animal studies

Question 1

lorenz 1952 imprinting procedure

Answer 1

randomly divided a large group of goose eggs
one half hatched with mother in a natural environment
other half hatched in an incubator and lorenz was the first moving object they saw

mixed all the gooselings to see who would follow and observed the birds and their later courtship behaviour

Question 2

lorenz 1952 aim

Answer 2

to investigate the effects of imprinting on goose

Question 3

lorenz 1952 findings

Answer 3

incubator group followed lorenz
control group followed the mother

identified a critical period for imprinting which was a few hours after hatching - they had to imprint during the critical period or they would not attach at all

sexual imprinting also occurred where the birds acquired a template of desirable male characteristics

Question 4

harlow 1958 - aim

Answer 4

to investigate the importance of contact comfort for monkeys

Question 5

harlow 1958 procedure

Answer 5

harlow raised 16 monkeys with 2 wire wodel mothers

condition 1 - milk dispensed from a plain wire mother
condition 2 - milk dispensed by cloth covered mother

to measure attachment like behaviour, harlow would scare the monkeys by placing mechanical objects into the environment

continued to study the monkeys into their adulthood

Question 6

harlow 1958 findings

Answer 6

monkeys would attach to cloth mother regardless of whether they dispensed milk or not - contact was more important than food - also happened when frightened
in adulthood these monkeys were more aggressive, less sociable and less skilled than other monkeys