Rome Review

Question 1

geographical impacts on rome

Answer 1

warm weather
peninsula
mediterranean sea - trade
location (center of italy)
broad fertile plains

Question 2

who were the early settlers

Answer 2

etruscans (early patricians)

Question 3

etruscans impact on shaping the city

Answer 3

1. alphabet from greeks
2. arch in construction
3. engineering techniques to drain the lands along the tiber
4. etruscan gods and goddesses and merged them with the roman religion

Question 4

start of the roman republic

Answer 4

romans drove out their etruscan ruler

Question 5

in early republic, _____ made all laws and controlled the government

Answer 5

senate

Question 6

who was in the senate

Answer 6

300 patricians

Question 7

consul

Answer 7

an official appointed by a government to live in a foreign city and protect and promote the government’s citizens and interests there.

Question 8

the senator’s job

Answer 8

• nominated two consuls from patricians
• supervised the business of government
• command the armies

(similar to president)

Question 9

what might the senate do in the event of a war

Answer 9

choose a dictator (ruler who has complete control over government)

Question 10

each dictator was granted power to rule for __________

Answer 10

6 months

Question 11

no dictators took advantage of _______, did what was best for the well being of the Republic

Answer 11

power

Question 12

cincinnatus

Answer 12

roman farmer chosen to be dictator

Question 13

what did cincinnatus do

Answer 13

he was admired because he organized an army, led romans to victory

Question 14

plebeians forced the senate to

Answer 14

choose plebeians as consuls, admit plebeians as members of the senate.

this made rome’s government more democratic

Question 15

3 social groups

Answer 15

patricians, plebeians, slaves

Question 16

subjects

Answer 16

people conquered by rome, not citizens but allowed to maintain their local government and traditions if they pay their taxes

Question 17

slaves

Answer 17

people owned by romans, forced to work either in the fields or in the home

make up 1/3 of total population and do almost all the work

Question 18

tribunes

Answer 18

an official in ancient rome chosen by plebeians to protect their interests

Question 19

what could tribunes do

Answer 19

they could veto or block laws that they thought were harmful to plebeians

Question 20

rome’s marketplace

Answer 20

the forum

Question 21

why were the 12 tables created

Answer 21

plebeians argued that the citizens didn’t know what the laws were because they weren’t written down

Question 22

what did the laws of the 12 tables make possible for plebeians

Answer 22

it made it possible for plebeians to appeal a judgement handed down by a patrician judge

Question 23

role of women

Answer 23

• played a bigger role in society than greek women
• could own property and run a business.
• most women worked at home, raising their families

Question 24

military unit

Answer 24

legion

Question 25

dictator

Answer 25

elected during crisis, absolute control for up to 6 months

Question 26

fight between rome and carthage

Answer 26

punic wars

Question 27

hannibal

Answer 27

led carthage army in second punic war

Question 28

effects of punic war

Answer 28

- rome is now the regional power - carthage is destroyed - rome has imperialism

Question 29

problems of roman republic (decline of the republic)

Answer 29

- senate and political leaders both wanted to rule - political leaders wanted to weaken senate

Question 30

tiberius and gaius gracchus

Answer 30

- patrician brothers - reformers (made changes to improve rome) - murdered by patricians - starts the civil war - both tribunes

Question 31

julius caesar

Answer 31

military commander

Question 32

why was julius caesar famous

Answer 32

famous for conquering gaul

Question 33

julius caesar was named dictator for ____

Answer 33

life

Question 34

how did julius caesar die

Answer 34

he was stabbed to death by senators

Question 35

what did people do because they were scared of caesar's fame

Answer 35

pompey persuaded the senate to order caesar to disband his army and return to rome. caesar defied this order, crushed pompey and his supporters, then forced the senate to make him dictator

Question 36

triumvirate

Answer 36

3 men working together to run the government

Question 37

mark antony

Answer 37

loyal friend of caesar and his chief general ends up in egypt and falls in love with cleopatra

Question 38

octavian

Answer 38

caesar's grandnephew

Question 39

what does octavian take advantage of

Answer 39

antony's absence, becomes the only person in charge. he gets the title "augustus" from the senate after he defeats antony

Question 40

reforms of julius caesar

Answer 40

- he launched a program of public works to employ the jobless - gave public land to the poor - granted citizenship to more people - most important reform was the introduction to the new calendar

Question 41

where and how did julius caesar die

Answer 41

murdered on the senate floor

Question 42

augustus' economic reforms

Answer 42

- ordered a census (population count) of the empire to make the tax system more fair - set up a postal service and issued new coins to make trade easier - he put the jobless to work building roads and temples and sent others to farm

Question 43

the death of an emperor often led to __________

Answer 43

intrigue and violence

Question 44

how long did pax romana last

Answer 44

200 years

Question 45

road system in rome benefits

Answer 45

- all roads lead to rome - encourages trade, leads to rome's success - provides easy and fast travel for military

Question 46

bread and circuses

Answer 46

there are many holidays, supplied with free food, money, and entertainment why are they needed- people didn't think about being unemployed and very poor

Question 47

rome decline

Answer 47

- invasians - rise of christianity - lack of faith in govt and emperor - mercenaries start to fight for rome

Question 48

diocletian

Answer 48

emperor of rome who divided the empire into east and west to rule the territory more effectively

Question 49

509 BC

Answer 49

founding of the roman republic

Question 50

27 BC - 188 AD

Answer 50

pax romana

Question 51

322 AD

Answer 51

legalization of christianity by emperor constantine

Question 52

476 AD

Answer 52

fall of western empire of rome