Anatomy of the Blood Vessels and Special Circulations

Question 1

What are the series of connected hollow tubes that begin and end in the heart?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 341)

Answer 1

Blood Vessels

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 341)

Question 2

What forms a path through the body, much like highways and road systems enabling travel from place to place?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 341)

Answer 2

Blood Vessels

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 341)

Question 3

What do the heart and blood vessels form?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 341)

Answer 3

Circuit

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 341)

Question 4

What arrangement ensures a continuous one-way movement of blood?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 341)

Answer 4

Circuit

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 341)

Question 5

Which circulation carries blood from the heart’s right ventricle to the lungs and back to the heart’s left atrium?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 341)

Answer 5

Pulmonary

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 341)

Question 6

Which circulation transports unoxygenated blood to the lungs, where oxygen is loaded and carbon dioxide is unloaded?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 341)

Answer 6

Pulmonary

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 341)

Question 7

In which circulation is oxygenated blood pumped after returning to the heart’s left side?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 341)

Answer 7

Systemic

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 341)

Question 8

Which circulation is larger?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 341)

Answer 8

Systemic

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 341)

Question 9

Which circulation provides blood supply to the rest of the body?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 341)

Answer 9

Systemic

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 341)

Question 10

Which circulation carries oxygen and other nutrients to the cells and picks up carbon dioxide and other waste?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 341)

Answer 10

Systemic

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 341)

Question 11

What are the body’s highways?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

Answer 11

Blood Vessels

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

Question 12

What are the three anatomical blood vessel classes?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

Answer 12

Arteries

Capillaries

Veins

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

Question 13

What are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

Answer 13

Arteries

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

Question 14

Large arteries repeatedly branch into smaller and smaller arteries as they are distributed throughout the entire body.

As they branch, the arteries become much more numerous but smaller in diameter.

The smallest arteries are called ___.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

Answer 14

arterioles

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

Question 15

Most of the arteries are coloured ___ because they carry ___ blood.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

Answer 15

red

oxygenated

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

Question 16

Blood flows from the arterioles into the ___.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

Answer 16

capillaries

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

Question 17

What are the smallest and most numerous blood vessels?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

Answer 17

Capillaries

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

Question 18

What connect the arterioles with the venules?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

Answer 18

Capillaries

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

Question 19

What are close to cells because the body has so many of them?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

Answer 19

Capillaries

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

Question 20

Which blood vessel arrangement provides every cell with a continuous supply of oxygen and other nutrients?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

Answer 20

Capillaries

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

Question 21

Which blood vessels are coloured from red to purple to blue?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

Answer 21

Capillaries

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

Question 22

At the ___ level, the blood gives up its oxygen to the tissues; the unoxygenated blood leaving the tissues is therefore bluish.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

Answer 22

capillary

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

Question 23

Blood flows from the capillaries into the ___.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

Answer 23

venules

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

Question 24

Which blood vessels carry blood back to the heart?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

Answer 24

Veins

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

Question 25

What are the smallest veins? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

Answer 25

Venules ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

Question 26

The small venules converge to form fewer but larger ___. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

Answer 26

veins ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

Question 27

The largest ___ empty blood into the heart’s right atrium. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

Answer 27

veins ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

Question 28

Most ___ are coloured blue because they carry unoxygenated blood. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

Answer 28

veins ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

Question 29

A Circuit or Route: The Circulatory System ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

Answer 29

## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

Question 30

Except for ___, blood vessels are composed of three tissue layers (or tunics): tunica ___, tunica ___, and tunica ___. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

Answer 30

capillaries intima media adventitia ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 342)

Question 31

Which is the innermost tunica, an endothelium? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

Answer 31

Intima ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

Question 32

Which tunica's endothelial lining forms a slick, shiny surface continuous with the endocardium (the heart's inner lining)? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

Answer 32

Intima ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

Question 33

Which tuinca has a surface that blood flows easily and smoothly along? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

Answer 33

Intima ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

Question 34

Which is the middle tunica? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

Answer 34

Media ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

Question 35

Which tunica is the thickest and is composed primarily of elastic tissue and smooth muscle? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

Answer 35

Media ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

Question 36

Tunica media thickness and composition vary according to blood vessel function. Large ___, for example, contain considerable elastic tissue so that they can stretch in response to blood pumping by the heart. The smallest of ___, the ___, are composed primarily of smooth muscle. Smooth muscle allows ___ to contract and relax, thereby changing diameter. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

Answer 36

arteries x 2 arterioles x 2 ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

Question 37

Which is the outermost tunica? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

Answer 37

Adventitia ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

Question 38

Which tunica is composed of tough connective tissue? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

Answer 38

Adventitia ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

Question 39

Which tunica supports and protects blood vessels? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

Answer 39

Adventitia ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

Question 40

Blood Vessel Wall Layers ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

Answer 40

## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

Question 41

What blood vessels have walls that are large, thick, tough, and elastic because they must withstand the high blood pressure pumped from the ventricles? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

Answer 41

Arteries ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

Question 42

Large arteries are called ___ vessels with a primary function to conduct blood from the heart to the arterioles. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

Answer 42

conductance ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 343)

Question 43

What are the smallest arteries? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Answer 43

Arterioles ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Question 44

What are composed primarily of smooth muscle and spend most time contracting and relaxing? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Answer 44

Arterioles ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Question 45

By changing diameter, the ___ affect resistance to blood flow. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Answer 45

arterioles ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Question 46

A narrow (constricted) vessel offers an (decreased/increased) resistance to blood flow; a wider (dilated) vessel offers (less/more) resistance. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Answer 46

increased less ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Question 47

Arterioles are called ___ vessels because of their effect on ___. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Answer 47

resistance x 2 ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Question 48

Which blood vessels have the thinnest walls? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Answer 48

Capillaries ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Question 49

Capillary walls are made up of a single ___ layer lying on a delicate ___ ___. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Answer 49

endothelium basement membrane ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Question 50

Thin ___ ___ enable water and dissolved substances, including oxygen, to move across from blood into tissue spaces, where they become available for cell use. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Answer 50

capillary walls ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Question 51

What allows metabolizing cell waste to diffuse from tissue spaces into capillaries for blood transport to excretion organs? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Answer 51

Capillary Wall ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Question 52

Capillaries are called ___ vessels because they allow for an ___ of nutrients and waste. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Answer 52

exchange x 2 ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Question 53

Which walls are slightly thicker than the capillary walls? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Answer 53

Venules ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Question 54

As the venules converge to form larger ___, the walls become even thicker. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Answer 54

veins ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Question 55

A vein's tunica ___ is much thinner than an artery's tunica ___. This difference is appropriate because vein pressure is much less than arterial pressure. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Answer 55

media x 2 ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Question 56

Which blood vessels mostly contain one-way valves? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Answer 56

Veins ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Question 57

Which blood vessels have valves that direct blood flow toward the heart? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Answer 57

Veins ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Question 58

What are most numerous in veins of the lower extremitiy, where they prevent backflow, helping to move blood up and away from the ankles toward the heart? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Answer 58

Valves ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Question 59

While ___ facilitate venous blood movement toward the heart, veins sometimes need some “outside” help. This is particularly true for veins of the ___ extremities. Although blood pressure is very high in arterial circulation, it decreases to almost ___ mm Hg in veins. The pressure in the veins is so low, in fact, that it alone cannot return blood from the veins back to the heart. The “outside” help is the ___ ___ ___. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Answer 59

valves lower 0 skeletal muscle pump ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Question 60

Large veins in the leg are surrounded by ___ ___. When ___ ___ are relaxed and blood flow slows, valves close. As ___ ___ contract, they squeeze the large veins, thereby opening valves and forcing blood toward the heart. This mechanism is called the ___ ___ ___. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Answer 60

skeletal muscles x 3 skeletal muscle pump ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Question 61

What improves venous blood return and prevents blood stagnation and thrombosis (blood clot formation)? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Answer 61

Exercise ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Question 62

Which vessels store blood? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Answer 62

Veins ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Question 63

What is the total blood volume percentage found on the venous circulation side? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Answer 63

70% ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Question 64

Veins are called ___ vessels because they store blood. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Answer 64

Capacitance ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Question 65

When stored blood is needed, the veins constrict (___) and move blood to the heart for circulation. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Answer 65

venoconstriction ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 344)

Question 66

Skeletal Muscle Pump ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 345)

Answer 66

## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 345)

Question 67

Portal blood delivery to the ___ is important because the ___ plays a critical role in glucose, fats, and protein metabolism. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

Answer 67

liver x 2 ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

Question 68

Where are many nutrients exracted from blood to be modified? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

Answer 68

Liver ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

Question 69

What has immediate access to large glucose amounts absorbed into the blood following digestion? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

Answer 69

Liver ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

Question 70

What uses glucose to regulate blood sugar? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

Answer 70

Liver ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

Question 71

What removes excess glucose and stores it as glycogen or releases glucose into the blood to maintain a normal blood sugar? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

Answer 71

Liver ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

Question 72

What prevents nitrogen from entering the general circulation as ammonia? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

Answer 72

Liver ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

Question 73

What is excreted by the liver into the blood in the form of urea? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

Answer 73

Nitrogen ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

Question 74

What is less toxic than ammonia and is easily eliminated by the kidneys? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

Answer 74

Urea ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

Question 75

The three blood vessels associated with hepatic circulation are the hepatic ___, the hepatic ___, and the hepatic ___ ___. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

Answer 75

artery veins portal system ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

Question 76

The hepatic ___ is a celiac trunk branch, a large ___ that branches off the abdominal aorta. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

Answer 76

artery x 2 ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

Question 77

What carries oxygen-rich blood to the liver? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

Answer 77

Hepatic Artery ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

Question 78

What drains blood from the liver and delivers it to the inferior vena cava? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

Answer 78

Hepatic Veins ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

Question 79

The hepatic portal system is a unique vein arrangement that delivers ___% of blood flow to the liver. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

Answer 79

80 ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

Question 80

What arrangement delivers venous blood to the liver? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

Answer 80

Hepatic Portal System ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

Question 81

Which system refers to a blood vessel arrangement in which the blood from one organ(s) is immediately delivered to a second organ(s) before being returned to the heart and lungs for oxygenation? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

Answer 81

Portal ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

Question 82

Which system delivers blood, rich in digestive end products, from all the different digestive organs to the liver? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

Answer 82

Hepatic Portal ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

Question 83

Which large vein carries blood from the digestive organs to the liver? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

Answer 83

Hepatic Portal ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

Question 84

What is formed by the union of two large veins: the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

Answer 84

Portal Vein ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

Question 85

Which vein receives blood from the small intestine (where most digestion and absorption occur) and the first part of the large intestine? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

Answer 85

Superior Mesenteric ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

Question 86

Which vein receives blood from the stomach, spleen, and pancreas? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

Answer 86

Splenic ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

Question 87

Which vein receives blood from the inferior mesenteric vein, which drains the distal per of the large intestine? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

Answer 87

Splenic ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

Question 88

Which vein delivers blood rich in digestive end products directly to the liver? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

Answer 88

Portal ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 352)

Question 89

What carries oxygen-rich blood to the liver? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 353)

Answer 89

Hepatic Artery ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 353)

Question 90

What carries blood rich in digestion products but poor in oxygen content to the liver? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 353)

Answer 90

Portal Vein ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 353)

Question 91

Once in the liver, blood from both the hepatic artery and portal vein perfuses the capillaries called hepatic ___. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 353)

Answer 91

sinusoids ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 353)

Question 92

Which structures have large pores that permit the mixing of arterial and venous blood and facilitate the delivery of digestive end-products to the liver cells? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, pp. 353, 354)

Answer 92

Sinusoids ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, pp. 353, 354)

Question 93

Which structures are lined with phagocytic Kupffer cells? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 354)

Answer 93

Sinusoids ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 354)

Question 94

Which cells remove bacteria from portal blood before it enters general circulation? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 354)

Answer 94

Kupffer ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 354)

Question 95

Hepatic Portal Circulation ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 353)

Answer 95

## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 353)

Question 96

Ventricles pump blood into the arteries about ___ times/min. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 354)

Answer 96

72 ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 354)

Question 97

What is the alternating expansion and recoil pressure wave (similar to vibration) that travels through all the arteries? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 354)

Answer 97

Pulse ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 354)

Question 98

What is often described as a “heartbeat that can be felt at the wrist" because it is caused by the rhythmic contraction of the heart’s ventricles? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 355)

Answer 98

Pulse ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 355)

Question 99

Which artery is most often used to feel a pulse although it can be felt in any artery lying close to the body's surface? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 355)

Answer 99

Radial ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 355)

Question 100

What can be determined by feeling a pulse? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 355)

Answer 100

Heart Rate (HR) ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 355)

Question 101

A normal heart rate is about ___ beats/min. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 355)

Answer 101

72 ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 355)

Question 102

What can determine if the heart is beating regularly (rhythmically) or irregularly? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 355)

Answer 102

Pulse ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 355)

Question 103

At times, the heart contracts so weakly that the heartbeat cannot be felt over the ___ artery; this happens in a person who has lost a lot of blood and is in shock. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 356)

Answer 103

radial ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 356)

Question 104

EDIT What may be described as being “rapid and thready” or “full or bounding,” as happens in a person with excess blood volume? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 356)

Answer 104

Pulse ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 356)

Question 105

What may be absent if an artery is blocked or occluded? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 356)

Answer 105

Pulse ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 356)

Question 106

Which pulse may be undetectable in a person with poor arterial foot circulation, as occurs with many diabetic persons? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 356)

Answer 106

Dorsalis Pedis ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 356)

Question 107

A pulse ___ is the difference between a heart rate (HR) as determined by auscultation at the apex of the heart and the heart rate (HR) as determined by radial artery palpation. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 356)

Answer 107

deficit ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 356)

Question 108

In certain clinical conditions, such as atrial fibrillation, the heart beats, but it does so ineffectively. Consequently, the vibration set up in the arterial wall is too weak to be felt at the wrist (___ pulse). ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 356)

Answer 108

radial ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 356)

Question 109

The underlying cause of a pulse deficit is easily detected with an ___ (___). ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 356)

Answer 109

**electrocardiogram** (**ECG**) ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 356)

Question 110

## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 356)

Answer 110

## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 356)

Question 111

DELETE CARD

Answer 111

DELETE CARD

Question 113

DELETE CARD

Answer 113

DELETE CARD