The small intestine - duodenum Flashcards

1
Q

where is the small intestines?

A

an organ located in GI tract

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2
Q

what does the small intestine assist with?

A

digestion and absorption of ingested food

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3
Q

where does the small intestine extend from to?

A

pylorus of stomach to iliocaecal junction

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4
Q

what happens at the iliocaecal junction?

A

the small intestine meets the large intestine

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5
Q

how can the small bowel be divided?

A

into 3 parts:

  1. duodenum
  2. jejunum
  3. ileum
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6
Q

where can the duodenum be found in the small intestines?

A

the most proximal part of the small intestines

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7
Q

where does the duodenum run?

A

from pylorus to duodenojejunal junction

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8
Q

how can the duodenum be divided?

A
into 4 parts:
superior
descending
inferior
ascending
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9
Q

what shape does the duodenum form and around what?

A

a C shape around the head of pancreas

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10
Q

where does the superior part of the duodenum ascend from?

A

5cm

ascend from pylorus of stomach

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11
Q

what is the superior part of the duodenum connected to and by what?

A

connected to liver by hepatoduodenal ligament

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12
Q

what is likely to occur at the superior part of the duodenum?

A

duodenal ulcers

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13
Q

what is the nerve root of the superior part of the duodenum?

A

L1

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14
Q

what are the nerve roots of the descending part of the duodenum?

A

L1-L3

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15
Q

where does the descending portion of the duodenum travel?

A

The descending portion curves inferiorly around the head of the pancreas.

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16
Q

where does the descending portion of the duodenum lie?

A

It lies posteriorly to the transverse colon, and anteriorly to the right kidney

17
Q

How is the descending duodenum marked internally?

A

Internally, the descending duodenum is marked by the major duodenal papilla

18
Q

what is the duodenal papilla?

A

an opening for bile and pancreatic secretions to enter

19
Q

what is the duct responsible for carrying pancreatic secretions known as?

A

ampulla of Vater or hepatopancreatic ampulla

20
Q

what are the nerve roots of the inferior duodenum?

A

L3

21
Q

where does the inferior section of the duodenum travel? what does it cross over?

A

The inferior section travels laterally to the left, crossing over the inferior vena cava and aorta.

22
Q

where is the inferior section of the duodenum located?

A

It is located inferiorly to the pancreas, and posteriorly to the superior mesenteric artery and vein.

23
Q

what are the nerve roots of the anterior part of the duodenum?

A

L2-L3

24
Q

what happens after the anterior duodenum crosses the aorta?

A

After the duodenum crosses the aorta, it ascends and curves anteriorly to join the jejunum at a sharp turn

25
Q

what is the sharp turn at which the duodenum joins to the jejunum?

A

known as the duodenojejunal flexure

26
Q

what is located at the duodenojejunal junction? what is it called?

A

Located at the duodenojejunal junction is a slip of muscle called the suspensory muscle of the duodenum.

27
Q

what happens during contraction of the suspensory muscle of the duodenum?

A

Contraction of this muscle widens the angle of the flexure, and increases movement of the intestinal contents into the jejunum.

28
Q

what is a duodenal ulcer?

A

A duodenal ulcer is the erosion of the duodenal mucosa in a particular area.

29
Q

what can a duodenal ulcer also be known as?

A

peptic ulcer, although this term also used to refer to gastric ulcerations

30
Q

where are duodenal ulcers most likely to occur?

A

superior portion of the duodenum

31
Q

what is the most common cause of duodenal ulcers?

A

helicobacter pylori infection

32
Q

what is used to treat duodenal ulcers?

A

chronic NSAID

33
Q

when can complications occur with duodenal ulcers?

A

An ulcer in itself is not particularly troublesome. However, it can give rise to some serious complications if the duodenal wall is perforated

34
Q

how can the duodenal wall be perforated?

A

Inflammation of the peritoneum (peritonitis)

Erosion of the gastroduodenal artery

35
Q

what happens in inflammation of the peritoneum (peritonitis)?

A

causing damage to the surrounding viscera, such as the liver, pancreas and gall bladder

36
Q

what happens in erosion of the gastroduodenal artery?

A

subsequent haemorrhage