Renaissance 🎨🔭 Flashcards
(42 cards)
1
Q
Renaissance (rebirth)
A
Is the rebirth of European interest in the civilisations of Ancient Greece and Rome. During the Renaissance people began to question Middle Age ideas and developed new ideas about art, architecture , science and medicine.
2
Q
Humanism
A
Shift in mindset from a focus on God to a focus to a focus on human knowledge
3
Q
Why did the Renaissance start in Italy?
A
- Ruins of the Roman Empire
- Fall of Constantinople 1453
- Wealth from trade
- New ideas from trade
- Competition between Italian city states
- Patrons
4
Q
Ruins of the Roman Empire.
A
- Italy was the centre of the Roman Empire.
- Meant that the remains of Roman buildings and art were everywhere
- When expanding cities they dug up Roman ruins and wanted to copy the achievements of their ancestors
5
Q
Fall of Constantinople 1453
A
- Constantinople was the capital of the eastern Roman Empire.
- Captured by the Ottoman Turks
- Many Greek scholars fled to Italy and brought Greek and Roman manuscripts with them
- These books were filled with knowledge about the ancient world that Italians had never seen before
6
Q
Wealth from trade
A
- Italys position in the centre of the Mediterranean meant that it had grown rich on trade in goods coming overland from the east such as silks and spices.
7
Q
Competition between Italian city states.
A
- Italy was not one a single country ruled by a king, it was made up of many independent city states
- all in competition with each other over territory, trade, wealth and power
- to show who was richest they all hired artists to build big buildings and art
- Florence was one of the most important Italian cities
8
Q
Patrons
A
- There were many different types of Patrons during the Renaissance.
- The Catholic Church spent a lot of money to beautify their churches and cathedrals.
- Kings and governments wanted art that would glorify their city.
- Private individuals uses art to demonstrate their wealth.
- The de Medici of Florence were among the most important families of art patrons
9
Q
Define Patron
A
A wealthy person who commissioned an artist to produce a work of art for them
10
Q
Most important patron family.
A
De Medici family
11
Q
Florence
A
- By 1400 it was the wealthiest city in Italy
- Wealth initially came from trading wool and later from banking
- Florentines were very proud of their city
- Spent lavishly on works of art to decorate their city
- It was a republic but most of the power lay in the hands of the de Medici family
- They owned the largest bank
- Cosimo de Medici and his grandson Lorenzo were very important patrons
- They sponsored artists and architects and opened school to study Roman and Greek manuscripts
12
Q
What did medieval artists usually base their art on? And why?
A
Religious scenes
Intended to encourage people to follow the teachings of the Catholic Church
13
Q
Medieval art
A
- Focused on the Bible
- Done on wooden panels ( cracked easily )
- Or Fresco - wet plaster
Powdered pigments mixed with eggs - tempera paint - Not very realistic
- No depth - 2D
- People not to scale
14
Q
Renaissance paintings
A
- Subject for paintings were Ancient Greek and Roman mythology , people, landscapes, everyday life and religious scenes
- Artists painted onto canvas or wet plaster on walls
- Paint was mixed with oil so it dried slower
- Use of sfumato ‘smoky’
- Perspective - Creating depth and distance in the painting
- Studied anatomy - structure of the human body
15
Q
Name two Renaissance paintings?
A
Mona Lisa
The last supper
16
Q
Who painted the Mona Lisa?
A
Leonardo Da Vinci
17
Q
Who painted The Last Supper?
A
Leonardo Da Vinci
18
Q
Mona Lisa
A
- Housed in the Louvre Museum
- Took two years to complete
- Da Vinci used sfumato to make the skin look soft
19
Q
The Last Supper
A
- Shows Da Vinci’s great use of perspective and anatomy
- Da Vinci used oil and tempera paint directly onto dry wall
- This has resulted in the painting peeling off the wall
20
Q
Leonardo da Vinci 1492 - 1519
A
- Incredibly skilled painter
- Considered the ideal ‘Renaissance man’
- At 14 he became an apprentice in Florence
- He went to Milan. While he was there he painted the Last Supper
- When he returned to Florence he painted the Mona Lisa
- Very interested in science and engineering
- Dissected corpses to better understand the human body
21
Q
Medieval sculpture
A
- Not very realistic
- Mainly used to decorate churches and monuments
- Attached to building instead of free standing
22
Q
Renaissance sculpture
A
- Known for realism and attention to detail
- They studied human anatomy
- Tended to be naked so sculptors could show of their skills
23
Q
A famous Renaissance sculpture
A
Michelangelo’s David
24
Q
Michelangelo’s David
A
- 5 meters high
- Statue represents the ideal human body
- shows michelangelo spent time studying the human body
25
Michelangelo Buonarroti 1475 - 1564
- Born near Florence
- Came to the attention of Lorenzo de Medici who invited him to live with him and study in his sculpture academy
- In Rome he sculpted the Pietà
- In Florence he created the statue of David
- In 1508 he began to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican
- Took four years to paint, while lying on scaffolding
- Designed St Peter’s Basilica
- Know as ‘Il Divino’ ( the divine one )
26
Technological change in the Renaissance?
Printing press
27
Who invented the printing press?
Johannes Gutenberg
28
Movable type printing press
Individual metal letter into a frame to form words, coated them with ink and pressed frame into paper
29
What was the first book Gutenberg printed?
Gutenberg Bible
30
Impact of the printing press
- Printed books were much cheaper than handwritten manuscripts , allowing more people to but them
- More people learned to read and write
- People read more and were introduced to new ideas
- The control that the Catholic Church had over ideas and learning declined
- the use of Latin declined as writers wrote in the vernacular
31
What doctor studied anatomy?
Andreas Vesalius
32
What did William Harvey discover?
That the heart pumped blood around the body.
33
Astronomy
Study of the stars
34
The biggest change in science was …
Astronomy
35
Before the renaissance people believed that our planet was ……..
The centre of the solar system and that the sun and planets rotated around it
36
What did Galileo Galilei do?
- Used his telescope to study the stars
- Discovered that the moon has craters and mountains
- And that Saturn has rings
37
What did Nicolaus Copernicus do?
Declared that the Earth rotates around the Sun
38
Inquisition
Church court
39
When Galileo spoke about his and Copernicus ideas he was convicted of…
Heresy
40
Heresy
Knowingly holding a view that went against the official teachings of the Catholic Church
41
Renaissance writer
William Shakespeare
42
William Shakespeare work
- Romeo and Juliet
- Merchant of Venice
- Hamlet
