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Exits > Anesthesia > Flashcards

Anesthesia Flashcards

1
Q

What is acidosis?

A

accumulation of acid or depletion of alkaline in blood and body tissues

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2
Q

How can you counteract respiratory acidosis?

A

administering a “sigh” every 5 minutes

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3
Q

When does severe acidosis occur?

A

during cardiac arrest

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4
Q

What is alkalosis?

A

reduced carbon dioxide tension in extracellular fluid caused by excessive excretion of carbon dioxide through lungs

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5
Q

What is alkalosis caused by?

A

hyperventilation, pain, hypoxia, fever, cardiac arrest

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6
Q

What does alkalosis result in? Why?

A

apnea, because breathing is stimulated by increased levels of CO2

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7
Q

What is analgesia?

A

relief from pain

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8
Q

What is anesthetic mortality?

A

death before full recovery of the patient, death occuring during or within 48 hours of anesthesia being administered

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9
Q

What is the one and only cause of anesthetic death?

A

anesthetic overdose

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10
Q

What does an antiemetic do?

A

helps prevent vomiting

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11
Q

How do you monitor for apnea?

A

eyes, capnograph, respiratory monitor, pulse oximeter

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12
Q

What does assisted ventilation ensures?

A

that an increased volume of air is delivered to the patient, although the patient initiates each inspiration

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13
Q

What is balanced anesthesia?

A

the use of more than one drug to achieve the desired anesthetic effect

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14
Q

What is bradycardia?

A

abnormally slow heart rate resulting in decreased cardiac output

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15
Q

`What are the phases of anesthesia?

A

patient evaluation, pre-meds, induction, maintenance, recovery

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16
Q

What is hyperventilation?

A

an increased respiratory rate

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17
Q

What does hyperventilation cause?

A

hypocapnia

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18
Q

What is hyperventilation usually associated with?

A

acute anxiety/emotional tension, pain, drugs

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19
Q

What can result from hyperventilation?

A

alkalosis

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20
Q

What is hypostatic congestion?

A

pooling of blood in the lungs

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21
Q

When is hypostatic congestion more common?

A

when animals are positioned in lateral recumbency

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22
Q

How can you prevent hypostatic congestion?

A

“sighing” the patient, rolling over ever 15 to 30 minutes during recovery

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23
Q

What is hypotension?

A

inadequate arterial blood pressure (low blood pressure)

24
Q

What is the most common sign of cardiovascular depression?

A

hypotension

25
Q

What is hypothermia?

A

abnormally low body temperature

26
Q

What is hypothermia a sign of?

A

central nervous system and cardiovascular depression

27
Q

What is hypoventilation?

A

reduced rate and/or depth of ventilation

28
Q

What can hypoventilation be due to?

A

excessive anesthesia levels, alkalosis, narcotics, hypothermia, controlled ventilations set too low in rate and/or tidal volume

29
Q

What does hypoventilation lead to?

A

increased arterial carbon dioxide levels indicated by PaCO2 levels about 45 mmHg

30
Q

What is hypovolemia?

A

insufficient circulating blood volume

31
Q

What is hypovolemia often do to?

A

bleeding problems

32
Q

What does hypovolemia lead to?

A

shock and death

33
Q

How do you prevent and treat hypovolemia?

A

IV fluids

34
Q

`What is hypoxemia?

A

insufficient oxygenation of the blood

35
Q

Hypoxia is a common sign of what?

A

pulmonary compromise during AX

36
Q

What is the most commonly used inhalant AX used in vet med?

A

isoflurane

37
Q

Define laryngospasm.

A

tissues of larynx irritated causing a reflex closure of laryngeal cartilages

38
Q

What does laryngospasm result in?

A

blockage of airway

39
Q

Laryngospasm easily occurs in what species?

A

cats

40
Q

When does laryngospasm occur?

A

rough intubation

41
Q

What does MAC stand for?

A

minimum alveolar concentration

42
Q

Define MAC.

A

lowest concentration of an anesthetic that is required to prevent a response to painful stimuli in 50% of patients

43
Q

Low MAC = __ potency

A

high

44
Q

Define perfusion.

A

passage of oxygenated blood through body tissues

45
Q

Death is a late state of what?

A

poor perfusion

46
Q

What are the five common complications of poor perfusion.

A

hypoventilation, hypoxemia, hypotension, hypovolemia, hypothermia

47
Q

Define pre-meds.

A

medications given in advance of general anesthesia

48
Q

What does solubility coeffiecient do?

A

provides a measure of the rate of equilibrium between the gas in the alveoli and the blood

49
Q

If an agent has a high solubility coefficient, what does that mean?

A

they remain in the alveoli for a longer period of time before dissolving into the tissues and blood. prolonged induction and recovery time

50
Q

If an agent has a low solubility coefficient, what does that mean?

A

AX moves from lungs, to blood, to brain faster so animal goes to sleep and wakes up faster

51
Q

What are the 4 stages of anesthesia?

A

Stage 1: induction started
Stage 2: excitatory
Stage 3: surgical place
Stage 4: respiratory and cardiac arrest

52
Q

What is tachypnea?

A

increase in respiratory rate above normal

53
Q

What does the gas pressure regulator do?

A

reduces and stabilizes the pressure of gas exiting the cylinder

54
Q

If the flow meter is a bobbin type, where do you read from?

A

top

55
Q

If the flow meter is a ball type, where do you read from?

A

middle of ball

56
Q

If the flow meter is a column type, where do you read from?

A

top

Exits (12 decks)

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