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MSA II > SACRUM / PELVIS / HIP > Flashcards

SACRUM / PELVIS / HIP Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

OS COXAE (bones)

A

-ilium
-ischium
-pubis

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2
Q

Triradiate Cartilage

A

“Y” shaped epiphyseal plate that forms acetabulum at junction of ischium, ilium, pubis
-fuses at 12-13yrs (female), 14-15yrs (male)

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3
Q

what bones make up the greater sciatic notch?

A

ilium & ischium

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4
Q

what divides the greater & lesser sciatic notch?

A

ischial spine

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5
Q

sit bones

A

ischial tuberosity

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6
Q

what forms the iliopectineal line?

A

arcuate line of ilium & pectineal line of pubic bone

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7
Q

6 types of joints

A

-L5-S1 facet joint
-L5-S1 intervertebral joint
-sacroiliac joint
-sacrococcygeal joint
-pubic symphysis
-acetabulofemoral (hip) joint

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8
Q

L5-S1 FACET JOINT

A

-type: synovial, plane, diarthrosis, uniaxial
-articular surfaces: inferior condylar facet of L5 vertebrae, superior condylar facet of sacrum
-ligaments: articular capsule, supraspinous, interspinous, ligamentum flavum, intertransverse, iliolumbar
-movements: gliding, flexion & extension, some lateral flexion with rotation

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9
Q

L5-S1 INTERVERTEBRAL JOINTS (lumbosacral joint)

A

-type: cartilaginous, symphysis, amphiarthrosis, triaxial
-articular surfaces: inferior body of superior vertebra, superior body of inferior vertebra, IVD
-ligaments: ALL, PLL, iliolumbar ligament
-movements: flexion, extension, lateral flexion & some rotation

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10
Q

SACROILIAC JOINTS

A

-type: synovial, plane (also fibrous, syndesmosis), diarthrosis, amphiarthrosis
-articular surfaces: C-shaped auricular surface, concave sacral surface (covered in hyaline cartilage) on sacrum
-articular surfaces: C-shaped auricular surface, convex ilial surface (covered in fibrocartilage) on ilium
-ligaments: joint capsule, iliolumbar, anterior sacroiliac, interosseous, posterior; long & short sacroiliac, sacrotuberous, sacrospinous
-movements: gliding (slight), nutation & counternutation

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11
Q

SACROCOCCYGEAL JOINT

A

-type: cartilaginous, symphysis, amphiarthrosis, uniaxial
-articular surfaces: inferior surface of apex of sacrum
-articular surfaces: superior surface of base of coccyx
-ligaments: has fibrocartilaginous disc, sacrococcygeal ligaments (anterior, lateral, superficial & deep posterior), intercornual
-movements: small amount of flexion & extension, especially during defecation & childbirth

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12
Q

PUBIC JOINT / INTERPUBIC/ PUBIC SYMPHYSIS

A

-type: cartilaginous, symphysis, amphiarthrosis, uniaxial
-articular surfaces: symphyseal surfaces covered by hyaline of two pubic bones with a fibrocartilaginous disc in between
-ligaments: superior pubic ligaments, inferior (arcuate) pubic ligament
-movements: gliding, very little motion

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13
Q

ACETABULOFEMORAL JOINT (hip joint)

A

-type: synovial, ball & socket (spheroid), diarthrosis, triaxial
-articular surfaces: head of femur with lunate surface of acetabulum on labrum
-ligaments: fibrous capsule, labrum, zona orbicularis, ligamentum capitis femoris (ligamentum teres), transverse acetabular, iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral
-movements: flexion, extension, ADD, ABD, medial/ internal rotation, lateral/ external rotation, circumduction

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14
Q

SACROILIAC JOINT - LIGAMENTS

A

-sacroiliac ligaments: anterior, posterior (long & short), interosseous
-sacrospinous ligaments (sacrum to spine of ischium)
-sacrotuberous ligaments (sacrum to ischial tuberosity)
-iliolumbar ligaments

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15
Q

PUBIC JOINTS - LIGAMENTS

A

-superior pubic ligament
-inferior pubic ligament (arcuate pubic ligament)

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16
Q

COUNTER NUTATION

A

-base of sacrum moves superiorly & posteriorly
-enlarges pelvic INLET
-ischial tuberosities approximate
-pubic symphysis separates
-iliac crests separate
-PSIS approximates
-ASIS flares OUT

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17
Q

NUTATION

A

-base of sacrum moves inferiorly & anteriorly
-enlarges pelvic OUTLET
-ischial tuberosities move apart
-symphysis pubis approximates
-iliac crests approximate
-PSIS separates
-ASIS flares IN

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18
Q

ACETABULOFEMRAL (hip) AROM

A

flexion: 110-120
extension: 10-15
internal/ medial rotation: 30-40
external/ lateral rotation: 40-60
ABD: 30-50
ADD: 30

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19
Q

3 main bursae

A

-trochanteric bursa
-ischial bursa
-gluteofemoral bursa

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20
Q

NORMAL end feels

A

-flexion & ADD: elastic / tissue approximation
-straight leg raise: elastic
-extension & ABD: elastic / firm
-internal & external rotation: elastic / firm

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21
Q

ABNORMAL end feels

A

-bony: osteoarthritis
-late myospasm: instability

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22
Q

hip joint forces

Study These Flashcards
A

standing: 0.3x body weight
standing on 1 leg: 2.5x body weight
walking: 3x body weight
running: 4.5x body weight

23
Q

Q angle

Study These Flashcards
A

-line drawn from ASIS through center of patella
-another line drawn from center of patella to center of tibial tuberosity
-term “Q” used to represent main pull of quadriceps muscle
-women’s Q angle: 4.5 degrees larger due to wider pelvis
*a large “Q” angle may predispose to osteoarthritis of knee / patellar dislocation

24
Q

GENU VARUM

Study These Flashcards
A

“bow-legged”, outward bowing of knees

25
GENA VALGUM
"knock-kneed", inward bowing of knees
26
GENA RECURVATUM
knee hyperextension, excessive extension
27
lumbopelvic rhythm
describes a combined movement of lumbar spine & pelvis when bending forward
28
anterior pelvic tilt (muscles)
TIGHT: erector spinae, hip flexors, quadriceps WEAK: hamstrings, glutes, abdominals
29
posterior pelvic tilt (muscles)
TIGHT: abdominal muscles, hamstrings, gluteus maximus WEAK: erector spinae, hip flexors
30
purpose for male & female pelvis
FEMALE: designed for childbirth & mobility MALE: designed for strength & stability
31
CAUDA EQUINA
adult spinal cord ends at L1/L2 -> becomes cauda equina
32
the end of vertebral column
L5 is last intervertebral disc & facet articulation with sacrum
33
psoas major & iliacus combine to form what muscle?
iliospoas muscle
34
external rotator muscles
-piriformis -superior gemellus -inferior gemellus -obturator internus -obturator externus -quadratus femoris
35
pelvic floor muscles
-ischiocavernosus muscle -bulbospongiosis (bulbocavernosus) muscle -transverse perineal muscles -levator ani muscles
36
MALE pelvic muscles
CREMASTER (connected to internal oblique muscle): surrounds each testicle, contracts to raise/ lower testicles (raising them -> closer to body & warms them up) DARTOS: surrounds penis, foreskin & scrotum -> contracts to wrinkle scrotal skin to reduce heat loss, relaxes them does the opposite
37
ILIOCOSTALIS LUMBORUM
O: sacrum, iliac crest, SP T11, T12, supraspinous ligament, lateral crest of sacrum I: angle of ribs 7-12 A: B - extension of spine, eccentric stabilization during trunk flexion A: U - lateral flexion of spine N: dorsal rami (spinal nerve)
38
LONGISSIMUS THORACIS
O: TVP L1-L5, thoracolumbar fascia I: TVP T1-T12, angle of ribs 4-12 A: B - extension of spine, draws ribs down A: U - lateral flexion of spine N: dorsal rami (spinal nerve)
39
DIAPHRAGM
O: sternal part: two slips of dorsum of xiphoid process O: costal part: lower 6 ribs & their costal cartilages O: lumbar part: bodies of L1-L3 I: into central tendon (aponeurosis) A: separates abdominal & thoracic cavities, contracts during inspiration (dome descends), relaxes during expiration (dome ascends) N: Phrenic nerve
40
PSOAS MAJOR
O: TVP L1-L5, sides of bodies, corresponding discs of T12-L5 I: lesser trochanter of femur A: flexion & lateral rotation of hip; flexion & lateral flexion of trunk, anterior pelvic tilt N: lumbar plexus
41
PSOAS MINOR
O: sides of bodies T12, L1 & disc in between I: iliopectineal eminence, arcuate line of ilium & iliac fascia A: flexion of pelvis on lumbar spine N: lumbar plexus *absent in ~50% of people
42
ILIACUS
O: superior 2/3 of iliac fossa, internal lip of iliac crest, iliolumbar & ventral sacroiliac ligaments, ala of sacrum I: lateral side of tendon of psoas major & just distal to lesser trochanter A: flexion & lateral rotation of hip, anterior pelvic tilit N: femoral nerve
43
QUADRATUS LUMBORUM
O: iliolumbar ligament, iliac crest I: inferior border of 12th rib, TVP L1-L4 A: B - extensions of lumbar spine A: U - elevation of pelvis, lateral flexion of trunk, depression of 12th rib N: lumbar plexus
44
LATISSIMUS DORSI
O: SP T7-T12, last 3-4 ribs, through thoracolumbar fascia, posterior 1/3 of external lip of iliac crest, slip from inferior angle of scapula I: intertubercular groove of humerus A: B - hyperextends spine A: U - lateral flexion of trunk, shoulder joint, assists in tilting pelvis N: thoracodorsal nerve
45
GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
O: posterior gluteal line of ilium, portion of iliac crest, posterior surface of lower part of sacrum, side of coccyx, aponeurosis of erector spinae, sacrotuberous ligament, gluteal aponeurosis I: iliotibial tract of tensor fascia lata I: gluteal tuberosity of femur A: extends & laterally rotates hip joint, helps to stabilize knee in extension (via its insertion to IT band) A: upper fibers - assist in ABD of hip A: lower fibers - assist in ADD of hip N: inferior gluteal nerve
46
GLUTEUS MEDIUS
O: external surface of ilium between iliac crest & posterior gluteal line dorsally & anterior gluteal line ventrally & gluteal aponeurosis I: oblique ridge on lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur A: ABD of hip A: anterior fibers - medially rotate & may assist in flexion of hip joint A: posterior fibers - laterally rotate & may assist in extension of hip joint N: superior gluteal nerve
47
GLUTEUS MINIMUS
O: external surface of ilium between anterior & inferior gluteal line, margin of greater sciatic notch I: anterior border of greater trochanter of femur & hip joint capsule A: ABD, medially rotates, may assist in flexion of hip joint N: superior gluteal nerve
48
PIRIFORMIS
O: pelvic surface of sacrum close to S1-S4 sacral foramina, margin of greater sciatic foramen & pelvic surface of sacrotuberous ligament I: superior border of greater trochanter of femur A: lateral rotation of hip, ABD of thigh when hip is flexed N: nerve to piriformis
49
SUPERIOR GEMELLUS
O: external surface of spine of ischium I: with tendon of obturator internus into medial surface of greater trochanter of femur A: lateral rotation of hip, ABD thigh when hip is flexed N: nerve to obturator internus
50
INFERIOR GEMELLUS
O: proximal part of tuberosity of ischium I: with tendon of obturator internus into medial surface of greater trochanter of femur A: lateral rotation of hip, ABD of thigh when hip is flexed N: nerve to quadratus femoris
51
OBTURATOR INTERNUS
O: internal/ pelvic surface of obturator membrane & margin of obturator foramen, pelvic surface of ischium posterior & proximal to obturator foramen I: medial surface of greater trochanter of femur, proximal to trochanteric fossa A: lateral rotation of hip joint, ABD of thigh when hip is flexed N: nerve to obturator internus
52
OBTURATOR EXTERNUS
O: rami of pubis & ischium & external surface of obturator membrane I: trochanteric fossa of femur A: lateral rotation of hip joint, weak ADD of thigh N: obturator nerve
53
QUADRATUS FEMORIS
O: proximal part of lateral border of tuberosity of ischium I: proximal part of quadrate line, extends distally from intertrochanteric crest A: lateral rotation of hip joint, ADD of thigh (weak action) N: nerve to quadratus femoris

MSA II (15 decks)

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