Surface Processes

Question 1

what factors affect the rate of weathering

Answer 1

climate, exposed surface area, mineral composition

Question 2

how are sediments deposited

Answer 2

sorted sediments, unsorted sediments

Question 3

sorted sediments

Answer 3

when larger, more dense, rounder particles settle out first

Question 4

unsorted sediments

Answer 4

when sediments drop out in no particular order (all mixed up)

Question 5

mass movement

Answer 5

downhill movement of rock or sediment without being carried by wind, water, or ice, caused directly by the force of gravity

Question 6

sandbar

Answer 6

a collection of sand that points like a finger. tells you direction waves are travelling

Question 7

watershed

Answer 7

the geographic area drained by a particular river or stream (drainage basin)

Question 8

solution

Answer 8

sediments are dissolved

Question 9

suspension

Answer 9

sediments remained mixed in with the water for a long time

Question 10

traction

Answer 10

sediments roll on the stream bed

Question 11

as velocity increases, the size of the particle transported __________

Answer 11

increases

Question 12

what factors affect stream velocity

Answer 12

stream gradient (slope), stream discharge

Question 13

stream gradient

Answer 13

steepness of land stream flows down

Question 14

stream discharge

Answer 14

the volume of water flowing past a fixed point in a given period of time

Question 15

v-shaped valley

Answer 15

running water erodes land in a v shape

Question 16

meanders

Answer 16

a stream with curves that develop when a stream flows over relatively flat land

Question 17

oxbow lake

Answer 17

a u-shaped body of water that forms when a wide meander from the main stem of a river is cut off, creating a free standing body of water

Question 18

levee

Answer 18

streams in broad valleys sometimes flood and leave deposits of sand and silt on the land bordering and parallel to the streams

Question 19

how to streams change over time?

Answer 19

younger streams have a steep slope, fast moving, straight channel and v-shaped valley

older streams are flat land, slow moving, high deposition, and meanders

Question 20

continental glacier

Answer 20

glaciers that form at high latitudes and flow outward to cover a large part of a continent

Question 21

valley glacier

Answer 21

glaciers that form at high elevations when ice flows downhill as snow accumulates and changes to ice

Question 22

striations

Answer 22

parallel scratches on bedrock

Question 23

till

Answer 23

unsorted, unlayered glacial sediments that are deposited directly by a glacier

Question 24

moraine

Answer 24

a hill of till deposited directly from an edge or bottom of a glacier

Question 25

outwash plain

Answer 25

horizontal sorted layers of glacial material in front of the glacier, formed by the meltwater of the glacier

Question 26

drumlin

Answer 26

glacial hills of unsorted, unlayered sediment that are shaped like the bark of a spoon by the ice indicates the direction of glacial movement

Question 27

kettle lake

Answer 27

when blocks of ice are left behind, form a depression, and melt

Question 28

erratic

Answer 28

rocks that have been transported to an area (type of rock not normally found in that area)

Question 29

new york state finger lakes

Answer 29

lakes that fill in long, deep, u-shaped valleys indicated direction of glacial movement

Question 30

what are the great lakes

Answer 30

glaciers carried out the bedrock and melt waters filled the basins lakes contain approximately 20% of the worlds fresh surface water

Question 31

what are the conditions that chemical weathering

Answer 31

warmer, more precipitation

Question 32

groins will cause beaches to widen on _______

Answer 32

the opposite side

Question 33

what causes landslides

Answer 33

gravity and saturated soil

Question 34

the average stream velocity is controlled primarily by the

Answer 34

slope of the land

Question 35

the approximate stream velocity to transport the smallest particles of sand

Answer 35

0.3 cm/s

Question 36

what characteristics of a shoreline do jetty's change overtime

Answer 36

the size of beaches

Question 37

drumlins

Answer 37

composed of loose sediments and unsorted

Question 38

floodplain

Answer 38

the relatively flat area along both sides of streams that will fill with water when streams overflow their banks

Question 39

why do kettle-hole lakes form

Answer 39

as a result of a block of ice that detatched from a glacier and when the ice melts it forms a depression filled with ground water

Question 40

how to oxbow lakes form

Answer 40

erosion along the outside banks of a curve in a meandering stream

Question 41

where is the greatest stream velocity

Answer 41

outside of the curve

Question 42

where is the greatest stream erosion

Answer 42

outside of the curve

Question 43

when a stream carrying sediment empties into any large body of water ______

Answer 43

the stream velocity decreases

Question 44

the increases in velocity are indicated by the change in

Answer 44

stream discharge

Question 45

large solitary boulders are the result of

Answer 45

glacial ice

Question 46

deposition occurs when the velocity of rivers ______

Answer 46

decreases

Question 47

drumlin

Answer 47

reworked glacial till that often forms low oval-shaped hills that have their steepest side in the direction from which the glacier advanced

Question 48

glacial action makes _ shaped valleys

Answer 48

u

Question 49

which agent of erosion causes sand dunes

Answer 49

wind

Question 50

what agent of erosion causes sand bars

Answer 50

waves

Question 51

a major difference between sediments in the outwash and sediments in the moraines is

Answer 51

the sediments deposited in the outwash are sorted

Question 52

when do kettle lakes form

Answer 52

when blocks of glacial ice are partially buried by sediments and melt on outwash plains