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Human Physiology > Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Lymphatic System Flashcards

Barbara Herlihy. (2020). The Human Body in Health and Illness (7th Edition) [Texidium version]. Retrieved from http://texidium.com (96 cards)

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1
Q

What is a condition caused by lymphatic vessel blockage from a small worm (filariae) invasion?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 374)

A

Elephantiasis

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 374)

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2
Q

Which system drains fluid from tissue spaces?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 374)

A

Lymphatic

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 374)

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3
Q

A Lymphedema Form

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 374)

A

Elephantiasis

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 374)

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4
Q

Which system contains lymph, lymphatic vessels, and lymphatic tissues and organs, which are widely scattered throughout the body?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 374)

A

Lymphatic

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 374)

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5
Q

What absorbs fluid and protein from tissue spaces and returns it to the blood?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 374)

A

Lymphatic Vessels

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 374)

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6
Q

Specialized ___ ___ play an important role in intestinal fat and fat-soluble vitamin absorption.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 374)

A

lymphatic vessels

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 374)

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7
Q

What helps the body defend itself against disease?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 374)

A

Lymphatic Tissue

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 374)

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8
Q

What is a clear and pale-yellow fluid that resembles plasma?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 374)

A

Lymph

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 374)

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9
Q

What is composed primarily of water, electrolytes, metabolizing cell waste, and protein that has leaked out of capillaries and into tissue space?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 374)

A

Lymph

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 374)

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10
Q

Water and dissolved substances are continuously filtered out of blood capillaries into the interstitium, forming tissue fluid.

Approximately ___% of this tissue fluid moves back into blood capillaries and is carried away as a venous blood part.

The remaining ___% of tissue fluid that is not reabsorbed into blood capillaries (___ L/day) is drained by ___ ___ surrounding blood capillaries.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 374)

A

85

15, 3, lymphatic capillaries

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 374)

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11
Q

What is the tissue fluid that enters lymphatic vessels?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 374)

A

Lymph

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 374)

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12
Q

Lymphatic vessels include ___ ___ and several larger lymphatic vessels.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 374)

A

lymphatic capillaries

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 374)

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13
Q

What is an extensive network like blood vessels?

(Herlihy, 2020, pp. 374, 375)

A

Lymphatic Vessels

(Herlihy, 2020, pp. 374, 375)

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14
Q

Lymphatic vessel distribution is similar to ___ disturbution.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 375)

A

vein

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 375)

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15
Q

Most body ___ have a rich lymphatic vessel supply.

These vessels pick up tissue fluid and transport it toward the heart.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 375)

A

organs

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 375)

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16
Q

Lymphatic vessels and ___ have a close anatomical relationship.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 375)

A

veins

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 375)

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17
Q

___ ___ walls are made up of a single epithelium layer and have large pores.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 375)

A

Lymphatic capillary

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 375)

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18
Q

What has large-pores that allow lymphatic capillaries to drain tissue fluid and proteins, thereby forming lymph?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 375)

A

Wall

Lymphatic Capillary Wall

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 375)

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19
Q

What flows from lymphatic capillaries toward the heart through a series of larger and larger lymphatic vessels until it reaches the two largest lymphatic ducts?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 375)

A

Lymph

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 375)

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20
Q

Lymph from the right arm, right head, and right thorax side drains into the ___ ___ ___.

Lymph from the rest of the body drains into the ___ ___.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 375)

A

right lymphatic duct

thoracic duct

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 375)

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21
Q

Where do both ducts empty lymph?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 375)

A

Subclavian Veins

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 375)

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22
Q

The right lymphatic duct drains lymph into the ___ ___ vein; the thoracic duct drains lymph into the___ ___ vein.

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 375)

A

right subclavian

left subclavian

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 375)

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23
Q

What comes from blood and returns to blood?

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 375)

A

Lymph

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 375)

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24
Q

Lymph moves in response to the following:

  • Skeletal muscle - “___” action
  • Chest movement during ___
  • Rhythmic ___ ___ contraction in lymphatic vessels
  • ___ presence

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 375)

A

milking

respiration

smooth muscle

Valve

(Herlihy, 2020, p. 375)

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25
As skeletal muscles contract, they squeeze surrounding ___ ___, thereby pushing lymph toward the heart. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 375)
lymphatic vessels ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 375)
26
Chest muscle contraction and relaxation causes pressure changes within the ___ ___. These changes in ___ pressure increase lymph flow toward the subclavian veins. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 375)
thoracic cavity intrathoracic ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 375)
27
Alternating ___ ___ contraction and relaxation cause lymph flow. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 375)
smooth muscle ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 375)
28
Much like veins, lymphatic vessels contain ___. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 375)
valves ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 375)
29
What prevents lymph backflow? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 375)
Valves ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 375)
30
Where must lymph move toward if at all? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 375)
Heart ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 375)
31
## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
32
What includes lymphatic organs and lymphatic nodules? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
Lymphatic Tissue ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
33
Lymphatic ___ are encapsulated lymphatic tissue masses, whereas lymphatic ___ are partially or wholly nonencapsulated. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
organs nodules ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
34
What receives its name because it contains lymphocytes and related cells? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
Lymphatic Tissue ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
35
What helps defend the body against disease; it filters particles such as pathogens and cancer cells from the lymph, tissue fluid, and blood while supporting lymphocyte immune activitity? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
Lymphatic Tissue ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
36
What are the three lymphatic organs? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
Lymph Nodes Thymus Gland Spleen ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
37
What are small pea-shaped lymphatic tissue patches strategically located to filter lymph as it flows through lymphatic vessels? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
Lymph Nodes ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
38
What engages in phagocytosis and is the maturation site of some lymphocytes and monocytes? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
Lymph Nodes ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
39
What tend to appear in clusters? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
Lymph Nodes ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
40
Which lymph nodes drain and cleanse lymph coming from the head and neck areas? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
Cervical ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
41
Enlarged, tender ___ lymph nodes often accompany upper respiratory infections. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
cervical ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
42
Which lymph nodes are located in the armpit? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
Axillary ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
43
Which nodes drain and cleanse lymph coming from the upper extremities, shoulders, and breast area? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
Axillary ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
44
Where are cancer cells that leave the breast often found? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
Axillary Lymph Nodes ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
45
Which lymph nodes are located in the groin region? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
Inguinal ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
46
Which nodes drain and cleanse lymph from the lower extremities and external genitalia? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
Inguinal ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
47
What contains several compartments, called lymph nodules, separated by lymph sinuses? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
Lymph Node ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
48
What are masses of lymphocytes and macrophages? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
Lymph Nodules ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
49
What two defenstive cells are concerned with immunity (one) and phagocytosis (one); they protect the body from disease? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
Lymphocytes Macrophages ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
50
What are separated by lymph sinuses, or lymph-filled spaces? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
Lymph Nodules ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
51
Where do afferent lymphatic vessels carry lymph for cleansing? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
Lymph Node ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
52
Lymph leaves the node through ___ lymphatic vessels as it continues its journey toward the heart. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
efferent ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
53
Lymphatic Vessels Accompany the Veins ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 377)
## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 377)
54
What is located in the mediastinum of the thoracic cavity? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
Thymus Gland ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
55
What is relatively large in infancy and early childhood and shrinks after puberty? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
Thymus Gland ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
56
With advancing age, ___ tissue is gradually replaced by adipose and connective tissue, but the ___ still retains an age-related role in immune function. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
thymus x 2 ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
57
The thymus gland is the home of many ___; some are inactive, whereas others mature into ___ ___ (___ ___), which leave the thymus and travel throughout the body, engaging in immune activity. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
lymphocytes T lymphocytes (T cells) ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
58
What secretes hormones called thymosins? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
Thymus Gland ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
59
Which hormones promote lymphocyte proliferation and maturation in lymphatic tissue throughout the body? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
Thymosins ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 376)
60
What is the largest lymphatic organ in the body? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 377)
Spleen ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 377)
61
What is located in the left upper abdominal quadrant, just beneath the diaphragm, and is normally protected by the lower rib cage? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 377)
Spleen ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 377)
62
What resembles a much larger lymph node? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 377)
Spleen ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 377)
63
What are the spleen's two tissues? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 377)
White Pulp Red Pulp ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 377)
64
Which pulp is lymphatic tissue consisting primarily of lymphocytes surrounding arteries? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 377)
White ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 377)
65
Which pulp contains venous sinuses filled with blood and disease-preventing cells such as lymphocytes and macrophages? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 377)
Red ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 377)
66
Blood enters the spleen through the splenic ___. The cleansed blood leaves the spleen through the splenic ___. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 377)
artery vein ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 377)
67
The spleen has five functions: 1. Filters ___ rather than lymph. 2. Acts as a blood storage or reservoir (about ___ mL). 3. Stores ___ and removes malformed ___ from circulation. 4. Removes and dismantles old worn out ___ ___ ___ (___). 5. Fetal ___ site. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 377)
blood 350 platelets x 2 **red blood cells** (**RBC**) erythropoiesis ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 377)
68
Microorganisms trapped by the spleen are destroyed by ___ in the spleen. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 377)
leukocytes ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 377)
69
Blood loss triggers a release of blood stored by the spleen into general circulation, thereby engaging in a form of “___-___.” ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 377)
self-transfusion ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 377)
70
Occasionally the spleen becomes overactive as it removes platelets, causing ___ and bleeding. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 377)
thrombocytopenia ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 377)
71
Where is the red blood cell (RBC) “graveyard?” ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 377)
Spleen ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 377)
72
Occasionally the spleen becomes overactive and removes and destroys normal red blood cells (RBC), causing ___ anemia. ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 377)
hemolytic ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 377)
73
What stops producing red blood cells (RBC) after birth but continues lifelong lymphocyte production and maturation? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 377)
Spleen ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 377)
74
What is commonly injured because of its location? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 377)
Spleen ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 377)
75
What may be removed surgically because it is difficult to repair and prone to bleeding? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 377)
Spleen ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 377)
76
What can people live well without but may have an increased vulnerability to infection without at the same time? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 377)
Spleen ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 377)
77
Spleen ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 380)
## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 380)
78
Main Lymphatic Ducts ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 378)
## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 378)
79
# Tissue Fluid Lymph Flow ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 378)
## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 378)
80
What includes the tonsils, mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT), Peyer patches, and the appendix? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 377)
Lymphatic Nodules ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 377)
81
What are partially encapsulated lymph nodes in the throat area? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 378)
Tonsils ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 378)
82
What filters tissue fluid contaminated by pathogens that have entered the body through the nose and mouth? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 378)
Tonsils ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 378)
83
Which tonsils are small lymphoid tissue masses located at the oral cavity opening into the pharynx? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 378)
Palatine x 2 ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 378)
84
On which tonsil set is a tonsillectomy most often performed? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 378)
Palatine ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 378)
85
What is the pharyngeal tonsil also called? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 378)
Adenoid ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 378)
86
Which tonsil is located near the nasal cavity opening in the upper pharynx? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 378)
Adenoid ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 378)
87
What atrophies during adolescence? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 378)
Adenoid | Pharyngeal ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 378)
88
What surgical procedure is performed when adenoid enlargement interferes with breathing? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 378)
Adenoidectomy ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 378)
89
Which tonsils are located at the back of the tongue? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 378)
Lingual x 2 ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 378)
90
What is lymphatic tissue that is diffusely scattered throughout the body within mucous membranes? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 378)
Mucosa-Associated Lymphatic Tissue (MALT) ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 378)
91
What is found in the respiratory organs and digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts—all organ systems that are open to the external environment? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 378)
Mucosa-Associated Lymphatic Tissue (MALT) ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 378)
92
What are lymphatic nodules found in the lower small intestine (part of the digestive tract)? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 378)
Peyer Patches ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 378)
93
Which lymphatic nodule contains an outpouching located within the large intestine? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 378)
Appendix ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 378)
94
Which lymphatic structure is busily involved in dealing with a heavy microorganisms load? ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 378)
Appendix ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 378)
95
Location of Lymphatic Tissue A) Lymphatic Organs B) Lymph Node Distribution C) Tonsils ## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 379)
## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 379)
96
## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 380)
## Footnote (Herlihy, 2020, p. 380)

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