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MSA II > THORACIC SPINE > Flashcards

THORACIC SPINE Flashcards

1
Q

LORDOTIC curves

A

cervical
lumbar

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2
Q

KYPHOTIC curves

A

thoracic
sacral

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3
Q

what is different about the T-spine?

A

stronger than c-spine
bodies = thicker & heavier (hold up more weight)
bodies have costal facets / demifacets (head of ribs)
TVPs = longer & larger, also have costal facet (ribs T1-T10)

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4
Q

typical vs. atypical vertebrae

A

TYPICAL: T2-T8
ATYPICAL: T1, T9, T10, T11, T12

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5
Q

what is atypical about T1?

A

superior facet for rib 1
inferior demifacet for rib 2

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6
Q

what is atypical about T9?

A

only one superior demifacet (T2-T8 have two)

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7
Q

what is atypical about T10, T11 &T12?

A

SP = shorter & broader
TVP T11 & T12 do not have costal facets
T10, T11, T12 have superior facet for head of rib

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8
Q

COSTAL CARTILAGE

A

-smooth, elastic, resilient CT
-connects ribs to sternum at front of chest
-made of cartilage cells in glycoprotein matrix strengthened by collagen
-contributes to elasticity in walls of thorax allowing chest to expand & retract during breathing

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9
Q

true ribs

A

(vertebrosternal)
ribs 1-7
connect directly to sternum via costal cartilage

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10
Q

false ribs

A

(vertebrochondral)
ribs 8-10
do not connect directly to sternum - share costal cartilage (of rib 7)

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11
Q

floating ribs

A

(vertebral)
ribs 11 & 12
not connected to sternum

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12
Q

sternum

A

manubrium
body
xiphoid process

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13
Q

manubrium

A

-anterior, posterior surface
-superior, inferior, lateral border
-suprasternal / jugular notch
-sternal angle
-costal notch
-clavicular notch

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14
Q

what rib attaches to the sternal angle (manubriosternal joint)?

A

rib 2

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15
Q

body (sternum)

A

-anterior, posterior surface
-superior, inferior, lateral border
-sternal angle
-costal notches

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16
Q

where is the infrasternal angle?

A

at xiphoid process

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17
Q

the xiphisternal joint is also called…

A

subcostal joint

18
Q

xiphoid process

A

-anterior, posterior surface
-superior, lateral border
-costal notches

19
Q

FACET JOINT type & movements

A

synovial, plane, diarthrosis, uniaxial
gliding, flexion, some lateral flexion with rotation

20
Q

INTERVERTEBRAL JOINT type & movements

A

cartilaginous, symphysis, amphiarthrosis, triaxial
flexion, extension, lateral flexion, some rotation

21
Q

COSTOVERTEBRAL JOINTS type & movements

A

(rib to body)
synovial, plane, diarthrosis, uniaxial
gliding (elevation & depression of ribs during breathing)

22
Q

COSTOTRANSVERSE JOINTS type & movements

A

(rib to TVP)
synovial, plane, diarthrosis, uniaxial
gliding (elevation & depression of ribs during breathing)

23
Q

STERNOCOSTAL JOINT (1ST RIB) type & movements

A

cartilaginous, synchondrosis, synarthrosis
no movements

24
Q

STERNOCOSTAL JOINTS (2-7 RIBS) type & movements

A

synovial, plane, diarthrosis, uniaxial
slight gliding

25
Q

COSTOCHONDRAL JOINTS type & movements

A

cartilaginous, synchondrosis, synarthrosis
slight movement

26
Q

MANUBRIOSTERNAL JOINT forms…

A

sternal angle / sternal angle of Louis

27
Q

MANUBRIOSTERNAL JOINT type & movements

A

cartilaginous, symphysis, amphiarthrosis, uniaxial
slight flexion & extension (during breathing)

28
Q

XIPHISTERNAL JOINT forms…

A

infrasternal angle

29
Q

XIPHISTERNAL JOINT type & movements

A

cartilaginous, synchondrosis, amphiarthrosis, uniaxial
slight flexion & extension

30
Q

ligaments (in order)

A

ALL
PLL
ligamentum flavum
interspinous
supraspinous

31
Q

ranges of motion in T-spine

A

flexion
extension
lateral flexion
rotation

32
Q

LAYER 1 (most superficial)

A

trapezius, latissimus dorsi

33
Q

LAYER 2

A

levator scapulae, rhomboid major & minor

34
Q

LAYER 3

A

serratus posterior superior & inferior

35
Q

LAYER 4

A

splenius capitis & cervicis

36
Q

LAYER 5

A

erector spinae group (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis)

37
Q

LAYER 6 (deepest layer)

A

transversospinalis group (semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores)

38
Q

rotatores are MOST present in…

A

THORACIC spine

39
Q

intercostals

A

external
internal
innermost

40
Q

intercostals FUNCTION

A

aid in posture & respiration

41
Q

thoracolumbar fascia

A

-deep investing membrane throughout posterior thoracic & abdominal regions
-encloses most intrinsic back muscles
-comprised of CT made of crosshatched collagen fibers & is extremely strong
attachment point for muscles

MSA II (15 decks)

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