CERVICAL SPINE

Question 1

typical vs. atypical vertebrae

Answer 1

TYPICAL: C3, C4, C5, C6
ATYPICAL: C1, C2, C7

Question 2

C1 ATLAS - divided into 3 sections

Answer 2

anterior arch
lateral mass
posterior arch

Question 3

anterior arch

Answer 3

articular facet for dens/ odontoid process
anterior tubercle
fovea dentis

Question 4

lateral mass

Answer 4

(no vertebral body)
tubercle for transverse ligament
superior & inferior articular facet
transverse foramen
TVP

Question 5

posterior arch

Answer 5

posterior tubercle
groove for vertebral artery

Question 6

C1 (atypical)

Answer 6

no SP
no body

Question 7

C2 AXIS

Answer 7

dens / odontoid process
anterior articular facet (for anterior arch C1)
posterior articular facet (for transverse ligament C1)
impression alar ligament
SP (bifid)
superior & inferior articular facet
vertebral foramen
body, pedicle, lamina
TVP
transverse foramen
intervertebral foramen

Question 8

posterior articular facet (C2)

Answer 8

(groove for transverse ligament of C1)
transverse ligament of C1 sits just below facet

Question 9

transverse foramen

Answer 9

where vertebral artery runs through

Question 10

what is atypical about C7?

Answer 10

elongated SP
NOT bifid

Question 11

hyoid bone

Answer 11

body
greater cornu/ horn
lesser cornu/ horn

Question 12

5 joints

Answer 12

atlanto-occipital (between occiput & C1)
medial atlanto-axial (between C1 & C2 = DENS)
lateral atlanto-axial (between C1 & C2)
facet joint (C2-C7)
intervertebral (C2-C7)

Question 13

ATLANTO-OCCIPITAL JOINT type

Answer 13

synovial, condyloid, diarthrosis, biaxial

Question 14

ATLANTO-OCCIPITAL JOINT articular surfaces

Answer 14

occiput: condylar facets (convex)
atlas (C1): superior facets of lateral mass of atlas (concave)

Question 15

ATLANTO-OCCIPITAL JOINT movements

Answer 15

flexion, extension, slight lateral flexion

Question 16

MEDIAL ATLANTO-AXIAL JOINT type

Answer 16

synovial, pivot, diarthrosis, uniaxial
(rotation)

Question 17

MEDIAL ATLANTO-AXIAL JOINT articular surfaces

Answer 17

atlas C1: facet for dens on atlas (concave)
axis C2: anterior facet for dens on axis (convex)

Question 18

LATERAL ATLANTO-AXIAL JOINT type

Answer 18

synovial, plane, diarthrosis, uniaxial
(gliding)

Question 19

LATERAL ATLANTO-AXIAL JOINT articular surfaces

Answer 19

atlas C1: inferior facets of C1
axis C2: superior facets of C2

Question 20

tectorial membrane

Answer 20

turns into PLL after C2

Question 21

cruciate / cruciform / transverse ligament

Answer 21

holds dens of C2 against C1
creates pivot

Question 22

ALL

Answer 22

prevents hyperextension

Question 23

PLL

Answer 23

prevents hyperflexion

Question 24

FACET JOINT type

Answer 24

synovial, plane, diarthrosis, uniaxial

Question 25

FACET JOINT articular surfaces

Answer 25

inferior condylar facet of superior vertebrae superior condylar facet of inferior vertebrae

Question 26

FACET JOINT movements

Answer 26

gliding, flexion, extension coupled with slight lateral flexion & rotation

Question 27

INTERVERTEBRAL JOINT type

Answer 27

cartilaginous, symphysis, amphiarthrosis, triaxial

Question 28

INTERVERTEBRAL JOINT articular surfaces

Answer 28

inferior body of superior vertebrae superior body of inferior vertebrae intervertebral disc

Question 29

C-spine end feel

Answer 29

tissue stretch

Question 30

coupled motions

Answer 30

rotation & lateral flexion always together except at C1/C2 C2-T5 = ipsilateral side T6-L5 = contralateral side

Question 31

suprahyoid muscles

Answer 31

digastric stylohyoid geniohyoid mylohyoid

Question 32

infrahyoid muscles

Answer 32

sternohyoid omohyoid thyrohyoid sternothyroid

Question 33

transversospinalis group

Answer 33

semispinalis multifidus rotatores

Question 34

erector spinae group

Answer 34

spinalis longissimus iliocostalis

Question 35

erector spinae group ACTIONS

Answer 35

bilateral: extend vertebral column & head unilateral: lateral flexion of spine

Question 36

deep neck flexors

Answer 36

rectus capitis anterior rectus capitis lateralis longus capitis longus cervicis (colli)

Question 37

scalenes

Answer 37

anterior middle posterior

Question 38

function of suboccipital muscles

Answer 38

maintain postural stabilization of head (suboccipital nerve)

Question 39

suboccipital muscles

Answer 39

rectus capitis posterior minor rectus capitis posterior major obliquues capitis inferior obliquues capitis superior

Question 40

interspinalis ACTION

Answer 40

extend vertebral column

Question 41

intertransversarius ACTION

Answer 41

lateral flexion of vertebral column