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MSA II > ANKLE & FOOT > Flashcards

ANKLE & FOOT Flashcards

1
Q

what is the ankle & foot made up of?

A

tarsal bones
metatarsal bones
phalanges

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2
Q

tarsal bones

A

talus
calcaneus
navicular
cuneiforms
cuboid

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3
Q

3 parts of the talus

A

head (articular surfaces)
neck (talus sulcus)
body (trochlea, processes)

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4
Q

TALUS - head: articular surfaces for…

A

navicular
calcaneus: anterior, middle, posterior
inferior tibia
medial malleolus
lateral malleolus

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5
Q

TALUS - neck

A

talus sulcus

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6
Q

TALUS - body

A

trochlea
posterior process: medial & lateral tubercle
lateral process

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7
Q

CALCANEUS - body: articular surfaces…

A

superior, anterior, middle, posterior facets for talus
facet for cuboid
-calcaneus sulcus
-calcaneal tuberosity
-sustentaculum tali
-fibular (peroneal) tubercle/ trochlea
-groove for fibularis longus tendon

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8
Q

what is the navicular bone made up of?

A

body
navicular tuberosity

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9
Q

CUNEIFORMS

A

1st cuneiform (medial)
2nd cuneiform (intermediate/ middle)
3rd cuneiform (lateral)

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10
Q

what is the CUBOID bone made up of?

A

body
fibular (peroneal) sulcus/ groove

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11
Q

metatarsal bones

A

base
shaft / body
head

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12
Q

PHALANGES

A

proximal: 1-5
middle: 2-5
distal: 1-5
*great toe doesn’t have a middle
(base, shaft/body, head)

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13
Q

talocrural (ankle) / mortise joint - type & movements

A

type: synovial, hinge, diarthrosis, uniaxial
movements: dorsiflexion, plantar flexion

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14
Q

talocrural (ankle) joint - articular surfaces

A

inferior articular & medial malleolar surfaces of tibia
lateral malleolar surface of fibula
trochlea of talus

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15
Q

ankle joint - LATERAL ligaments

A

calcaneofibular ligament (CFL)
anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)
posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL)

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16
Q

how is the ankle joint (lateral ligaments) typically injured?

A

with an INVERSION ankle sprain

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17
Q

ankle joint - MEDIAL ligaments

A

anterior tibiotalar ligament
tibionavicular ligament
tibicalcaneal ligament
posterior tibiotalar ligament

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18
Q

distal/ inferior tibiofibular joint

A

type: fibrous, syndesmosis, amphiarthrosis, uniaxial
articular surfaces: inferior end of fibula & inferior end of tibia
ligaments: interosseous membrane, anterior & posterior inferior tibiofibular ligaments
movements: gliding

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19
Q

what is the distal tibiofibular joint supported by?

A

posterior (inferior) tibiofibular ligament
anterior (inferior) tibiofibular ligament

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20
Q

subtalar / talocalcaneal joint - type & movements

A

type: synovial, plane, diarthrosis, triaxial
movements: gliding, rotation, inversion & eversion

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21
Q

subtalar / talocalcaneal joint - articular surfaces

A

posterior, anterior & middle articular surface for calcaneus on talus
facets on superior surface of calcaneus

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22
Q

subtalar / talocalcaneal joint - ligaments

A

fibrous capsule
medial, lateral & posterior talocalcaneal ligaments

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23
Q

TALOCALCANEONAVICULAR JOINT - type & movements

A

type: synovial, ball & socket, also PLANE, diarthrosis, multiaxial
movements: gliding, rotation, inversion & eversion

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24
Q

TALOCALCANEONAVICULAR JOINT - articular surfaces

A

facet on head of talus
facet on proximal side of navicular
anterior talar facet
middle talar facet
sustentaculum tali

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25
Q

TALOCALCANEONAVICULAR JOINT - ligaments

A

fibrous capsule
dorsal talonavicular
plantar calacaneonavicular / spring
calcaneonavicular portion of bifurcate ligament

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26
Q

TALOCALCANEONAVICULAR JOINT - plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

A

SPRING LIGAMENT (inferiorly)
-head of talus articulates with calcaneus & spring ligament BELOW & navicular INFRONT

27
Q

CALCANEOCUBOID JOINT - type & movements

A

type: synovial, saddle, diarthrosis, uniaxial
movements: gliding & rotation

28
Q

CALCANEOCUBOID JOINT - articular surfaces

A

anterior articular surface of calcaneus
posterior articular surface of cuboid

29
Q

CALCANEOCUBOID JOINT - ligaments

A

fibrous capsule
calcaneocuboid portion of bifurcate ligament
plantar calcaneocuboid/ short plantar ligament
LONG plantar ligament
dorsal calcaneocuboid

30
Q

CUBOIDEONAVICULAR JOINT - type & movements

A

type: fibrous, uniaxial
movements: gliding & rotation

31
Q

CUBOIDEONAVICULAR JOINT - articular surfaces

A

articular surface on lateral aspect of navicular
articular surface on posteromedial side of cuboid

32
Q

CUBOIDEONAVICULAR JOINT - ligaments

A

fibrous capsule
dorsal cuboideonavicular
interosseous cubodeonavicular
long planter

33
Q

how is the CUBOIDEONAVICULAR JOINT connected?

A

by the dorsal, plantar & interosseous ligaments

34
Q

DISTAL INTERTARSAL JOINT - type & movements

A

type: synovial, plane, diarthrosis, uniaxial
movements: gliding & rotation

35
Q

DISTAL INTERTARSAL JOINT - articular surfaces

A

articular surface of navicular, cuboid, cuneiform & metatarsals

36
Q

DISTAL INTERTARSAL JOINT - ligaments

A

fibrous capsule
dorsal plantar
cuneonavicular
intercuneiform
cuneocuboid

37
Q

TARSOMETATARSAL JOINT - type & movements

A

type: synovial, plane, diarthrosis, uniaxial
movements: gliding

38
Q

what does the TARSOMETATARSAL JOINT link?

A

links the forefoot to the rearfoot

39
Q

TARSOMETATARSAL JOINT - articular surface

A

articular surface of distal tarsals
base of metatarsals

40
Q

TARSOMETATARSAL JOINT - ligaments

A

fibrous capsule
dorsal interosseous
long plantar

41
Q

INTERMETATARSAL JOINT - type & movements

A

type: synovial, plane, diarthrosis, uniaxial
movements: gliding

42
Q

INTERMETATARSAL JOINT - articular surfaces

A

adjacent surfaces of bases of metatarsals

43
Q

INTERMETATARSAL JOINT - ligaments

A

fibrous capsule
dorsal, plantar, interosseous intermetatarsal
deep transverse metatarsal

44
Q

METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINT - type & movements

A

type: synovial, condyloid, diarthrosis, biaxial
movements: flexion, extension, ADD, ABD

45
Q

METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINT - articular surfaces

A

convex heads of metatarsals
concave bases of proximal phalanges

46
Q

METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINT - ligaments

A

fibrous capsule
MCL
LCL

47
Q

INTERPHALANGEAL JOINTS

A

distal interphalangeal
proximal interphalangeal
interphalangeal of HALLUX only

48
Q

INTERPHALANGEAL JOINT - type & movements

A

type: synovial, hinge, diarthrosis, uniaxial
movements: flexion & extension

49
Q

INTERPHALANGEAL JOINT - articular surfaces

A

heads of proximal phalanges
bases of distal phalanges

50
Q

INTERPHALANGEAL JOINT - ligaments

A

fibrous capsule
MCL
LCL

51
Q

PLANTAR FASCIA

A

flat, thick band of CT that connects calcaneal tuberosity to ligaments around heads of metatarsal bones
-supports arch on bottom of foot, very strong

52
Q

PLANTAR FASCIITIS

A

if plantar fascia is stretched or overworked and becomes inflamed

53
Q

what is retinaculum - & its function

A

retinaculum = band of thickened deep fascia
occurs where tendons pass through (usually around joints)
FUNCTION: stabilize tendons; hold them in place

54
Q

RETINACULA of ankle

A

superior & inferior extensor retinaculum:
-medial view = holds down extensor tendons
superior & inferior fibular retinaculum:
-lateral view = holds down fibular / peronal tendons
flexor retinaculum:
-medial view = holds down flexor tendons

55
Q

BURSA

A

fluid filled sac that cushions & lubricates against friction between tendon & bone when moving against each other

56
Q

main region in ankle that gets high friction & requires a BURSA

A

between calcaneus & achilles tendon

57
Q

what are the TWO bursa between the calcaneus & achilles tendon

A

Superficial or Subcutaneous Calcaneal Bursa
Deep or Retrocalcaneal Bursa

58
Q

what are foot arches & what are they essential for?

A

arches in our feet formed by bones, ligaments & tendons connected together
-essential for movement, weight bearing & shock absorption

59
Q

what are the 3 distinct arches of the foot

A

-TWO “longitudinal” arches (one on each side)
-ONE “transverse” arch (runs across midfoot)

60
Q

MEDIAL LONGITUDINAL ARCH

A

most prominent foot arch (“the arch”)
-runs from front to back along medial side of foot
-absorbs majority of shock of impact while walking, running, jumping

61
Q

Pes Cavus (medial longitudinal arch)

A

an unusually high medial longitudinal arch

62
Q

LATERAL LONGITUDINAL ARCH

A

runs parallel to medial arch, along lateral edge of foot
-most visible in people with very high arches

63
Q

Pes Planus (lateral longitudinal arch)

A

occurs when longitudinal arches are lost
=”flat feet”

64
Q

TRANSVERSE ARCH

A

runs across midfoot from medial to lateral
-provides support & flexibility to foot

MSA II (15 decks)

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