Stomach

Question 1

where does the stomach extend between?

Answer 1

T7-L3

Question 2

where is the stomach located between?

Answer 2

oesophagus and duodenum

Question 3

what is the anterior and posterior surfaces of the stomach covered in?

Answer 3

smoothly rounded with a peritoneum covering

Question 4

what are the 4 regions of the stomach?

Answer 4

cardia, fundus, body, pylorus

Question 5

what is the cardia?

Answer 5

surrounds the superior opening of the stomach

Question 6

what is the fundus?

Answer 6

the rounded portion superior to and left of the cardia

Question 7

what is the body?

Answer 7

the large central portion inferior to the fundus

Question 8

what is the pylorus of the stomach?

Answer 8

connects the stomach to the duodenum

Question 9

what are the medial and lateral borders of the stomach known as? why?

Answer 9

medial & lateral borders of the stomach are curved

known as the lesser and greater curvatures

Question 10

what does the greater curvature of the stomach form?

Answer 10

long convex lateral border of the stomach

Question 11

where does the greater curvature of the stomach arise from?

Answer 11

the cardiac orifice

Question 12

describe the greater curvature of the stomach

Answer 12

cardiac orifice, arches backwards and passes inferiorly to the left

Question 13

what happens to the greater curvature of the stomach as it continues medially? what does it reach?

Answer 13

curves to the right as it continues medially to reach the pyloric antrum

Question 14

which arteries supply the greater curvature of the stomach?

Answer 14

short gastric arteries

right & left gastro-omental arteries

Question 15

what does the lesser curvature of the stomach form?

Answer 15

forms the shorter concave medial surface of the stomach

Question 16

what is the angular incisure?

Answer 16

the most inferior part of the lesser curvature

Question 17

what does the angular incisure indicate?

Answer 17

the junction of the body and pyloric region

Question 18

what does the lesser curvature give attachment to?

Answer 18

hepatogastric ligament

Question 19

which artery supplies the lesser curvature?

Answer 19

left gastric artery and right gastric branch of the hepatic artery

Question 20

where does the stomach lie in a supine position?

Answer 20

lies in the right and left upper quadrants or epigastric, umbilical, left hypochondrium and flank regions

Question 21

where does the stomach move in an erect position?

Answer 21

moves inferiorly

Question 22

what happens to the internal surface (mucosa) of the stomach when it is empty?

Answer 22

the mucosa lies in folds called rugae

Question 23

where do rugae (folds) become most prominent in the stomach?

Answer 23

toward the pyloric part and greater curvature

Question 24

what happens to the rugae during swallowing?

Answer 24

the rugae can form a temporary groove along the lesser curvature

Question 25

what is the temporary groove along the lesser curvature called?

Answer 25

gastric canal

Question 26

what is the function of the gastric canal?

Answer 26

masticated food and fluid drain along the canal to the pyloric canal when the stomach is empty

Question 27

how many sphincters are there in the stomach and where are they located?

Answer 27

2 sphincters of the stomach, one at each end

Question 28

what is the function of the sphincters of the stomach?

Answer 28

function to control what enters and exists the stomach and when

Question 29

where is the inferior oesophageal sphincter?

Answer 29

the sphincter between the oesophagus and the stomach

Question 30

where is the superior oesophageal sphincter located?

Answer 30

in the pharynx

Question 31

where is the inferior oesophageal sphincter located anatomically?

Answer 31

to the left of the T11 vertebra

Question 32

how is the inferior oesophageal sphincter marked histologically?

Answer 32

marked by an abrupt change from oesophageal to gastric mucosa

Question 33

what is located immediately superior to the inferior oesophageal sphincter?

Answer 33

oesophageal hiatus

Question 34

what is the oesophageal hiatus?

Answer 34

a hole in the diaphragm through which the oesophagus travels

Question 35

what is the inferior oesophageal sphincter called? why?

Answer 35

physiological (or functional) sphincter

Question 36

why is the inferior oesophageal sphincter called a physiological sphincter?

Answer 36

it does not have any specific sphincteric muscle, instead, a number of extrinsic forces act

Question 37

what happens at the oesophageal hiatus?

Answer 37

the right crus exerts pressure on the oesophageal wall

Question 38

in the normal (non-eating) state, how is the lumen of the oesophagus like?

Answer 38

collapsed

Question 39

how does the oesophagus enter the stomach?

Answer 39

at an angle

Question 40

why does the oesophagus enter the stomach at an angle?

Answer 40

when the stomach is full, this closes off entry to the stomach

Question 41

where is the pyloric sphincter found?

Answer 41

between the pylorus and the duodenum

Question 42

what does the pyloric sphincter control?

Answer 42

the exit of chyme (food and gastric acid mixture)

Question 43

what type of sphincter is the pyloric sphincter?

Answer 43

an anatomical sphincter

Question 44

why is the pyloric sphincter a type of anatomical sphincter?

Answer 44

it contains smooth muscle

Question 45

what is the function of the smooth muscle in the pyloric sphincter?

Answer 45

thickens to control the discharge of stomach contents through the orifice

Question 46

how does emptying of stomach occur?

Answer 46

intermittently when intragastric pressure overcomes the resistance of the pylorus

Question 47

how does the pylorus normally contract? why?

Answer 47

pylorus contracts tonically so that the orifice is small and food can stay in the stomach for a suitable period

Question 48

what is the function of gastric peristalsis?

Answer 48

gastric peristalsis pushes the chyme through the pyloric canal into the duodenum for further digestion

Question 49

what are organs within the abdominal cavity covered with?

Answer 49

double layered membrane called peritoneum

Question 50

what is the function of the peritoneum?

Answer 50

supports viscera and attaches them to the abdominal wall

Question 51

what is the greater and lesser omenta?

Answer 51

2 structures that consist of peritoneum folded over itself (2 layers of peritoneum, or 4 membrane layers)