THORACIC SPINE

Question 1

LORDOTIC curves

Answer 1

cervical
lumbar

Question 2

KYPHOTIC curves

Answer 2

thoracic
sacral

Question 3

what is different about the T-spine?

Answer 3

stronger than c-spine
bodies = thicker & heavier (hold up more weight)
bodies have costal facets / demifacets (head of ribs)
TVPs = longer & larger, also have costal facet (ribs T1-T10)

Question 4

typical vs. atypical vertebrae

Answer 4

TYPICAL: T2-T8
ATYPICAL: T1, T9, T10, T11, T12

Question 5

what is atypical about T1?

Answer 5

superior facet for rib 1
inferior demifacet for rib 2

Question 6

what is atypical about T9?

Answer 6

only one superior demifacet (T2-T8 have two)

Question 7

what is atypical about T10, T11 &T12?

Answer 7

SP = shorter & broader
TVP T11 & T12 do not have costal facets
T10, T11, T12 have superior facet for head of rib

Question 8

COSTAL CARTILAGE

Answer 8

-smooth, elastic, resilient CT
-connects ribs to sternum at front of chest
-made of cartilage cells in glycoprotein matrix strengthened by collagen
-contributes to elasticity in walls of thorax allowing chest to expand & retract during breathing

Question 9

true ribs

Answer 9

(vertebrosternal)
ribs 1-7
connect directly to sternum via costal cartilage

Question 10

false ribs

Answer 10

(vertebrochondral)
ribs 8-10
do not connect directly to sternum - share costal cartilage (of rib 7)

Question 11

floating ribs

Answer 11

(vertebral)
ribs 11 & 12
not connected to sternum

Question 12

sternum

Answer 12

manubrium
body
xiphoid process

Question 13

manubrium

Answer 13

-anterior, posterior surface
-superior, inferior, lateral border
-suprasternal / jugular notch
-sternal angle
-costal notch
-clavicular notch

Question 14

what rib attaches to the sternal angle (manubriosternal joint)?

Answer 14

rib 2

Question 15

body (sternum)

Answer 15

-anterior, posterior surface
-superior, inferior, lateral border
-sternal angle
-costal notches

Question 16

where is the infrasternal angle?

Answer 16

at xiphoid process

Question 17

the xiphisternal joint is also called…

Answer 17

subcostal joint

Question 18

xiphoid process

Answer 18

-anterior, posterior surface
-superior, lateral border
-costal notches

Question 19

FACET JOINT type & movements

Answer 19

synovial, plane, diarthrosis, uniaxial
gliding, flexion, some lateral flexion with rotation

Question 20

INTERVERTEBRAL JOINT type & movements

Answer 20

cartilaginous, symphysis, amphiarthrosis, triaxial
flexion, extension, lateral flexion, some rotation

Question 21

COSTOVERTEBRAL JOINTS type & movements

Answer 21

(rib to body)
synovial, plane, diarthrosis, uniaxial
gliding (elevation & depression of ribs during breathing)

Question 22

COSTOTRANSVERSE JOINTS type & movements

Answer 22

(rib to TVP)
synovial, plane, diarthrosis, uniaxial
gliding (elevation & depression of ribs during breathing)

Question 23

STERNOCOSTAL JOINT (1ST RIB) type & movements

Answer 23

cartilaginous, synchondrosis, synarthrosis
no movements

Question 24

STERNOCOSTAL JOINTS (2-7 RIBS) type & movements

Answer 24

synovial, plane, diarthrosis, uniaxial
slight gliding

Question 25

COSTOCHONDRAL JOINTS type & movements

Answer 25

cartilaginous, synchondrosis, synarthrosis slight movement

Question 26

MANUBRIOSTERNAL JOINT forms...

Answer 26

sternal angle / sternal angle of Louis

Question 27

MANUBRIOSTERNAL JOINT type & movements

Answer 27

cartilaginous, symphysis, amphiarthrosis, uniaxial slight flexion & extension (during breathing)

Question 28

XIPHISTERNAL JOINT forms...

Answer 28

infrasternal angle

Question 29

XIPHISTERNAL JOINT type & movements

Answer 29

cartilaginous, synchondrosis, amphiarthrosis, uniaxial slight flexion & extension

Question 30

ligaments (in order)

Answer 30

ALL PLL ligamentum flavum interspinous supraspinous

Question 31

ranges of motion in T-spine

Answer 31

flexion extension lateral flexion rotation

Question 32

LAYER 1 (most superficial)

Answer 32

trapezius, latissimus dorsi

Question 33

LAYER 2

Answer 33

levator scapulae, rhomboid major & minor

Question 34

LAYER 3

Answer 34

serratus posterior superior & inferior

Question 35

LAYER 4

Answer 35

splenius capitis & cervicis

Question 36

LAYER 5

Answer 36

erector spinae group (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis)

Question 37

LAYER 6 (deepest layer)

Answer 37

transversospinalis group (semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores)

Question 38

rotatores are MOST present in...

Answer 38

THORACIC spine

Question 39

intercostals

Answer 39

external internal innermost

Question 40

intercostals FUNCTION

Answer 40

aid in posture & respiration

Question 41

thoracolumbar fascia

Answer 41

-deep investing membrane throughout posterior thoracic & abdominal regions -encloses most intrinsic back muscles -comprised of CT made of crosshatched collagen fibers & is extremely strong attachment point for muscles