Respiratory System

Question 1

Which system delivers oxygen-rich air into the body and excretes carbon dioxide–rich air from the body?

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 400)

Answer 1

Respiratory

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 400)

Question 2

Which system filters and humidifies inhaled air?

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 400)

Answer 2

Respiratory

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 400)

Question 3

Which system regulates acid-base balance?

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 400)

Answer 3

Respiratory

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 400)

Question 4

Which system produces and modulates various sounds, including the voice?

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 400)

Answer 4

Respiratory

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 400)

Question 5

Which system houses the olfactory (smell) chemoreceptors?

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 400)

Answer 5

Respiratory

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 400)

Question 6

Which tract contains the respiratory organs located outside the chest cavity: the nose and nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, and upper trachea?

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 400)

Answer 6

Upper

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 400)

Question 7

Which respiratory tract consists of organs located in the chest cavity: the lower trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli?

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 400)

Answer 7

Lower

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 400)

Question 8

Where are the lower parts of the bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli?

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 400)

Answer 8

Lungs

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 400)

Question 9

Which respiratory tract includes the pleural membranes and the muscles that form the chest cavity?

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 400)

Answer 9

Lower

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 400)

Question 10

What is the movement of air through the respiratory passages?

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 401)

Answer 10

Conduction

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 401)

Question 11

What are the tiny air sacs located at the distal ends of the respiratory passages?

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 401)

Answer 11

Alveoli

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 401)

Question 12

What is concerned with oxygen and carbon dioxide (respiratory gas) exhange - between air and blood across the pulmonary capillaries walls?

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 401)

Answer 12

Alveoli

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 401)

Question 13

What are the two nose portions?

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Answer 13

External

Internal

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Question 14

Which nose portion forms part of the face?

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Answer 14

External

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Question 15

What is the internal nose portion?

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Answer 15

Nasal Cavity

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Question 16

Which partition, made of bone and cartilage, separates the nasal cavity into right and left halves?

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Answer 16

Septum

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Question 17

Where does air enter the nasal cavities?

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Answer 17

Nostrils

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Question 18

What filters large dust particles that might otherwise be inhaled in the nostrils?

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Answer 18

Hair

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Question 19

What contains the receptor cells for the sense of smell?

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Answer 19

Nasal Cavities

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Question 20

Which receptors are responsible for covering the mucous membrane of the upper parts of the nasal cavities and a portion of the nasal septum?

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Answer 20

Olfactory

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Question 21

What are the bony projections that appear on the lateral walls of the nasal cavities?

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Answer 21

Conchae

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Question 22

What increases the surface area of the nasal cavities and supports the ciliated mucous membranes that line the nasal cavities?

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Answer 22

Conchae

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Question 23

Which membranes contain many blood vessels and mucus-secreting cells?

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Answer 23

Mucus

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Question 24

What warms and moistens air while sticky mucus traps dust, pollen, and other small particles, thereby cleansing the air as it is inhaled?

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Answer 24

Blood

(Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Question 25

Where does mucus drain through into the nasal cavities? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Answer 25

Paranasal Sinuses ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Question 26

What are the four paranasal sinuses? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Answer 26

Maxillary Frontal Ethmoidal Sphenoidal ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Question 27

Through which ducts do tears drain into the nasal cavities? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Answer 27

Nasolacrimal ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Question 28

What is located behind the oral cavity and between the nasal cavities and the larynx? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Answer 28

Pharynx | Throat ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Question 29

What are the pharynx's three parts? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Answer 29

Nasopharynx (Upper Section) Oropharynx (Middle Section) Laryngopharynx (Lower Section) ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Question 30

Which two pharynx parts are part of both the digestive and respiratory systems; they function as passageways for both food and air? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Answer 30

Oropharynx Laryngopharynx ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Question 31

Where does the pharynx send food? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Answer 31

Esophagus ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Question 32

Which tube sends food toward the stomach? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Answer 32

Esophagus ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Question 33

Where does the pharynx conduct air as it moves toward the lungs? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Answer 33

Larynx ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Question 34

Which two structures does the pharynx contain? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Answer 34

Eustachian Tubes (Auditory Tubes) Tonsils ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Question 35

What connects the nasopharynx with the middle ear? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Answer 35

Eustachian Tube | Auditory Tubes ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Question 36

What is located between the pharynx and trachea? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Answer 36

Larynx | Voice Box ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Question 37

What acts as a passageway for air during breathing, produces sound (voice), and prevents food and other foreign objects from entering the distal respiratory structures? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Answer 37

Larynx | Voice Box ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Question 38

Which triangular structure is made primarily of cartilage, muscles, and ligaments? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Answer 38

Larynx | Voice Box ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Question 39

What are the largest cartilaginous larynx structures? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Answer 39

Thyroid | Adam’s Apple ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Question 40

What is the tough, hyaline cartilage that protrudes in the front of the neck? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Answer 40

Thyroid | Adam’s Apple ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Question 41

Which cartilaginous structure's location is at the top of the larynx? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Answer 41

Epiglottis ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Question 42

What acts as an important flap? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Answer 42

Epiglottis ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Question 43

What covers the trachea opening during swallowing ensuring food does not enter the lungs? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Answer 43

Epiglottis ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Question 44

What contains the vocal cords? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Answer 44

Larynx ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Question 45

What are the tissue folds composed of muscle and elastic ligaments covered by mucous membrane? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Answer 45

Vocal Cords ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Question 46

What stretches across the larynx's upper part? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Answer 46

Vocal Cords ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Question 47

What is the space or opening between the vocal cords? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Answer 47

Glottis ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Question 48

What are the two vocal cord types? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Answer 48

False True ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Question 49

Which vocal cord type does not produce sound? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Answer 49

False ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Question 50

Which vocal cord's muscles help to close the airway during swallowing? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Answer 50

False ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Question 51

Which vocal cords produce sound? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Answer 51

True ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Question 52

Which voice characteristic depends on the force with which the air moves past the true vocal cords? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Answer 52

Volume ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Question 53

Which voice characteristic depends on the tension exerted on the true vocal cord muscles? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Answer 53

Pitch ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Question 54

What is the formed sound with the pharynx, oral cavity, tongue, and lip movement? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Answer 54

Words ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Question 55

Which chambers do the nasal cavities, sinuses, and pharynx act as to alter voice quality? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Answer 55

Resonating ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Question 56

What influences the male larynx to enlarge and the vocal cords to become longer and thicker at puberty? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Answer 56

Testosterone ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Question 57

What acts as a passageway for food, water, and air? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Answer 57

Pharynx | Throat ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Question 58

Where should food and water in the pharynx not enter? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Answer 58

Larynx ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Question 59

What opens to have air pass thorough to tubes that carry the air to the lungs during breath? ## Footnote when air is breathed an

Answer 59

Glottis ## Footnote when air is breathed an

Question 60

What covers the glottis when swallowing food, thereby preventing food from entering the lower respiratory passages? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Answer 60

Epiglottis ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Question 61

Which tube that empties into the stomach does food enter? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Answer 61

Esophagus ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Question 62

What moves upward and forward while the epiglottis moves downward when swallowing? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Answer 62

Larynx ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Question 63

What closes during epiglottis movement? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Answer 63

Glottis ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Question 64

What plays a key role in preventing the entrance of food or water into the respiratory tubes? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Answer 64

Swallowing ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Question 65

What is the entrance of food or water into the lungs? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Answer 65

Aspiration ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 404)

Question 66

What tube is 4 to 5 inches (10 to 12.5 cm) long and 1 inch (2.5 cm) in diameter? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 405)

Answer 66

Trachea | Windpipe ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 405)

Question 67

What extends from the larynx downward into the thoracic cavity, where it splits into the right and left bronchi? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 405)

Answer 67

Trachea ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 405)

Question 68

What is the point at the manubriosternal junction (manubrium of the sternum meets the sternal body) where the trachea splits (bifurcates)? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 405)

Answer 68

Carina ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 405)

Question 69

What is sensitive and causes vigorous coughing when touched during suctioning? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 405)

Answer 69

Carina ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 405)

Question 70

What conducts air to and from the lungs? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 405)

Answer 70

Trachea ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 405)

Question 71

What lies in front of the esophagus (the food tube)? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 405)

Answer 71

Trachea ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 405)

Question 72

What cartilage structures partially surround the trachea for its entire length and serve to keep it open? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 405)

Answer 72

C-Shaped Rings ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 405)

Question 73

What are open on the back side of the trachea so that the esophagus can bulge forward as food moves along the esophagus to the stomach? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 405)

Answer 73

C-Shaped Rings ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 405)

Question 74

Which cartilaginous structures are felt along the front of the neck? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 405)

Answer 74

C-Shaped Rings ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 405)

Question 75

Which strong cartilaginous support would the trachea collapse without, shutting off the air flow through the respiratory passages? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 405)

Answer 75

C-Shaped Rings ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 405)

Question 76

What are the three bronchial tree parts? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Answer 76

Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Question 77

What resemble an upside-down tree? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Answer 77

Bronchial Tree ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Question 78

Where is most of the bronchial tree? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Answer 78

Lungs ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Question 79

What are formed as the lower part of the trachea divides into two tubes? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Answer 79

Primary Bronchi (Right and Left) ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Question 80

Which region does the primary bronchi enter the lungs? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Answer 80

Hilus ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Question 81

What do the primary bronchi branch into? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Answer 81

Secondary Bronchi ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Question 82

What does the secondary bronchi branch into? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Answer 82

Tertiary Bronchi ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Question 83

Which bronchus is narrower and positioned more horizontally? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Answer 83

Left | Because the heart lies toward the left side of the chest. ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Question 84

Which bronchus is shorter and wider and extends downward in a more vertical direction? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Answer 84

Right ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Question 85

Which bronchus are food particles and small objects more easily inhaled or aspirated because of the differences in the size and positioning? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Answer 85

Right ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Question 86

Which cartilaginous structures do the upper segments of the bronchi have to help keep it open? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Answer 86

C-Shaped Rings ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Question 87

What decreases and finally disappears as the bronchi extend into the lungs?

Answer 87

Cartilage

Question 88

What does not exist in the finer and more distal branches of the bronchi? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Answer 88

Cartilage ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Question 89

Which smaller tubes do the bronchi divide repeatedly into? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Answer 89

Bronchioles ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Question 90

Which structure's walls contain smooth muscle and no cartilage? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Answer 90

Bronchioles ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Question 91

Where do the bronchioles regulate air flow? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Answer 91

Alveoli ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Question 92

What causes the bronchiolar smooth muscle to constrict, thereby decreasing the bronchiolar lumen (opening) and thus decreasing air flow? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Answer 92

Contraction ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Question 93

What causes the lumen to increase, thereby increasing the flow of air? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Answer 93

Relaxation ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Question 94

What do bronchiolar smooth muscle relaxants cause, thereby improving air flow and relieving wheezing? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Answer 94

Bronchodilation ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Question 95

Which structure contains beta2-adrenergic receptors? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Answer 95

Bronchioles ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Question 96

Which receptors cause relaxation of the bronchiolar smooth muscle, thus inducing bronchodilation and improved air flow when stimulated? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Answer 96

Beta2-Adrenergic ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Question 97

What does a beta2-adrenergic agonist drug, such as albuterol, cause? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Answer 97

Bronchodilaton ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Question 98

What a beta-adrenergic blocker drug, such as propranolol, cause? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Answer 98

Bronchoconstriction | Contraindicated in asthmatic patients. ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Question 99

Which ducts do the bronchioles divide into and give rise? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Answer 99

Alveolar ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Question 100

Which ducts end in very small, grapelike structures called alveoli? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Answer 100

Alveolar ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Question 101

What are the tiny air sacs that form at the distal ends of the respiratory passages? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Answer 101

Alveoli ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Question 102

What do pulmonary capillaries surround? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Answer 102

Alveolus ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Question 103

What functions to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide across the alveolar–pulmonary capillary membrane? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Answer 103

Alveoli ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Question 104

What diffuses from the alveoli into the blood? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Answer 104

Oxygen ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Question 105

What diffuses from the blood into the alveoli? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Answer 105

Carbon Dioxide ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 407)

Question 106

What extends from an area just above the clavicles to the diaphragm? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Answer 106

Lungs ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Question 107

Which cavities are the lungs located? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Answer 107

Pleural ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Question 108

What are the soft cone-shaped organs that are so large they occupy most of the thoracic cavity space? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Answer 108

Lungs ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Question 109

What are the lungs subdivied into? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Answer 109

Lobes ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Question 110

What are the right lung's three lobes? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Answer 110

Superior Middle Inferior ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Question 111

What are the left lung's two lobes? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Answer 111

Superior Inferior ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Question 112

Which lung only has two lobes because of the heart's location in the chest? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Answer 112

Left ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Question 113

What is the upper rounded lung portion? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Answer 113

Apex ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Question 114

What is the lower lung portion? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Answer 114

Base ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Question 115

Which lung portion rests on the diaphragm? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Answer 115

Base ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Question 116

Organs of the Respiratory System ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 401)

Answer 116

## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 401)

Question 117

## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Answer 117

## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 402)

Question 118

FIX AND COVER ORPHARYN ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 403)

Answer 118

## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 403)

Question 119

## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 406)

Answer 119

## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 406)

Question 120

Which continuous serous membrane lines the outside of each lung and inner chest wall? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Answer 120

Pleura ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Question 121

Which pleura membrane lines the outer lung's surface? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Answer 121

Visceral ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Question 122

Which pleura membrane lines the chest wall? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Answer 122

Parietal ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Question 123

What are attracted to each other like two flat plates of glass whose surfaces are wet (able to slide past one another, but offering some resistance when pulled apart)? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Answer 123

Visceral Pleura Parietal Pleura ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Question 124

What is the space between the visceral pleura and parietal pleura? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Answer 124

Intrapleural ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Question 125

Which fluid do the pleural membranes secrete a small amount of (approximately 25 mL)? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Answer 125

Serous ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Question 126

Which fluid lubricates the pleural membranes and allows them to slide past one another with little friction or discomfort? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Answer 126

Serous Fluid ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Question 127

Which abnormal condition exists when the intrapleural space accumulate excess fluid, blood, and air? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Answer 127

Pleural Effusion ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Question 128

What is an excess secretion of pleural fluid? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Answer 128

Pleural Effusion ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Question 129

What is a purulent (with pus) pleural effusion? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Answer 129

Empyema ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Question 130

## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Answer 130

## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Question 131

Which state must the lungs be in to occupy most of the thoracic cage? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Answer 131

Expanded ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Question 132

What expands similarly to inflated balloons? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Answer 132

Lungs ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Question 133

What happens to a balloon (lung) when the open end is not tied and air rushed out? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Answer 133

Collapse ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 408)

Question 134

Which fiber arrangement causes lungs to collapse? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 409)

Answer 134

Elastic ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 409)

Question 135

Which fibers remains stretched only when tension is applied [the air blown into the balloon (lung) stretches the balloon (lung)]? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 409)

Answer 135

Elastic ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 409)

Question 136

What occurs to elastic fibers when the end of the balloon (lung) is not tied off, forcing air out and collapsing the balloon (lung)? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 409)

Answer 136

Recoil ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 409)

Question 137

What occurs when the lung's elastic tissue stretches and then returns to its unstretched position if tension is released? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 409)

Answer 137

Recoil ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 409)

Question 138

Which force causes lungs to collapse? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 409)

Answer 138

Surface Tension ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 409)

Question 139

What does a thin layer of water line the inside of? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 409)

Answer 139

Alveolus ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 409)

Question 140

Which polar molecule has a positive (+) charge on one end and a negative (−) charge on the other? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 409)

Answer 140

Water ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 409)

Question 141

Which mocule's positive (+) end is attracted to the negative (−) charge on a second molecule? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 409)

Answer 141

Water ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 409)

Question 142

Which molecule pulls on the other and on the molecules beneath them? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 409)

Answer 142

Water ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 409)

Question 143

What is the electrical attraction of the water molecules? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 409)

Answer 143

Surface Tension ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 409)

Question 144

What is made smaller as water molecules pull on one another? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 409)

Answer 144

Alveolus ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 409)

Question 145

What collapses as the water molecules pull on one another? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 409)

Answer 145

Alveoli ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 409)

Question 146

What is normall very high in pure water? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 409)

Answer 146

Surface Tension ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 409)

Question 147

What do special alveolar cells in the mature secrete? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 409)

Answer 147

Surfactants ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 409)

Question 148

What are detergent-like lipoproteins that decrease surface tension by interfering with the electrical attraction between the water molecules on the inner surface of the alveolus? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 409)

Answer 148

Surfactants ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 409)

Question 149

What stimulates surfactant secretion? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 409)

Answer 149

Sigh ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 409)

Question 150

What is the larger-than-normal breath a person takes after every five or six breaths? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 409)

Answer 150

Sigh ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 409)

Question 151

What stretches the alveoli, promoting the surfactant secretion? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 409)

Answer 151

Sigh ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 409)

Question 152

What lowers surface tension but does not eliminate it? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 409)

Answer 152

Surfactants ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 409)

Question 153

What remains a force that acts to collapse the alveoli? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 409)

Answer 153

Surface Tension ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 409)

Question 154

Which lung state depends on intrapleural space pressure? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 410)

Answer 154

Expansion ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 410)

Question 155

What the three intrapleural space pressures? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 410)

Answer 155

Atmospheric Pressure (P1) Intrapulmonic Pressure (P2) Intrapleural Pressure (P3) ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 410)

Question 156

Which intrapleural space pressure is outside the chest (the pressure in the room)? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 410)

Answer 156

Atmospheric Pressure (P1) ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 410)

Question 157

Which intrapleural space pressure is in the lung? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 410)

Answer 157

Intrapulmonic Pressure (P2) ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 410)

Question 158

Which intrapleural space pressure is in the intrapleural space? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 410)

Answer 158

Intrapleural Pressure (P3) ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 410)

Question 159

## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 409)

Answer 159

## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 409)

Question 160

What is created in the right chest wall so that the right lung collapses? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 410)

Answer 160

Hole ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 410)

Question 161

What, in the chest wall, causes all the pressures are equal? | P1 = P2 = P3 ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 410)

Answer 161

Hole ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 410)

Question 162

Which pressure decreases and becomes negative (lower) when a tube attached to an air removal pump is inserted through a hole in the right chest wall? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 410)

Answer 162

Intrapleural Pressure (P3) | Lower than Atmospheric Pressure (P1) and Intrapulmonic Pressure (P2). ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 410, 411)

Question 163

Which pressure pushes the lung toward the chest wall, causing the lung to expand [greater intrapulmonic pressure (P2)]? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 411)

Answer 163

Negative Intrapleural Pressure (P3) ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 411)

Question 164

Which pressure pushes the chest wall inward toward the lung [higher atmospheric pressure (P1)]? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 411)

Answer 164

Negative Intrapleural Pressure (P3) ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 411)

Question 165

What occurs when the chest wall and the lungs meet? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 411)

Answer 165

Expansion ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 411)

Question 166

Which pressure causes the lungs to expands and remain expanded? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 411)

Answer 166

Negative Intrapleural Pressure (P3) ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 411)

Question 167

Which pressure is eliminated when an air pump is removed, creating a hole in the chest wall [higher atmospheric pressure (P1)], and air rushes into the intrapleural space through the hole (as a result, the lung collapes)? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 411)

Answer 167

Negative Intrapleural Pressure (P3) ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 411)

Question 168

Which pressure must exist for the lungs to expand? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 411)

Answer 168

Negative Intrapleural Pressure (P3) ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 411)

Question 169

Which pressure does air rushing into the intrapleural space by a hole created by a knife eliminate? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 411)

Answer 169

Negative Intrapleural Pressure (P3) ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 411)

Question 170

What is the introduction of air into the intrapleural space and subsequent collapse of the lung? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 411)

Answer 170

Pneumothorax | Pneumo means “air”; thorax means “chest”. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 411)

Question 171

Which space causes the lungs to collapse when air is introduced through a surgical incision of the chest wall into the pleural cavity? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 411)

Answer 171

Intrapleural ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 411)

Question 172

Because the ___ ___ (___) is higher than the ___ ___ (___), air rushes into the intrapleural space through the hole in the lung, thereby eliminating the negative intrapleural pressure and collapsing the lung. ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 411)

Answer 172

intrapulmonic pressure (P2) intrapleural pressure (P3) ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 411)

Question 173

Sometimes people with ___ develop blebs, or blisters, on the outer surface of their lungs. The blebs rupture and create a hole between the intrapulmonic and intrapleural spaces, causing air to rush into the intrapleural space and collapsing the lung. ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 411)

Answer 173

emphysema ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 411)

Question 174

What can be done for a collapsed lung? The physician inserts a tube through the chest wall into the intrapleural space and pulls air out of the intrapleural space. As the air leaves the intrapleural space, ___ pressure is reestablished, and the lung expands. Sometimes the physician inserts a large needle into the intrapleural space to aspirate, or withdraw, air, blood, and pus in a procedure called a ___, which facilitates lung expansion. ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 411)

Answer 174

negative thoracentesis ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 411)

Question 175

The ___ pressure remains negative only when no hole exists in the chest wall or the lungs. ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 411)

Answer 175

intrapleural ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 411)

Question 176

Lung Expansion and Collapse ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 411)

Answer 176

A) Expand B) Collapse C) Expand D) Expand E) Collapse Collapse ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 411)

Question 177

What elastic recoil's measurement that can be illustrated by two balloons? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 411)

Answer 177

Compliance ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 411)

Question 178

One balloon has never been inflated and is stiff. A second balloon has been inflated many times and has lost some of its elasticity (elastic recoil); it appears baggy. The baggy balloon is easier to inflate because it has lost some of its elasticity and is less stiff. Translation: The baggy balloon is more ___ (stretchy). The new balloon is less ___ (stiff) and is therefore more difficult to inflate. ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 411)

Answer 178

compliant x 2 ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 411)

Question 179

What includes breathing and involves the entire gas exchange process between the atmosphere and the body’s cells? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 412)

Answer 179

Respiration ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 412)

Question 180

What is respiration's three steps? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 412)

Answer 180

Ventilation (Breathing) Exchange - Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport - Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide by Blood ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 412)

Question 181

What air movement in and out of the lungs? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 412)

Answer 181

Ventilation | Breathing ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 412)

Question 182

What are ventilation's two phases? ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 412)

Answer 182

Inhalation Exhalation ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 412)

Question 183

Which phase is breathing-in? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 412)

Answer 183

Inspiration ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 412)

Question 184

What occurs when oxygen-rich air moves into tiny air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 412)

Answer 184

Inspiration ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 412)

Question 185

What phase is breathing-out? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 412)

Answer 185

Exhalation | Expiration ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 412)

Question 186

Wich phase occurs when air rich in carbon dioxide is moved out of the lungs? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 412)

Answer 186

Exhalation ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 412)

Question 187

Which cycle consists of one inhalation and one exhalation? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 412)

Answer 187

Respiratory ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 412)

Question 188

What law explains the relationship between pressure and volume? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 412)

Answer 188

Boyle's ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 412)

Question 189

What causes high bicycle tire pressure when small? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 412)

Answer 189

Volume ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 412)

Question 190

What causes low bicycle tire pressure when great? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 412)

Answer 190

Volume ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 412)

Question 191

What law states that if volume changes, pressure changes? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 412)

Answer 191

Boyle's ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 412)

Question 192

What law is ventilation based on? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 412)

Answer 192

Boyle's ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 412)

Question 193

## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 413)

Answer 193

Boyle's Law A) Low volume, high pressure B) High volume, low pressure ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 413)

Question 194

Which phase includes increased lung volume when the thoracic cage moves up and out? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 413)

Answer 194

Inhalation ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 413)

Question 195

Which pressure does the increased lung volume, during inhalation, decrease? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 413)

Answer 195

Intrapulmonic Pressure (P2) ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 413)

Question 196

During inhlation, ___ ___ (___) becomes less than ___ ___ (___) (the air breathed). ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 413)

Answer 196

intrapulmonic pressure (P2) atmospheric pressure (P1) ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 413)

Question 197

Which phase includes air flowing from higher pressure to lower pressure? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 413)

Answer 197

Inhalation | From the nose and into the lungs. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 413)

Question 198

Which phase includes decreased lung volume when the ribs cage returns to its resting poistion? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 413)

Answer 198

Exhalation ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 413)

Question 199

During exhalation, decreased lung volume causes ___ ___ (___) to increase and become higher than ___ ___ (___). ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 413)

Answer 199

intrapulmonic pressure (P2) atmospheric pressure (P1) ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 413)

Question 200

Which phase includes air flowing from lower pressure to higher pressure? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 413)

Answer 200

Exhalation | Air flows out of the lungs through the nose. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 413)

Question 201

What makes air flow respond? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 413)

Answer 201

Pressure ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 413)

Question 202

Which muscles (contraction and relaxtion) cause thoracic volume change? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 413)

Answer 202

Respiratory ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 413)

Question 203

Which two respiratory muscles contract on inhalation? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 413)

Answer 203

Diaphragm Intercostals ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 413)

Question 204

Which dome-shaped muscle forms the thoracic cavity floor and separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 pp. 413, 414)

Answer 204

Diaphragm ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 413)

Question 205

What is inhalation's chief muscle? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 pp. 413, 414)

Answer 205

Diaphragm ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 413)

Question 206

Which muscle state flattens the diaphragm and pulls it downward, toward the abdomen? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 414)

Answer 206

Contraction ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 414)

Question 207

Which muscle increases the thoracic cavity length when contracted? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 414)

Answer 207

Diaphragm ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 414)

Question 208

Which muscle accounts for most of the thoracic volume increase during quiet breathing? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 414)

Answer 208

Diaphragm ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 414)

Question 209

Which muscles are located between the ribs? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 414)

Answer 209

Intercostals ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 414)

Question 210

## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 414)

Answer 210

## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 414)

Question 211

What are the two intercostal muscles? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 414)

Answer 211

External Internal ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 414)

Question 212

Which intercostal muscles move the rib cage up and out, thereby increasing the width of the thoracic cavity when contracted? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 414)

Answer 212

External ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 414)

Question 213

Which cavity's size increases in three directions: front to back, side to side, and lengthwise? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 414)

Answer 213

Thoracic ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 414)

Question 214

Which volume increases as lung volume increases? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 415)

Answer 214

Thoracic ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 415)

Question 215

Which phase occurs when the respiration muscles relax and allow the ribs and diaphragm to return to their original positions? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 415)

Answer 215

Exhaltion ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 415)

Question 216

Which phase decreases thoracic and lung volume and increases lung pressure? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 415)

Answer 216

Exhalation ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 415)

Question 217

What does lung tissue's elastic recoil and surface tension within the alveoli aid with? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 415)

Answer 217

Exhalation ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 415)

Question 218

Which exhalation uses the respiratory accessory muscles including the abdominal wall and internal intercostal muscles? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 415)

Answer 218

Forced ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 415)

Question 219

Which exhalation process includes accessory respiration muscle contraction, pulling the bottom of the rib cage down and in, and forcing the abdominal viscera upward toward the relaxed diaphragm? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 415)

Answer 219

Forced ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 415)

Question 220

Which phase is an active process? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 415)

Answer 220

Inhalation ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 415)

Question 221

Which phase uses adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (energy) during muscle contraction? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 415)

Answer 221

Inhalation ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 415)

Question 222

Which phase, associated with normal quiet breathing, is passive? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 415)

Answer 222

Exhalation ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 415)

Question 223

Which phase is caused by muscle relaxation and requires no adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (energy)? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 415)

Answer 223

Exhalation ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 415)

Question 224

Which exhalation process includes excercise, where the accessory respiratory muscles contract and become energy using or active? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 415)

Answer 224

Forced ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 415)

Question 225

What occurs in response to changes in the thoracic volume (caused by muscle contraction and relaxation)? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 415)

Answer 225

Ventilation ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 415)

Question 226

What stimulates the respiratory muscles (skeletal muscles) to contract? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 415)

Answer 226

Motor Nerves ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 415)

Question 227

Which two motor nerves supply the respiratory muscles? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 415)

Answer 227

Phrenic Intercostal ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 415)

Question 228

Which nerve exits from the spinal cord at the C4 level, travels within the cervical plexus, and is distributed to the diaphragm? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 415)

Answer 228

Phrenic ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 415)

Question 229

Which nerve stimulates diaphragm contraction when fired? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 415)

Answer 229

Phrenic ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 415)

Question 230

Which nerves supply the intercostal muscles? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 415)

Answer 230

Intercostal ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 415)

Question 231

Which two nerves initiate inhalation when fired? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 415)

Answer 231

Phrenic Intercostal ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 415)

Question 232

EDIT EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS Steps in Ventilation ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 416)

Answer 232

EDIT EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 416)

Question 233

Which phase delivers fresh oxygen-rich air to the alveoli? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 416)

Answer 233

Inhalation ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 416)

Question 234

Which phase removes carbon dioxide–laden air from the alveoli? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 416)

Answer 234

Exhalation ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 416)

Question 235

What is exchanged respiration's second step? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 416)

Answer 235

Gas ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 416)

Question 236

What are the two respiratory gas exchange sites? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 416)

Answer 236

Lungs Cells ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 416)

Question 237

Which gas exange site exists across the membranes of the alveoli and pulmonary capillaries? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 417)

Answer 237

Lungs ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 417)

Question 238

Three conditions make the alveoli well suited for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange: a large ___ ___, thin ___ and ___ ___ walls, and a short distance between the ___ and ___ ___. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 417)

Answer 238

surface area alveolar, pulmonary capillary alveoli, pulmonary capillaries ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 417)

Question 239

What creates a total surface area of half a tennis court with 350 million per lung? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 417)

Answer 239

Alveoli ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 417)

Question 240

EDIT: CITE What creates a large surface to increase oxygen and carbon dioxide amounts exchanged across the alveolar membranes? ## Footnote ( )

Answer 240

Alveoli

Question 241

Which two lung components have thin walls to favor diffusion because they do not offer much resistance to the oxygen and carbon dioxide across movement the membranes? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 417)

Answer 241

Alveolar Pulmonary Capillaries ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 417)

Question 242

Which lung component is close to the pulmonary capillaries to ensure a high diffusion rate? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 417)

Answer 242

Alveoli ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 417)

Question 243

What relates gas concetrations such as oxygen and carbon dioxide? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 417)

Answer 243

Pressure ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 417)

Question 244

What is high when gas molecules are highly concentrated? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 417)

Answer 244

Pressure ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 417)

Question 245

What happens to molcules that move from areas of higher pressure to areas of lower pressure? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 417)

Answer 245

Diffusion ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 417)

Question 246

What term refers to the total pressure in which each gas part contributes; that is, ordinary room air gas being composed of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 0.04% carbon dioxide? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 417)

Answer 246

Partial ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 417)

Question 247

What is oxygen's partial pressure symbol? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 417)

Answer 247

PO2 ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 417)

Question 248

What is carbon dioxide's partial pressure symbol? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 417)

Answer 248

PCO2 ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 417)

Question 249

Which gas does the body not use? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 417)

Answer 249

Nitrogen ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 417)

Question 250

What diffuses from an area of higher pressure (the alveolus) to the area of lower pressure (the pulmonary capillary)? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Answer 250

Oxygen (O2) ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Question 251

What increases in the blood from 40 mm Hg (blue) to 95 mm Hg (red)? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Answer 251

Oxygen's Parital Pressure (PO2) ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Question 252

Which pressure increases when blood is oxygenated? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Answer 252

Oxygen's Partial Pressure (PO2) ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Question 253

What diffuses from the capillary, the area of higher pressure, to the alveolus, the area of lower pressure? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Answer 253

Carbon Dioxide ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Question 254

Where is carbon dioxide's partial pressure (PCO2) 40 mm Hg when the blood's carbon dioxide partial pressure (PCO2) (blue capillary) is 45 mm Hg? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Answer 254

Alveolus ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Question 255

Because of the carbon dioxide's diffusion out of the blood, carbon dioxide's blood partial pressure (PCO2) decreases from 45 mm Hg at the (blue/red) end of the capillary to 40 mm Hg at the (blue/red) end of the capillary. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Answer 255

blue red ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Question 256

Blood coming from the right side of the heart (blue/red) becomes oxygenated, and the oxygenated blood (blue/red) eventually returns to the left side of the heart, so that it can be pumped throughout the body. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Answer 256

blue red ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Question 257

What is removed as oxygenation occurs? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Answer 257

Carbon Dioxide ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Question 258

What leaves the lungs during exhalation? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Answer 258

Carbon Dioxide ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Question 259

What leaves the blood and diffuses into the cells, where it can be used during cell metabolism? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Answer 259

Oxygen (O2) ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Question 260

What diffuses into the blood as a cell metabolism consequence? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Answer 260

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Question 261

CITATION What has an oxygen parital pressure (PO2) of 40 mm Hg when the the arterial blood's oxygen parital pressure (PO2) is 95 mm Hg?

Answer 261

Cells

Question 262

What diffuses from the blood into the space surrounding the cells during gas exchange? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Answer 262

Oxygen (O2) ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Question 263

What has a carbon dioxide partial pressure (PCO2) of 50 mm Hg when the arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (PCO2) is 40 mm Hg? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Answer 263

Cells ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Question 264

What diffuses from cells into the blood? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Answer 264

Carbon Dioxide ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Question 265

What carries carbon dioxide (CO2) to the lungs for excretion? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Answer 265

Blood ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Question 266

Where does the oxygenated blood from the lungs carry the oxygen? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Answer 266

Cells ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Question 267

What diffuses from the blood into the cells? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Answer 267

Oxygen ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Question 268

What waste do metabolizing cells produced? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Answer 268

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Question 269

What is 40 Hg because the oxygen has been used up by the cells when blood leaves the cells? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Answer 269

Oxygen's Partial Pressure (PO2) ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Question 270

What is 45 Hg because the waste was removed from the cells? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Answer 270

Carbon Dioxide's Partial Pressure (PCO2) ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Question 271

What, in the red blood cells, transports almost all oxygen (98%)? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Answer 271

Hemoglobin ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Question 272

Where is the remaining 2% of oxygen dissolved? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Answer 272

Plasma ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Question 273

What does oxygen form a loose bond with on hemoglobin as soon as it enters pulmonary capillary blood? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Answer 273

Iron ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Question 274

What is the hemoglobin-oxygen molecule? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Answer 274

Oxyhemoglobin ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Question 275

Which molecule does oxygen (O2) unload from to diffuse across the capillary walls to cells as oxygenated blood travels throughout the body? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Answer 275

Hemoglobin ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Question 276

What used by metabolizing cells? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Answer 276

Oxygen (O2) ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Question 277

What carries carbon dioxide (CO2) from the metabolizing cells to the lungs, where it is exhaled? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Answer 277

Blood ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Question 278

To which ion is seventy percent of carbon dioxide converted? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Answer 278

Bicarnonate (HCO3 −) ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Question 279

CITE In which form does blood carry most of carbon dioxide (CO2)?

Answer 279

Bicarbonate (HCO3 −)

Question 280

What does twenty percent of carbon dioxide (CO2) combine with hemoglobin to form? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Answer 280

Carbaminohemoglobin ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Question 281

What carries both oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) but at different sites? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Answer 281

Hemoglobin ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Question 282

What bonds with the globin or protein (amino acids) portion of the hemoglobin? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Answer 282

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Question 283

Where is the remaining ten percent of carbon dioxide dissolved? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Answer 283

Plasma ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Question 284

Oxygen (PO2) and Carbon Dioxide (PCO2) Partial Pressure within the Lungs and at the Cellular Level (in Millimeters of Mercury). ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Answer 284

## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 418)

Question 285

What are the four pulmonary volumes? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 419)

Answer 285

Tidal Inspiratory Reserve Expiratory Reserve Residual ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 419)

Question 286

Which volume includes the amount of air moved into or out of the lungs with each breath and increases with exercise? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 419)

Answer 286

Tidal ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 419)

Question 287

What is the average tidal volume during normal quiet breathing? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 419)

Answer 287

500 mL ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 419)

Question 288

Which volume includes additional inhaled air? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 419)

Answer 288

Inspiratory Reserve ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 419)

Question 289

What is the average inspiratory reserve volume?

Answer 289

3000 mL

Question 290

Which volume includes extra exhaled air? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 419)

Answer 290

Expiratory Reserve ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 419)

Question 291

What is the average expiratory reserve volume?

Answer 291

1100 mL

Question 292

Which volume includes air that remains in the lungs even after a forced exhalation? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 419)

Answer 292

Residual ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 419)

Question 293

What is the average residual volume?

Answer 293

1200 mL

Question 294

Which volume remains in the lungs at all times, even between breaths? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 419)

Answer 294

Residual ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 419)

Question 295

What term refer to he four pulmonary volumes added together? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 419)

Answer 295

Total Lung Capacity ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 419)

Question 296

What term refer to a combination of pulmonary volumes? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 419)

Answer 296

Pulmonary Capacity ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 419)

Question 297

What term refers to the combination of tidal volume (500 mL), inspiratory reserve volume (3000 mL), and expiratory reserve volume (1100 mL)? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 419)

Answer 297

Vital Capacity ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 419)

Question 298

What is the average vital capacity? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 419)

Answer 298

4600 mL ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 419)

Question 299

Which measurement is commonly used in pulmonary function tests? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 419)

Answer 299

Vital Capcity ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 419)

Question 300

What measures the maximal amount of air exhaled after a maximal inhalation? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 419)

Answer 300

Vital Capacity ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 419)

Question 301

What is a commonly used clinical term for forced vital capacity? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 420)

Answer 301

Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV) ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 420)

Question 302

Which measurement includes the fraction of the forced vital capacity exhaled in a specific number of seconds? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 420)

Answer 302

Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV) ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 420)

Question 303

Which measurement's subscript indicates the number of seconds that it lasted? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 420)

Answer 303

Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV) | FEV1 = 1 Second ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 420)

Question 304

Which measurement is defined as the maximal airflow rate during expiration and is found by a handheld flow meter? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 420)

Answer 304

Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 420)

Question 305

Lung Volumes and Capacities

Answer 305

Question 306

DELETE ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 420)

Answer 306

## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 420)

Question 307

DELETE ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 420)

Answer 307

## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 420)

Question 308

DELETE ## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 420)

Answer 308

## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 420)

Question 309

## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 420)

Answer 309

## Footnote (Barbara Herlihy, 2020 p. 420)

Question 310

Where does inhaled air that never reaches the alveoli and stays in the conducting passageways of the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles occupy? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 420)

Answer 310

Dead Space ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 420)

Question 311

Which space does air occupy when it is unavailable for gas exchange?

Answer 311

Dead

Question 312

How much air does dead space hold? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 420)

Answer 312

150 mL ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 420)

Question 313

Where does rapid panting cause a greater percentage inhaled air volume to remain? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 420)

Answer 313

Dead Space ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 420)

Question 314

Pulmonary Volumes and Capacities ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 419)

Answer 314

## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 419)

Question 315

What is rhythmic and involuntary when normal? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 420)

Answer 315

Breathing ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 420)

Question 316

What are the two mechanisms that control breathing? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 420)

Answer 316

Nervous Chemical ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 420)

Question 317

Which mechanism involves several areas of the brain, the most important being the brain stem? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 420)

Answer 317

Nervous ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 420)

Question 318

Throughout what two brain stem areas are special neuron groups widely scattered? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 420)

Answer 318

Medulla Oblongata Pons ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 420)

Question 319

What is the main control center for breathing? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 420)

Answer 319

Medulla Oblongata ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 420)

Question 320

What is the respiratory control center? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 420)

Answer 320

Medulla Oblongata ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 420)

Question 321

What sets the basic breathing rhythm? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 420)

Answer 321

Medulla Oblongata ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 420)

Question 322

What occurs when the inspiratory neurons in the medulla oblongata fire, giving rise to nerve impulses? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 421)

Answer 322

Inhalation ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 421)

Question 323

What travels from the medulla oblongata along the phrenic and intercostal nerves to the muscles of respiration? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 421)

Answer 323

Nerve Impulses ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 421)

Question 324

What does contraction of the respiratory muscles causes? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 421)

Answer 324

Inhalation ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 421)

Question 325

What occurs when the expiratory neurons in the medulla oblongata fire and shut down the inspiratory neurons? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 421)

Answer 325

Exhalation ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 421)

Question 326

What inhibits the formation of nerve impulses and causes the respiratory muscles to relax? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 421, 422)

Answer 326

Exhalation ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 421, 422)

Question 327

What is the result of the alternate firing of the inspiratory and expiratory neurons? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 422)

Answer 327

Breathing ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 42)

Question 328

What contains the pneumotaxic and the apneustic centers? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 422)

Answer 328

Pons ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 422)

Question 329

What two pon centers modify and help control breathing patterns? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 422)

Answer 329

Pneumotaxic Apneustic ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 422)

Question 330

What processes emotional responses, such as anxiety and fear and, in turn, stimulates the brain stem and changes the breathing pattern? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 422)

Answer 330

Hypothalamus ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 422)

Question 331

Of which response is rapid breathing, a response to anxiety or fear, part? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 422)

Answer 331

Fight-or-Flight ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 422)

Question 332

What controls the depth and rate of voluntarily breathing? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 422)

Answer 332

Cerebral Cortex ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 422)

Question 333

Which nerve carries nerve impulses from the lungs to the brain stem? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 422)

Answer 333

Vagus ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 422)

Question 334

Which reflex involves nerve impulses traveling to the brain stem, inhibiting the inspiratory neurons when the lungs become inflated? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 422)

Answer 334

Hering-Breuer ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 422)

Question 335

Which reflex prevents overinflation of the lungs? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 422)

Answer 335

Hering-Breuer ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 422)

Question 336

What are coughing, sneezing, and yawning considered? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 422)

Answer 336

Reflexes ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 422)

Question 337

What three chemicals, dissolved in the blood, affect breathing? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 422)

Answer 337

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Hydrogen Ion Oxygen (O2) ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 422)

Question 338

Which chemical determines pH? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 422)

Answer 338

Hydrogen Ion ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 422)

Question 339

What are the chemosensitive cells that detect chemicals? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 422)

Answer 339

Chemoreceptors ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 422)

Question 340

What stimulates the areas of the brain stem concerned with respiration when activated? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 422)

Answer 340

Chemoreceptors ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 422)

Question 341

What are the two chemoreceptors types? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 422)

Answer 341

Central Peripheral ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 422)

Question 342

Which chemoreceptors are located in the central nervous system (CNS)? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 422)

Answer 342

Central Chemoreceptors ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 422)

Question 343

Which chemoreceptors are located outside the central nervous system (CNS)? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 422)

Answer 343

Peripheral Chemoreceptors ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 422)

Question 344

EDIT CHEMOREPTORS Neural and Chemical Factors That Influence Breathing ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 421)

Answer 344

## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020 p. 421)