ….. …. in WWII
Surrendered
800,000
1.1
Turning point
35
6. The USA enters WWII: The USA had provided the …….. with weapons and supplies, until 1941 it had remained ………. . …….. had become an ally of Germany. Japan wanted to gain territory in Eastern Asia but the USA didn’t want this. Japan attempted to destroy the entire US pacific fleet at ……. ……. in ……… . Japan and the USA were immediately at ….. .
Within four days, Japans Axis partners ……… and ….. had declared war on the …… . President ……… .. ……….. agreed to send troops and weapons to help fight the ……. powers in Europe. He agreed with …… that defeating Hitler should be the …. …….. .
Allies
Neutral
Japan
Pearl Harbour
Hawaii
War
Germany
Italy
USA
Franklin D Roosevelt
Axis
Churchill
Top priority
36
7. The Battle of the Atlantic: The USA had sent food and military supplies to Britain since the start of the war. German U-boats sank over 3 million tonnes of ………. shipping , with great loss of life. New ……. and …….. technology helped.
Allied
Sonar
Radar
37
8. D-Day: Stalin needed ……… and …….. to attack from the west to ease the pressure on the …… army. In ……….. ………, over 150,000 US, British and Canadians troops would land in ………., France (but they told the Germans they were going to land further east). The five beaches were given ………. . General Eisenhower led the largest seaborne invasion in history, with over ………. ships and landing craft , known as D-Day or ……….. ….. .
Churchill
Roosevelt
Red
Operation Overlord
Normandy
Code names
7,000
Deliverance day
38
8. D-Day: Most of the German troops were stationed in ………. . They broke down German defences on the beaches and brought in tanks and trucks. After two months the Allies had stopped the Germans at …… and Paris …… ……… …. ….. …. .
Calais
Falaise
Was liberated on 25 August
39
9. Air raids on Germany: The ……. bombed Germany day and night, targeting …….. and ,…….. , to damage war production. …….. underwent some of the worst bombing. 25,000 people died, most were civilians.
Allies
Hamburg
Berlin
Dresden
40
Battle of Britain
Campaign of aerial attacks on Britain by the Luftwaffe
41
Operation overlord
Over 150,000 US, British and Canadian troops would land in Normandy.
42
The Blitz
Bombing British cities at night time
43
10. Life in Wartime Britain and Occupied France: The Blitz: After the Battle of Britain, the Luftwaffe switched its strategy to one of ………………………………… .
It took place for 8 months. During the blitz, Germany dropped ……. and …… on London and other cities. The air raids lasted ….. ……. . Whenever warning ….. were heard, people took shelter. Up to 130,000 slept in the London ………. . Children from the cities were sent to the countryside. Approximately seven million ……. entered the workforce during WWII. …… books were introduced to every citizen.
Bombing British cities at night time
Explosives
Bombs
Eight months
Sirens
Underground
Women
Ration
44
10. Life in Wartime Britain and Occupied France: Evacuation
Children from the cities were sent to stay with families in the countryside where it was safer.
45
End of WWII: By ……., major German cities such as Berlin and Dresden had been destroyed. German soldiers were still fighting but were unable to halt the Russian and allied troops. The ……. began to attack Berlin. Hitler died by ……. in his …… when the …… army was just streets away. ………… in Europe day is celebrated may 8.
1945
USSR
Suicide
Bunker
Red
Victory
46
End of WWII: Reasons why the Allies were victorious:
- The alliance of the ‘Big Three’ (Britain, USA, USSR) meant they had more troops, weapons and equipment.
- Germany was weakened as it was fighting a two-front war.
- The Allies gained control of the air.
- The red army defeated the German army on land.
- Hitler sacked many of his advisors and interfered too much in germanys military tactics.
47
Impact of WWII: Immediate impacts
- Estimated 38 - 55 million civilian deaths
- 15 - 20 million soldiers died
- Roughly 40 million people were displaced inside their own country
- Numerous cities were destroyed
- Roads, railways, factories and farmland had to be rebuilt
- Homes were destroyed, people went hungry, psychological trauma.
- Trials of Nazi war criminals
48
Impact of WWII: long term responses
- Countries in central an Eastern Europe came under USSR control and became communist
- US and USSR now the two most powerful countries in the world.
- Tensions between USA and USSR developed into the Cold War
- Britain and France were weak after the war
- 1945 the UN was established
- 1957 the EEC was set up
