Anatomy Block 2 Flashcards by Ian Frost

What are the terms for the different size heads?

Brachycephalic, mesocephalic, and dolichocephalic

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What are the different parts of the occipital bone

interparietal, external occipital protuberance, Nuchal crest

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What is the structure called that allows the spinal cord to exit the skull?

Foramen magnum

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What is the process in the temporal bone where the tympanic membrane is housed?

Tympanic bulla

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What is the bony canal for hearing called and where is it located?

External acoustic meatus, located laterally from the tympanic bulla

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Where does the infraorbital nerve leave through and where is it located

This is the infraorbital foramen and it is located rostrally to the eye

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What completes the orbit for dogs and cats?

The orbital ligament

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What are the 3 processes of the mandible?

Coronoid process, condyloid process, angular process

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What are the two foramens of the mandible

Mental foramen and mandibular foramen

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What is the depression where the masseter muscle sits called?

Masseteric fossa

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What nerve runs through the mandibular foramen?

Inferior alveolar

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What nerve runs through the mental foramen?

The mental nerve

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What are the bones of the hyoid?

Basihyoid, thyrohyoid, ceratohyoid, epihyoid, stylohyoid, and the tympanohyoid cartilage

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What is the most superficial muscle of facial expression?

Platysma

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What are the muscles of facial expression?

Platysma
Zygomaticus
Frontalis
Orbicularis oris
Orbicularis oculi
Parotidoauricular
Auricular muscles
Buccinator
levator nasolabialis

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What are the muscles of mastication

Masseter
Pterygoid
Temporalis (deep to frontalis)
Digastricus (only muscle to open mouth)

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Where is the pterygoid muscle?

Lateral to the pterygoid bones. medial to the masseter

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What are the pharyngeal muscles?

Rostral to caudal
Hyopharyngeus
Thyropharyngeus
Cricopharyngeus

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What is the purpose of the hyoid/thyroid muscles?

To manipulate laryngeal cartilage and hyoid apparatus

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What are the muscles that connect to the thyroid?

Sternothyroideus
Cricothyroideus

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What are the muscles that connect to the hyoid bones?

sternohyoideus
thyrohyoideus
myohyoideus
geniohyoidius
Cricoarytenoideus dorsalis

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What are the muscles of the tongue?

Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Intrinsic muscles

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What are the 5 salivary glands?

Parotid salivary gland
Monostomatic salivary gland
Polystomatic salivary gland
Mandibular salivary gland
Zygomatic salivary gland

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Where does the parotid duct come out?

The upper 4th premolar

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What are the lymph nodes of the head?

Mandibular lymph nodes (2-4) Medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes

What do the mandibular lymph nodes drain?

Surface of head

What do the medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes drain

The whole head

What are the arteries of the external carotid?

Occipital Lingual Facial Caudal auricular Superficial temporal

What are the arteries of the maxillary?

Inferior alveolar External ophthalmic Minor palatine Infraorbital

What are the arteries of the descending palatine?

Major palatine Sphinopalatine

What are the two main veins that come together to form the external jugular vein?

Maxillary vein and linguofacial vein (facial veins)

What does the olfactory nerve do?

Sensory, smell

What does the optic nerve do?

Sensory, vision

What does the oculomotor nerve do?

Eye movement

What does the trochlear nerve do?

Eye movement

What does the trigeminal nerve do?

Sensory to face Sensory to teeth Motor to muscles of mastication

What does the abducent nerve do?

Eye movement

What does the facial nerve do?

Motor facial expression Rostral taste

What does the vestibulocochlear nerve do?

Hearing and balance

What does the glossopharyngeal nerve do?

Caudal taste

What does the vagus nerve do?

Autonomic function

What does the accessory nerve do?

Motor to neck and shoulder

What does the hypoglossal nerve do?

Tongue movement

Where does the olfactory nerve enter through?

The cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

What are the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve And then the 3 branches within the one and additional branch in the other

Ophthalmic Branch - sensory to eyelid, eye, and nasal mucosa Maxillary Branch - Sensory to lower eyelid and nasal mucosa >>>Infraorbital n. = sensory to upper teeth Mandibular Branch = Motor to mastication >>>>Lingual n. = sensory to tongue >>>>Inferior alveolar n. = sensory to lower arcade >>>>Mylohyoid n. = motor to mylohyoideus

What are the branches of the facial nerve called?

Buccal branches = motor to facial expression

What are branches of the vagus nerve

Cranial laryngeal n = motor to cricothyroideus m Caudal laryngeal n = motor to laryngeal m Vagosympathetic trunk = Autonomic system

What muscles does the accessory nerve innervate?

Trapezius m Cleidocephalicus Sternocephalicus

What does the vertebral artery go through?

Transverse foramen

What do the spinal nerves go through?

The intervertebral foramen

What are the anatomical landmarks of the atlas?

C1 Lateral vertebral foramen Arch and wings

What are the anatomical landmarks of the axis?

C2 Spinous process

What are the anatomical landmarks of cervical vertebra?

Spinous process Vertebral foramen Transverse process

What does the atlas use instead of the transverse foramen?

Lateral vertebral foramen

What bones line the nasal canal?

Dorsally = nasal bone Ventrally = maxilla Ventrally = maxilla and palatine

What is the internal nares called?

Choanae

What is the line down the center of a dog's nostril?

Philtrum

What is the artery that vascularizes the nasal cavity?

Sphenopalatine

What are the 3 conchae?

Dorsal conchae Ventral conchae Ethmoidal conchae

What are the 4 meatus

Dorsal meatus Ventral meatus Common meatus Middle meatus

What are the 2 paranasal sinuses?

Maxillary sinus Frontal sinus

What is another name for paranasal sinuses?

Diverticula

What are the 2 divisions of the oral cavity?

Vestibule: Space between gums and lips Oral cavity proper

What are the ridges on the top of the mouth?

Rugae

What is the medial line down the hard palate of the oral cavity proper?

Raphe

What is the connective tissue that holds the tongue to the bottom of the mouth?

Frenulum

What are the 5 types of papillae? And where are they found on the tongue?

Filiform - All over Fungiform - All over Foliate - Lateral on root Vallate - medial on root Conical - Spikes on root

What is the cartilaginous piece in apex of tongue?

Lyssa

What are the 3 divisions of the tongue?

Apex, body, root

What is the medial line down the tongue called?

Median sulcus

What are the 3 papillae that are tastebuds?

Foliate Fungiform Vallate

How many of each type of tooth is on the upper arcade?

3 incisors 1 canine 4 premolars 2 molars

How many of each type of tooth is on the bottom arcade

3 incisors 1 canine 4 premolars 3 molars

What is the carnassial tooth on both upper and lower arcade?

Upper P4 Lower M1