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MSA II > CERVICAL SPINE > Flashcards

CERVICAL SPINE Flashcards

1
Q

typical vs. atypical vertebrae

A

TYPICAL: C3, C4, C5, C6
ATYPICAL: C1, C2, C7

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2
Q

C1 ATLAS - divided into 3 sections

A

anterior arch
lateral mass
posterior arch

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3
Q

anterior arch

A

articular facet for dens/ odontoid process
anterior tubercle
fovea dentis

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4
Q

lateral mass

A

(no vertebral body)
tubercle for transverse ligament
superior & inferior articular facet
transverse foramen
TVP

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5
Q

posterior arch

A

posterior tubercle
groove for vertebral artery

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6
Q

C1 (atypical)

A

no SP
no body

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7
Q

C2 AXIS

A

dens / odontoid process
anterior articular facet (for anterior arch C1)
posterior articular facet (for transverse ligament C1)
impression alar ligament
SP (bifid)
superior & inferior articular facet
vertebral foramen
body, pedicle, lamina
TVP
transverse foramen
intervertebral foramen

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8
Q

posterior articular facet (C2)

A

(groove for transverse ligament of C1)
transverse ligament of C1 sits just below facet

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9
Q

transverse foramen

A

where vertebral artery runs through

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10
Q

what is atypical about C7?

A

elongated SP
NOT bifid

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11
Q

hyoid bone

A

body
greater cornu/ horn
lesser cornu/ horn

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12
Q

5 joints

A

atlanto-occipital (between occiput & C1)
medial atlanto-axial (between C1 & C2 = DENS)
lateral atlanto-axial (between C1 & C2)
facet joint (C2-C7)
intervertebral (C2-C7)

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13
Q

ATLANTO-OCCIPITAL JOINT type

A

synovial, condyloid, diarthrosis, biaxial

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14
Q

ATLANTO-OCCIPITAL JOINT articular surfaces

A

occiput: condylar facets (convex)
atlas (C1): superior facets of lateral mass of atlas (concave)

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15
Q

ATLANTO-OCCIPITAL JOINT movements

A

flexion, extension, slight lateral flexion

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16
Q

MEDIAL ATLANTO-AXIAL JOINT type

A

synovial, pivot, diarthrosis, uniaxial
(rotation)

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17
Q

MEDIAL ATLANTO-AXIAL JOINT articular surfaces

A

atlas C1: facet for dens on atlas (concave)
axis C2: anterior facet for dens on axis (convex)

18
Q

LATERAL ATLANTO-AXIAL JOINT type

A

synovial, plane, diarthrosis, uniaxial
(gliding)

19
Q

LATERAL ATLANTO-AXIAL JOINT articular surfaces

A

atlas C1: inferior facets of C1
axis C2: superior facets of C2

20
Q

tectorial membrane

A

turns into PLL after C2

21
Q

cruciate / cruciform / transverse ligament

A

holds dens of C2 against C1
creates pivot

22
Q

ALL

A

prevents hyperextension

23
Q

PLL

A

prevents hyperflexion

24
Q

FACET JOINT type

A

synovial, plane, diarthrosis, uniaxial

25
Q

FACET JOINT articular surfaces

A

inferior condylar facet of superior vertebrae
superior condylar facet of inferior vertebrae

26
Q

FACET JOINT movements

A

gliding, flexion, extension coupled with slight lateral flexion & rotation

27
Q

INTERVERTEBRAL JOINT type

A

cartilaginous, symphysis, amphiarthrosis, triaxial

28
Q

INTERVERTEBRAL JOINT articular surfaces

A

inferior body of superior vertebrae
superior body of inferior vertebrae
intervertebral disc

29
Q

C-spine end feel

A

tissue stretch

30
Q

coupled motions

A

rotation & lateral flexion always together except at C1/C2
C2-T5 = ipsilateral side
T6-L5 = contralateral side

31
Q

suprahyoid muscles

A

digastric
stylohyoid
geniohyoid
mylohyoid

32
Q

infrahyoid muscles

A

sternohyoid
omohyoid
thyrohyoid
sternothyroid

33
Q

transversospinalis group

A

semispinalis
multifidus
rotatores

34
Q

erector spinae group

A

spinalis
longissimus
iliocostalis

35
Q

erector spinae group ACTIONS

A

bilateral: extend vertebral column & head
unilateral: lateral flexion of spine

36
Q

deep neck flexors

A

rectus capitis anterior
rectus capitis lateralis
longus capitis
longus cervicis (colli)

37
Q

scalenes

A

anterior
middle
posterior

38
Q

function of suboccipital muscles

A

maintain postural stabilization of head
(suboccipital nerve)

39
Q

suboccipital muscles

A

rectus capitis posterior minor
rectus capitis posterior major
obliquues capitis inferior
obliquues capitis superior

40
Q

interspinalis ACTION

A

extend vertebral column

41
Q

intertransversarius ACTION

A

lateral flexion of vertebral column

MSA II (15 decks)

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