Cold War🇷🇺🇺🇸

Question 1

In the aftermath of WWII, the superpowers were the Soviet Union and United States. The had been …….. against the ………, but after war rivalry emerged between them.

Answer 1

Allies
Nazis

Question 2

Superpowers

Answer 2

Most powerful countries in the world

Question 3

Cold War

Answer 3

Long period of heightened tension between the superpowers and their respective allies.

Question 4

What were the four causes of the Cold War?

Answer 4

Political Differences: Communism vs capitalism
Conflict and mistrust during WWII
Iron Curtain
Containment

Question 5

Political differences: Communism vs Capitalism
At its heart, the Cold War was a conflict between two different ……. .

Answer 5

Ideologies

Question 6

Political differences: Communism vs Capitalism
The Soviet Union was a communist country …….

Answer 6

One where the state controls all property, industry and services, and freedom of elections and media are limited.

Question 7

Political differences: Communism vs Capitalism
The USA is a capitalist economy meaning

Answer 7

One where individuals are free to have wealth, own private property and profit from businesses with little to no interference with the government.

Question 8

Political differences: Communism vs Capitalism
The USA is also a …………..

Answer 8

Democracy

Question 9

Democracy

Answer 9

System of government under which there are various political parties, people can vote in elections and free press and free speech are protected.

Question 10

Causes: Conflict and mistrust during WWII
Soviet leader …….. ……. believed that …… and the ……. had deliberately delayed the …… …… ….. so that soviets would suffer more damage by fighting Nazis ……. . In addition the USA refused to share the secrets of the …… …. with the soviets and used it to defeat Japan.

Answer 10

Joseph Stalin
Britain
USA
D-day landings
Alone
Atomic bomb

Question 11

Causes: Iron Curtain
After WWII, Stalin wanted to create a buffer zone to protect the …. from future invasions. This meant he would need states in Central and Eastern Europe that were loyal. He imposed communist governments on East Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria. These were known as ….. …. as they were under the control of ……… . The West believed the USSR was aggressively expanding its control of ……… . Many feared it would take over the …. ….. …. …. …… . In a speech ….. …… used the term ……… …….. to describe the division in Europe.

Answer 11

USSR
Satellite states
Moscow
Europe
The rest of Europe
Winston Churchill
Iron curtain

Question 12

Satellite states

Answer 12

States under the control of Moscow

Question 13

Name a few satellite states

Answer 13

East Germany
Poland
Czechoslovakia
Hungary
Romani
Bulgaria

Question 14

Causes: Containment
In response to Soviet actions, US president ….. …… announced a new policy called?

Answer 14

Harry Truman
Truman Doctrine

Question 15

Causes: Containment
What did the Truman Doctrine declare?

Answer 15

That the USA would provide military aid to any country that was fighting communist forces within its own state.

Question 16

Causes: Containment
What was the ‘Domino theory’?

Answer 16

When the USA was afraid that if a country became communist other nearby countries would become communist and it would spread further.

Question 17

Causes: Containment
What was the Marshall Plan?

Answer 17

The US government providing funds to help Europe rebuild after WWII.
The USA spent over $15 billion on helping Western Europe rebuild.

Question 18

Causes: Containment
Why did the US help Europe rebuild?

Answer 18

They believed that if these countries were economically prosperous, they would be better able to resist communism.

Question 19

Causes: Containment
Define containment

Answer 19

Truman’s policy which aimed to limit communism to countries where it was already established, but wouldn’t attempt to remove it (as this would mean war against the Soviets).

Question 20

The Early Crises: Berlin and Korea: The Berlin Blockade (Germany after WWII)
After its defeat, Germany was divided into four zones, occupied by the …….., ……., ……….. and ………. . ……… was also divided into four sectors for each of the Allies. Post-war Germany was devastated and its people faced great …… and ….. hardship. The Allies disagreed about the …….. of the country. The USSR wanted a permanently ………. Germany that would never be a ……. again. The others wanted a …… Germany that be the economic anchor of Europe.

Answer 20

Americans
British
Soviets
French
Berlin
Economic
Social
Future
Weakened
Threat
Strong.

Question 21

The Early Crises: Berlin and Korea: The Berlin Blockade (The Berlin Airlift)
What did Stalin hope for?
In June 1948 what did the Soviets do?

Answer 21

That the Allies would leave Berlin so he’d have total control over East Germany.
Cut off all road, rail and canal links to West Berlin, known as the Berlin blockade.

Question 22

The Early Crises: Berlin and Korea: The Berlin Blockade (The Berlin Airlift)
What did the western countries do to combat the Soviets actions?

Answer 22

Supplied Berlin by air. Codenamed OPERATION VITTLES, the Berlin airlift was a huge operation with cargo planes containing food, clothing, medical supplies and fuel for over 2.5 million people flying to and from airports in West Berlin.

Question 23

The Early Crises: Berlin and Korea: The Berlin Blockade (The Berlin Airlift)
What did Stalin eventually realise?
What were the allies able to do?

Answer 23

He wouldn’t be able to drive the allies out of the city.
Deliver more supplies by air than they had delivered by rail.

Question 24

Consequences of the Berlin Blockade and Airlift

Answer 24

• The division of Germany became permanent
• In 1961, the Berlin Wall was built to permanently divide the city
• The USA, Canada and ten other Western Europeans states set up a military alliance (NATO)
• Soviets set up a military alliance called the Warsaw Pact.
• The detonation of the Soviet atomic bomb started the arms race.

Question 25

Consequences of the Berlin Blockade and Airlift What was the arms race?

Answer 25

The competitive research and spending by the superpowers to build bigger and more powerful nuclear weapons that would wipe out the other side.

Question 26

Korean War 1950-1953: Like Germany, Korea was divided after WWII along the …… …….. map line into a Soviet-backed ….. state in …….. Korea and a US-backed government in …… Korea. June 1950, the …… Korean army invaded the …… . They had Soviet weapons and pushed the South Korean army back, taking the capital, ……….. . What was president Truman afraid of and what did he do to help?

Answer 26

38th parallel Communist North South North South Seoul Afraid the south would be conquered Sent US military support to the south

Question 27

Korean War 1950-1953: UN forces did what? Truman refused the US General to attack communist china with nuclear weapons. The war settled into a ………. along the ….. …… . The two sides agreed to a …. to end the war.

Answer 27

Drove the North Koreans out of the south. Stalemate 38th parallel Truce

Question 28

Consequences of the Korean War

Answer 28

- Division of Korea became permanent - The north became a brutal communist dictatorship - The south emerged as a prosperous, industrialised capitalist economy - The USA considered the war a success for the policy of containment as communism stopped from spreading to South Korea. - The USA gained new allies in South Korea, Japan, Philippines, Australia etc - The USSR and china became allies

Question 29

The Cuban Missile Crisis 1962 Who led a communist revolution to overthrow the US - backed government of Cuba? What did JFK authorise the CIA to do? What happened at the bay of pigs? What was the Soviet leader worried about? Who was the Soviet leader during this time? What did Khrushchev offer to do to help Castro?

Answer 29

Fidel Castro Plan an invasion by anti-Castro Cuban exiles at the bay of pigs. It was a disaster. Castros forces easily defeated the invaders. The nuclear missiles that the USA had stationed in Europe which could reach soviet cities. Nikita Khrushchev Build missile bases in Cuba that would be able to hit cities all across the US.

Question 30

The Cuban Missile Crisis 1962 October 1962-The world holds its breath. A US spy plane photographed what? What agreement did they come to to end the crisis? What did Kennedy announce on television?

Answer 30

A missile base being built in Cuba. A naval blockade of Cuba. The US navy would prevent any ship from landing in Cuba until the Soviets agreed to remove the missiles. -The USA declared it wouldn’t invade Cuba and Kennedy privately told Khrushchev that he would remove the US missiles from Turkey. -The Soviets agreed to dismantle the missiles and remove them from Cuba.

Question 31

Consequences of the Cuban Missile crisis

Answer 31

- A telephone hotline was set up between Moscow and Washington to deal with potential crises when they arose. - The nuclear test ban treaty was agreed by the superpowers and others this band: atomic testing on land, sea or in space.

Question 32

Cold War around the World. Proxy Wars

Answer 32

Conflicts in which the superpowers provided support to different sides but didn’t engage with each other directly.

Question 33

The Cold War around the world. VIETNAM WAR Vietnam was also? What did the north Vietnamese leader want and what did he do? What did the US do due to its policy of containment? What did the Vietcong use against the USA? How did guerrilla warfare work? What advantages did the Vietcong have? What did the US use against them? The coverage of the war provoked what? What did the USA eventually do?

Answer 33

-Split into a communist and capitalist country. -Wanted a United country and began to attack the government in the south. -Sent financial aid and troops to help the south after the north attacked. -Guerrilla tactics -They attacked in small groups, hid in the jungles and constantly disrupted their opponents supply lines. - support of the locals to hide them and their weapons and they new the areas better. - Used toxic chemicals like mustard to destroy the jungles and they burned and heavily bombed towns. - Huge anti-war movement in the USA. - Withdrew and the North fully conquered the South. It was a humiliating failure for the policy of containment.

Question 34

Soviet control of Central and Eastern Europe The USSR and other communist governments in central and Eastern Europe were known as? What did the Soviet Union do to keep the governments and people under its control for over 40 years?

Answer 34

- The Eastern Bloc - Used the threat of military force

Question 35

End of the Cold War Who became the US president in 1981? What did Reagan do? Who did he form a close partnership with?

Answer 35

-Ronald Reagan -Massively increased its military spending to force the Soviets to do the same as he believed the USSR couldn’t afford it and would have to negóciate a reduction of arms with the USA. He also increased support of governments against communism. -Margaret Thatcher

Question 36

End of the Cold War: Mikhail Gorbachev’s reforms What did the new Soviet leader believe? What two major changes did he oversee?

Answer 36

- That the cost of the Cold War was too high and the USSR could no longer afford the arms race. - Glasnot and Perestroika

Question 37

End of the Cold War What did Reagan and Gorbachev do?

Answer 37

- Met several times - Built a new relationship based on trust - Made important nuclear disarmament agreements to reduce nuclear weaponry and tension

Question 38

End of the Cold War : Collapse of Communism in Europe What did Gorbachev declare? Without the Soviet army to back them up what happened to the communist governments? What happened in November 1989? What happened to the Soviet Union?

Answer 38

- The Soviet army would no longer be used to keep communist governments in power in central and Eastern Europe. - They fell -The Berlin Wall was taken down and communist rule came to an end in Europe. - Gorbachev lost control of all the European countries and the Soviet Union ceased to exist, ending the Cold War.

Question 39

Glasnost (meaning openness)

Answer 39

Gorbachev’s policy to open up discussion in Soviet society: political prisoners were freed, censorship was relaxed and people were encourged to suggest ideas to fix the economy

Question 40

Perestroika ( meaning restructuring )

Answer 40

Gorbachev’s policy to reform and open up the Soviet economy by allowing some private ownership of business and land.

Question 41

What was the symbol of the Cold War?

Answer 41

The Berlin Wall

Question 42

The closest the world came to nuclear war was?

Answer 42

The Cuban missile crisis