Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Abdo > anteriolateral abdominal wall > Flashcards

anteriolateral abdominal wall Flashcards

1
Q

what is the funciton of the abdominal wall?

A

encloses the abdominal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is contained within the abdominal cavity?

A

holds the bulk of the GI viscera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the function of the abdominal wall?

A
  1. forms a firm, flexible wall which keeps the abdominal viscera in the abdominal cavity
  2. PROTECTS abdo visceral from injury
  3. maintains ANATOMICAL POSITION of viscera against gravity
  4. assists in FORCEFUL EXPIRATION by pushing the abdominal viscera upwards
  5. involved in any action (coughing, vomiting) that INCREASES INTRA-ABDOMINAL pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the layers of the abdominal wall? (external to internal)

A

skin, superficial fascia (subcutaneous tissue), muscles & associated fascia, parietal peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does the superficial fascia consist of?

A

fatty connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does the composition of the superficial fascia layer depend on?

A

its location

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

describe how the superficial fascia layer is above the umbilicus?

A

a single sheet of connective tissue

continuous with the superficial fascia in other regions of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

describe how the superficial fascia layer is below the umbilicus?

A

divided into 2 layers:
fatty superficial layer (Camper’s fascia)
membranous deep layer (Scarpa’s fascia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what runs between the 2 superficial fascia layer below the umbilicus?

A

superficial vessels and nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how many muscles are there in the abdominal wall?

A

5 muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the groups that the muscles in the abdominal wall can be divided into?

A

vertical muscles & flat muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how many flat muscles of the abdominal wall are there?

A

3 flat muscles:
external oblique
internal oblique
transversus abdominis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where are the flat muscles of the abdominal wall located?

A

laterally in the abdominal wall, stacked upon one another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the function of the flat muscles?

A

they act to flex, laterally flex and rotate the trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

which direction do the fibres of the abdominal wall run? why?

A

in differing directions and cross each other - strengthening the abdominal wall and decreasing the risk of herniation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

describe the muscle external oblique in terms of structure within the abdominal wall

A

largest and most superficial flat muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

where do the fibres of external oblique run? what does it form?

A

fibres run inferomedially

as the fibres approach the mid-line, they form an aponeurosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is an aponeurosis?

A

a broad flat tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what happens in the mid-line where the aponeuroses forms?

A

the aponeuroses of all the flat muscles become entwined, forming the linea alba

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the linea alba?

A

a fibrous structure that extends from the xiphoid process of the sternum to the pubic symphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

describe the location of the internal oblique muscle within the anterolateral abdominal wall

A

lies deep to the external oblique

smaller and thinner structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

where do the fibres of the internal oblique run?

A

superiormedially (perpendicular to the fibres of the external oblique)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what happens to the fibres of internal oblique near the midline?

A

forms aponeurotic fibres which contribute to the linea alba

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where does the transversus abdominis lie within the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A

deepest of the flat muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

where do the fibres of transversus abdominis lie?

A

transversely running fibres

26
Q

does the transversus abdominis contribute to linea alba?

A

transversus abdominis contributes to aponeurotic fibres to the linea alba (like other flat muscles)

27
Q

what lies deep to transversus abdominis?

A

a well formed layer of fascia, called transversalis fascia

28
Q

what are the vertical muscles?

A

rectus abdominis

pyramidalis

29
Q

what and where is the rectus abdominis?

A

a long, paired muscle, found either side of the midline in the abdominal wall

30
Q

what is the rectus abdominis split into 2 by?

A

linea alba

31
Q

what do the lateral border of the 2 muscles create?

A

a surface marking called the linea semilunaris

32
Q

what is the rectus abdominis intersected by at several places?

A

a fibrous strip - tendinous intersections

33
Q

what gives the 6 pack appearances?

A

the tendinous intersections and the linea alba

in individuals with low body fat

34
Q

what are the functions of the rectus abdominis?

A

compressing abdominal viscera
stabilise pelvis during walking
depresses the ribs

35
Q

describe the pyramidalis

A

a small triangle shaped muscle

36
Q

where is the pyramidalis found?

A

lovated inferiorly
base on pubis bone
apex of triangle attached to linea alba

37
Q

what is the function of pyramidalis?

A

tense the linea alba

38
Q

what is the rectus sheath formed by?

A

by the aponeuroses of the 3 flat muscles, and enloses the rectus abdominus and pyramidalis muscles
has anterior & posterior wall for most of its length

39
Q

what forms the anterior wall of the rectus sheath?

A

aponeuroses of the external oblique, and of half of the internal oblique

40
Q

what forms the posterior wall of the rectus sheath?

A

formed by the aponeuroses of half the internal oblique and of the transversus abdominis

41
Q

does the aponeuroses move? to where? when?

A

approximately halfway between the umbilicus and the pubic symphysis, all of the aponeuroses move to the anterior wall of the rectus sheath

42
Q

what happens when the aponeuroses moves to the anterior wall of the rectus sheath?

A

there is no posterior wall to the sheath

the rectus abdominis is in direct contact with the transversalis fascia

43
Q

what is the arcuate line?

A

the area of transition between having a posterior wall and on posterior wall

44
Q

which factors should be considered in incision used to gain access to the abdominal cavity?

A
  1. direction of the muscle fibres (split muscle fibres rather than cut)
  2. location of nerves
  3. ease of access of the desired viscera
45
Q

what is the median vertical incisions?

A

an incision that is made through the linea alba

can be extended the whole length of the abdomen, by curving around the umbilicus

46
Q

why is blood loss minimal in median vertical incisions?

what is another advantage of median vertical incisions?

A

linea alba is poorly vascularised

major nerves are also avoided

47
Q

when is median vertical incision used?

A

access to abdominal cavity

48
Q

what is paramedian vertical incisions

A

similar to median incision, but is performed laterally to the linea alba, providing access to more lateral structures (kidney, spleen & adrenals)

49
Q

where is a transverse incision made?

A

an incision made just inferior and laterally to the umbilicus

50
Q

why is a transverse incision made?

A

causes least damage to the nerve supply to the abdominal muscles, and heals well

51
Q

what is produced when incised rectus abdominis heals?

A

the incised rectus abdominus heals producing a new tendinous intersection

52
Q

when is a transverse incision used?

A

in operations on the colon, duodenum & pancreas

53
Q

where is suprapubic transverse incision (pfannenstiel) made?

A

5cm superior to the pubis symphysis

54
Q

when are suprapubic transverse incisions made?

A

when access to the pelvic organs is needed

55
Q

what care must be taken in a suprapubic transverse incision?

A

care must be taken not to perforate the bladder (especially if it is not catheterised), as the fascia thins around the bladder area

56
Q

where is subcostal transverse incision made?

A

the incision starts inferior to the xiphoid process, and extends inferior parallel to the costal margin

57
Q

when is subcostal transverse incision made?

A

used on the right side to operate on the gall bladder, and on the left to operate on the spleen

58
Q

how is a McBurney transverse incision made? what does it allow for?

A

a ‘grid iron’ incision, because it consists of 2 perpendicular lines, splitting the fibres of the muscles without cutting them - allows for excellent healing

59
Q

where is a McBurney transverse incision made?

A

performed at McBurney’s point (1/3 of the distance between the ASIS and the umbilicus)

60
Q

when is a McBurney transverse incision made?

A

appendectomies

Abdo (50 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions