Chapter 1 SS Test

Question 1

How many years ago did groups or people in different parts of the world begin to keep written records

Answer 1

5000

Question 2

The invention and use of writing marked ________________________

Answer 2

The beginning of recorded history

Question 3

Prehistory

Answer 3

The long period of time before people started writing

Question 4

Historians

Answer 4

Scholars who study and write about the historical past

Question 5

Artifacts

Answer 5

Objects made by humans

Question 6

What kinds of evidence do historians use to study the past?

Answer 6

Artifacts (clothing, coins, artwork, tombstones) and written evidence (letters, tax records)

Question 7

Anthropology

Answer 7

The study of prehistory, and about the origins and development of people and their societies

Question 8

Culture

Answer 8

The way of life in a society, including its beliefs, values, and practices

Question 9

Archaeology

Answer 9

The study of past people and cultures through their material remains

Question 10

Did prehistoric groups have cities, countries, organized central governments, or complex inventions?

Answer 10

No, which is why clues about them were hard to find

Question 11

Hominids

Answer 11

A group that include humans and their closest relatives that all walk upright on two feet

Question 12

What was the turning point in prehistory

Answer 12

The introduction of agriculture

Question 13

What is the turning point called

Answer 13

The Neolithic Revolution

Question 14

When was the Old Stone Age or Paleolithic Period

Answer 14

2 million B.C. to about 10,000 B.C.

Question 15

When was the New Stone Age or Neolithic Period

Answer 15

10,000 B.C. until the end of prehistory

Question 16

What were early modern people called

Answer 16

Nomads

Question 17

What is a nomad

Answer 17

Someone who moves from place to place to find food

Question 18

What did both periods of time use

Answer 18

Stone tools

Question 19

What happened during the middle of the Old Stone Age

Answer 19

Spoken language was developed

Question 20

What happened during the end of the Old Stone Age

Answer 20

Beliefs in a spiritual world and afterlife

Question 21

What is animism

Answer 21

The belief that spirits and forces might reside in animal, objects, or dreams

Question 22

What did the New Stone Age begin with

Answer 22

Farming

Question 23

Domesticate meaning

Answer 23

To raise in a controlled way that makes them best suited to human use.

Question 24

Who were the first humans to domesticate plants and animals.

Answer 24

Early farmers

Question 25

Where were the earliest villages established

Answer 25

Çatalhüyük and Jericho

Question 26

What happened when food was scarce

Answer 26

Warfare increased

Question 27

Elite warriors asserted __________ over others in society

Answer 27

Power

Question 28

To farm successfully, people had to _______________

Answer 28

develop new technologies.

Question 29

Why did they need to measure time accurately

Answer 29

To know when to plant and harvest

Question 30

Cave Lamps

Answer 30

Paleolithic artists creates light in the caves by burning animal in lamps

Question 31

Where did all the earliest civilizations develop

Answer 31

Near major rivers (Asia and Africa)

Question 32

Where did the earliest American civilizations develop

Answer 32

Away from river valleys

Question 33

How did rivers help farming

Answer 33

Floodwaters spread silt.

Question 34

What is silt

Answer 34

Tiny bits of rock and dirt from the river bottom - across the valleys, renewing the soil and keeping it fertile.

Question 35

What does a traditional economy rely on

Answer 35

Habit, custom, or ritual and tends not to change over time.

Question 36

What is the main feature of civilizations

Answer 36

The rise of cities

Question 37

Civilization

Answer 37

A complex, highly organized social order

Question 38

Complex

Answer 38

made up of many interrelated parts

Question 39

Where did civilizations emerge

Answer 39

in the highlands of Peru, Mexico, and Central America, where people learned to farm on the sides of mountains or to fill in swamps with land for farming

Question 40

Steppe

Answer 40

sparse, dry, grasslands

Question 41

Major features of all early civilizations:

Answer 41

1. Organized governments 2. Complex religions 3. Job specialization 4. Social classes 5. Arts and architecture 6. Public works 7. Writing

Question 42

Who ruled many of the world’s farming villages

Answer 42

Councils of elders or chiefs

Question 43

Polytheistic

Answer 43

Believing in many gods

Question 44

Cities

Answer 44

population centers that are notable larger and more organized than towns or villages and that support the other features of civilizations

Question 45

Organized Governments

Answer 45

structured governments that coordinate large-scale projects such as food production or construction, establish laws, and organize defense systems

Question 46

Complex Religions

Answer 46

systems of religious beliefs that usually include rituals and worship of one or more gods and/or goddesses

Question 47

Job Specialization

Answer 47

System in which there are different types of jobs and each worker focuses on one particular type

Question 48

Social Classes

Answer 48

ranked groups within society that are determined by job or economic standing

Question 49

Arts and Architecture

Answer 49

various types of artwork and buildings that express the talents, beliefs, and values of people in a society

Question 50

Public Works

Answer 50

large-scale and often costly projects that benefit the city and its people

Question 51

Where is the oldest stone bridge

Answer 51

Jerwan, Iraq

Question 52

What was the first step towards developing writing

Answer 52

Using pictographs/pictograms

Question 53

Pictogram

Answer 53

a simple drawing that looks like the object it represents

Question 54

Cultural diffusion

Answer 54

the spread of ideas or customs from one group to another

Question 55

What led to the rise of city-states

Answer 55

Ancient rulers gaining more power and conquering territories beyond the boundaries of their cities

Question 56

What led to the creation of empires

Answer 56

Ambitious rulers conquering many cities and villages

Question 57

Empire

Answer 57

a group of states or territories controlled by one ruler

Question 58

What did building empires help do

Answer 58

End war between neighboring communities and created common bonds among people

Question 59

City-state

Answer 59

An independent city, which has its own government, but shares cultural connections with nearby cities

Question 60

Turning point in history

Answer 60

A time or an event in which a significant and lasting change occurs

Question 61

Monotheistic

Answer 61

Believing in one god

Question 62

Theocracy

Answer 62

Government that is controlled by religious laws and priests. Government and religion are mixed together. Example: The king came from the gods

Question 63

Role of priests

Answer 63

They are the only one who could talk to the gods, and held a great position of power

Question 64

Ziggurat

Answer 64

Large Temple in center of City-State. Home of the priests, and there people came to worship their gods.