Ancient Greece

Question 1

effect of the mountains:

Answer 1

• separated people geographically
• hard to travel over mountains
• mountains kept them from unifying
• led to separate isolated city states
• barrier to cultural diffusion and unity
• provides protection from invaders

Question 2

similarities between city-states

Answer 2

language and religion

Question 3

what is greece

Answer 3

peninsula and archipelago (chain of islands)

Question 4

effect of greek geography

Answer 4

• few natural resources
• mountains cover 80% of greece so little opportunity for agriculture
• surrounded by water, helped with food and trade, became skilled ship builders and sailors
• trade = phoenician alphabet, became basis for latin
• trojan war, fought over trade routes

Question 5

world’s largest empire

Answer 5

persia

Question 6

marathon

Answer 6

open plain in greece, pheidippides ran a marathon to the city to report on the victory against persia

Question 7

cause of persian war

Answer 7

ionian greeks rebel against persians because persians attacked them, sibling effect

Question 8

effects of persian war

Answer 8

athens become dominant city state, golden age, creation of delian league

Question 9

who does plato think should rule

Answer 9

philosopher kings, democracy looks good but it’s not a good idea and everyone shouldn’t be equal

Question 10

effects of peloponnesian war

Answer 10

athens and sparta were weakened, empire is destroyed, democracy crumbled and macedonians gained power and it gave them the chance to fight and conquer greece

Question 11

main philosophers

Answer 11

spa

socrates, plato, aristotle

Question 12

cultural bridge

Answer 12

crete

Question 13

parthenon

Answer 13

doric temple dedicated to the goddess athena

Question 14

battle of thermopylae

Answer 14

300 spartans defend the pass against a barrage of persians

Question 15

how much of greece is fertile

Answer 15

1/3 of the land

Question 16

climate in greece

Answer 16

warm

Question 17

athens is located on what sea

Answer 17

mediterranean sea (trade)

Question 18

trojan wars

Answer 18

early greeks fight city of troy over control of trade routes

Question 19

dark age of greece

Answer 19

opposite of golden age, peloponnesian war

Question 20

homer

Answer 20

blind poet, iliad and odyssey

Question 21

polis

Answer 21

city-state, surrounding area has their own government

Question 22

monarchy

Answer 22

government ruled by one king, control is passed down through family

Question 23

aristocracy

Answer 23

government ruled by a group of noble families rule an area (royalty)

Question 24

oligarchy

Answer 24

government ruled by a group of citizens ruling together; usually get power by military strength or wealth

Question 25

tyrant

Answer 25

cruel and oppressive ruler, one person rules for a short period of time to help maintain order

Question 26

direct democracy

Answer 26

every citizen has a say in ruling the government (athens)

Question 27

draco's code

Answer 27

first written code of law in ancient greece

Question 28

government in athens and sparta

Answer 28

athens - direct democracy sparta - oligarchy

Question 29

how old did all boys need to be to go to the military

Answer 29

7

Question 30

helots

Answer 30

slaves from sparta, did everything other than military

Question 31

persian wars

Answer 31

greek city states vs persia

Question 32

delian league

Answer 32

cities joined together through economy and military in athens

Question 33

peloponnesian league

Answer 33

sparta wants to prevent athens from gaining too much power

Question 34

who fought and won peloponnesian war

Answer 34

fought between sparta and athens. sparta thought athens was getting too powerful but sparta won the war

Question 35

pericles

Answer 35

leader of athens during golden age

Question 36

three goals during golden age

Answer 36

1. improves democracy - paid positions available in government 2. increase the navy, make themselves the most powerful navy and protect seas 3. beautify athens - spent a lot of money on arts and sculptures

Question 37

what did socrates, plato, and aristotle try to do

Answer 37

understand the rules of nature and to question things and search for answers "an unexamined life is not worth living"

Question 38

macedonia

Answer 38

north of greece, not as advanced, mostly farmers and goat herders, connection to greek culture

Question 39

philip ii

Answer 39

king of macedonia, organized macedonia into a military force. organized greek city-states

Question 40

alexander the great

Answer 40

king philip's son, lead general in his fathers army, helped conquer greece

Question 41

what was alexander the great's childhood like

Answer 41

taught by aristotle, mother told him he was son of zeus

Question 42

alexander the great's rise to power

Answer 42

king at age of 20, led his troops into persia

Question 43

alexander in battle with the persians

Answer 43

his soldiers were outnumbered by persians but greeks still beat them

Question 44

alexander the great conquering egypt

Answer 44

made alexandria, welcomed as liberator and crowned pharoah

Question 45

alexander crossing indus river

Answer 45

went beyond the known world

Question 46

pythagoras

Answer 46

derived a formula to calculate the relationship between the sides of a right triangle

Question 47

euclid

Answer 47

wrote the elements textbook that became the basis for modern geometry

Question 48

archemides

Answer 48

physicist who applied principles of physics to make practical inventions (simple machines)

Question 49

socrates

Answer 49

philosopher sentenced to death for his views

Question 50

herodotus

Answer 50

the "father of history" in the western world

Question 51

philosopher meaning

Answer 51

lover of wisdom

Question 52

greek philosophers believed they could discover the laws of the universe through

Answer 52

reason and observation

Question 53

aristotle analyzed all forms of government and favored rule by

Answer 53

a strong, virtuous rule

Question 54

greek sculptors tried to show

Answer 54

people in their most perfect, graceful form

Question 55

the first greek play grew out of

Answer 55

religious festivals to honor the gods

Question 56

heliocentric

Answer 56

in the solar system, the sun, not the earth, is at the center

Question 57

today doctors take an oath based on the ideas of

Answer 57

hippocrates

Question 58

after conquering greece, philip ii dream was to

Answer 58

conquer the persian empire

Question 59

when did alexander's career as a conqueror come to a halt

Answer 59

when he died at 32

Question 60

alexander's most lasting achievement

Answer 60

the spread of greek culture

Question 61

what did alexander encourage in his empires

Answer 61

blending of cultures