Religions

Question 1

founder of hinduism

Answer 1

collection of religious beliefs that evolved over time, with no single founder or central doctrine

Question 2

moksha

Answer 2

a state of perfect understanding of all things, freeing the soul from the cycle of reincarnation

Question 3

individual soul in hinduism

Answer 3

atman

Question 4

the universal soul in hinduism

Answer 4

brahman

Question 5

hinduism three primary deities

Answer 5

brahma, vishnu, shiva

Question 6

brahma

Answer 6

the creator

Question 7

vishnu

Answer 7

the protector

Question 8

shiva

Answer 8

the destroyer

Question 9

hinduism sacred texts

Answer 9

the vedas and upanishads - which explore deep philosophical questions about the soul and the universe

Question 10

jainism founder

Answer 10

mahavira

Question 11

what did mahavira teach

Answer 11

all living things have a soul and should not be harmed

Question 12

core beliefs of jainism

Answer 12

Everything in the universe, including plants, animals, and inanimate objects, has a soul - believe in achieving liberation by freeing the soul from karma through ethical behavior and nonviolence

Question 13

strict nonviolence

Answer 13

ahimsa

Question 14

founder of buddhism

Answer 14

siddhartha gautama, later known as the buddha

Question 15

buddha meaning

Answer 15

the enlightened one

Question 16

what did siddhartha see when he ventured outside the palace

Answer 16

old age, sickness, death, and a wandering holy man at peace

Question 17

how did siddhartha reach enlightenment

Answer 17

he meditated under a fig tree for 49 days

Question 18

four noble truths

Answer 18

1. life is filled with suffering (dukkha).
2. the cause of suffering is selfish desire for temporary pleasures
3. the way to end suffering is to end desires
4. the way to overcome desires is by following the eightfold path

Question 19

what does the eightfold path help you do

Answer 19

a guide to ethical conduct, mental discipline, and wisdom, designed to help a person overcome suffering and achieve nirvana

Question 20

sangha

Answer 20

the buddhist religious community, which includes monks and nuns who follow strict vows of poverty, nonviolence, and celibacy

Question 21

what does buddhism reject from hinduism

Answer 21

1. the many gods of hinduism, focusing instead on enlightenment and the path to overcoming suffering
2. the caste system

Question 22

what 4 varnas is the caste system in hinduism divided into

Answer 22

brahmins: Priestly class.
kshatriyas: Warriors.
vaisyas: Commoners (merchants and farmers).
sudras: Peasants and servants.

untouchables - Individuals considered impure, existing outside the caste system.

Question 23

nirvana

Answer 23

the ultimate reality, ends the cycle of samsara

Question 24

whats in the torah

Answer 24

first five books of the hebrew bible

Question 25

where did abraham live

Answer 25

near ur in mesopotamia and in about 2000 bc he and his family migrated, herding their sheep and goats into a region called canaan

Question 26

covenant

Answer 26

promise

Question 27

diaspora

Answer 27

when many jews left judah, spread out, and moved to different parts of the world

Question 28

the psalms

Answer 28

a collection of 150 religious hymns, these songs reflect the israelites’ belief in god as the powerful savior of israel

Question 29

where did christianity arise

Answer 29

a distant corner of the roman empire

Question 30

mithras

Answer 30

persian god who championed good over evil and offered life after death

Question 31

messiah

Answer 31

an anointed king sent by god

Question 32

where does almost all the information we have from jesus come from

Answer 32

the gospels, the first four books of the new testament of the christian bible

Question 33

gentiles

Answer 33

non-jews

Question 34

persecution

Answer 34

when people are treated badly because of their beliefs

Question 35

martyrs

Answer 35

people who suffer or die for their beliefs

Question 36

theology

Answer 36

talk or discourse about god

Question 37

where did the islam religion arise

Answer 37

arabian peninsula

Question 38

bedouins

Answer 38

nomadic herders

Question 39

kaaba

Answer 39

ancient temple where arabs go to pray, home to statues of pagan gods and goddesses

Question 40

where are weapons placed in mecca

Answer 40

near kaaba

Question 41

khadija

Answer 41

muhammad's wife

Question 42

what was muhammad known for

Answer 42

his honesty in business, he was a devoted husband and father

Question 43

hijra

Answer 43

muhammad's journey from mecca to medina

Question 44

umma

Answer 44

community of islams

Question 45

quran

Answer 45

sacred text of islam that contains sacred word of god as revealed to muhammad

Question 46

the vedas

Answer 46

use vivid images to examine complex ideas about human soul

Question 47

upanishads

Answer 47

are a section of the vedas that addresses mystical questions related to hinduism

Question 48

sruti

Answer 48

heard

Question 49

smruti

Answer 49

remembered

Question 50

brahman

Answer 50

an all powered, spiritual force believed in by hindus

Question 51

buddhism time of origin

Answer 51

528 BCE

Question 52

moses

Answer 52

renewed gods covenant with israelites. led israelites into their departure from egypt

Question 53

judge in judaism

Answer 53

judge deborah- outstanding woman that won great honor

Question 54

saul

Answer 54

leader due to success of driving out invaders

Question 55

david

Answer 55

strong and wise second king of israel united tribes into one nation

Question 56

solomon

Answer 56

son of david. followed as king. turned jerusalem into a capital. most powerful. helped become a trading state

Question 57

what do the first four commandments deal with

Answer 57

hebrews relationship with god

Question 58

what do the last 6 commandments deal with

Answer 58

hebrews relationship with one another

Question 59

prophets

Answer 59

chosen messengers of god, interpreted code of jewish law

Question 60

christianity time of origin

Answer 60

30 AD

Question 61

what did jesus emphasize

Answer 61

god’s love and taught need for justice, morality, and service to others

Question 62

what did some jews believe messiah would do

Answer 62

some jews believed messiah would soon appear to lead them to freedom

Question 63

apostles

Answer 63

greek for “a person sent forth” jesus’ 12 close followers

Question 64

peter

Answer 64

chief apostle: devoted his life to spreading the teachings of jesus. established christianity in rome.

Question 65

paul

Answer 65

jew from asia minor, played the most influential role in spreading christianity. he had a vision of jesus speaking to him and decided to spread jesus teachings to non jews

Question 66

constantine

Answer 66

emperor that issued the edict of milan.

Question 67

edict of milan

Answer 67

granted freedom of worship to all citizens of the roman empire

Question 68

mecca

Answer 68

market town. thriving pilgrimage center. safe and peaceful place to do business.

Question 69

5 pillars of islam

Answer 69

1. faith, shahada, abraham moses and jesus are all prophets sent from god but muhammed is the last prophet 2. prayer - muslims pray five times each day. after a ritual washing, they face mecca and perform specific actions as they pray 3. alms - must give charity to the poor 4. fasting - muslims fast from sunrise to sunset during the holy month of ramadan 5. expected to make a hajj to mecca at least once and pray at the kaaba in mecca

Question 70

mosque

Answer 70

a muslim place of worship

Question 71

people of the book

Answer 71

jews and christians

Question 72

caliph

Answer 72

successor to muhammad as a political and religious leader of the muslims

Question 73

sunni

Answer 73

believe that inspiration came from the example of muhammad as recorded by his early followers, leader should be someone similar to muhammad

Question 74

shiite

Answer 74

believe the leader should be someone with muhammad's blood

Question 75

what do muslims call god

Answer 75

allah