Liver - ligaments

Question 1

what are the ligaments that attach the liver to the surrounding structures formed by?

Answer 1

These are formed by a double layer of peritoneum.

Question 2

what does the falciform ligament attach?

Answer 2

attaches the anterior surface of the liver to the anterior abdominal wall. The free edge of this ligament contains the ligamentum teres, a remnant of the umbilical vein

Question 3

what does the free edge of the falciform ligament contain?

Answer 3

The free edge of this ligament contains the ligamentum teres, a remnant of the umbilical vein

Question 4

what do the (left & right) coronary ligaments attach?

Answer 4

attach the superior surface of the liver to the diaphragm.

Question 5

what do the (left & right) triangular ligaments attach?

Answer 5

attach the superior surface of the liver to the diaphragm.

Question 6

what does the lesser omentum consist of?

Answer 6

consists of the hepatoduodenal ligament and the hepatogastric ligament

Question 7

where does the hepatoduodenal ligament extend from?

Answer 7

duodenum to the liver

Question 8

where does the hepatogastric ligament extend from?

Answer 8

stomach to the liver

Question 9

what is the posterior surface of the liver secured to?

Answer 9

inferior vena cava

Question 10

what is the posterior surface of the liver secured to the inferior vena cava by?

Answer 10

hepatic veins and fibrous tissue

Question 11

what are the hepatic recesses?

Answer 11

spaces between the liver and surrounding structures

Question 12

why are the hepatic recesses of clinical importance?

Answer 12

infected fluids can collect in these areas, forming an abscess

Question 13

where is the Subphrenic spaces (left and right) located?

Answer 13

between the diaphragm and liver, either side of the falciform ligament

Question 14

where is the subhepatic space located?

Answer 14

between the inferior surface of the liver and the transverse colon

Question 15

where is the Morison’s pouch located?

Answer 15

the posterosuperior aspect of the right subhepatic space, located between the visceral surface of the liver and the right kidney

Question 16

what is the significance of the Morison’s pouch in terms of the peritoneal cavity? in which position? clinical relevance?

Answer 16

This is the deepest part of the peritoneal cavity when supine (lying flat), and this is where fluid is likely to collect in a bedridden patient

Question 17

macroscopic view of the surface of the liver: what is the entire liver covered by? what is it known as?

Answer 17

The entire liver is covered by a fibrous layer, known as Glisson’s capsule

Question 18

how many lobes is the liver divided into?

Answer 18

4

Question 19

what divides the liver into 4 lobes?

Answer 19

ligaments and surface depressions

Question 20

what divides the liver into left and right love?

Answer 20

by the attachment of the falciform ligament

Question 21

what is the falciform ligament?

Answer 21

a fold of peritoneum that attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall

Question 22

what else arises from the right lobe of the liver?

Answer 22

There are two further ‘accessory’ lobes that arise from the right lobe

Question 23

where are the 2 further ‘accessory’ lobes that arise from the right lobe located?

Answer 23

located on the visceral surface of liver

Question 24

what are the 2 accessory lobes that arise from the right lobe?

Answer 24

caudate and quadrate lobes

Question 25

where is the caudate lobe located?

Answer 25

on the upper aspect of the visceral surface

Question 26

what does the caudate lobe lie between?

Answer 26

it lies between the inferior vena cava and a fossa produced by the ligamentum venosum

Question 27

what is the ligamentum venosum a remnant of?

Answer 27

a remnant of the fetal ductus venosus

Question 28

where is the quadrate lobe located?

Answer 28

The quadrate lobe is located on the lower aspect of the visceral surface

Question 29

what does the quadrate lobe lie between?

Answer 29

It lies between the gallbladder and a fossa produced by the ligamentum teres

Question 30

what is the ligamentum teres a remnant of?

Answer 30

a remnant of the fetal umbilical vein

Question 31

what is the porta hepatis?

Answer 31

a deep fissure

Question 32

where is the porta hepatis located?

Answer 32

Between the caudate and quadrate lobes

Question 33

what is the function of the porta hepatis?

Answer 33

It transmits all the vessels, nerves and ducts entering or leaving the liver.

Question 34

microscopic view of liver: what are the cells of the liver known as?

Answer 34

hepatocytes

Question 35

microscopic view of the liver: how are the hepatocytes arranged?

Answer 35

into lobules

Question 36

what are lobules?

Answer 36

structural units of the liver

Question 37

how is each lobule shaped?

Answer 37

Each lobule is hexagonal-shaped

Question 38

what is each lobule drained by? what is it called?

Answer 38

each lobule is drained by a venule in its center, called a central vein

Question 39

what is located at the periphery of the hexagon lobules? what are they known as?

Answer 39

three structures collectively known as the portal triad

Question 40

what are contained within the portal triad?

Answer 40

arteriole, venule, duct

Question 41

what is the arteriole within the portal triad of the liver lobule a branch of?

Answer 41

a branch of the hepatic artery entering the liver

Question 42

what is the venule within the portal triad of the liver lobule a branch of?

Answer 42

a branch of the hepatic portal vein entering the liver

Question 43

what is the duct within the portal triad of the liver lobule a branch of?

Answer 43

branch of the bile duct leaving the liver

Question 44

what is also contained within the portal triad aside from the arteriole, venule and duct?

Answer 44

The portal triad also contains lymphatic vessels and vagus nerve (parasympathetic) fibres