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Abdo > Spleen > Flashcards

Spleen Flashcards

1
Q

where is the spleen located within the abdomen?

A

upper left quadrant of the abdomen, under cover of the diaphragm and ribcage

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2
Q

what is the spleen roughly the size of?

A

a clenched fist

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3
Q

what is the function of the spleen in an adult?

A

blood filter, removing old red blood cells. It also plays a role in the immune response

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4
Q

As the spleen is located under cover of the diaphragm and ribcage, what does this mean?

A

it cannot be palpated on clinical examination

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5
Q

what type of organ is the spleen and what is it surrounded by? except what?

A

It is an intraperitoneal organ, entirely surrounded by peritoneum (except at the splenic hilum)

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6
Q

what lies anteriorly to the spleen?

A

stomach

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7
Q

what lies posteriorly to the spleen?

A

diaphragm
left lung
ribs 9-11

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8
Q

what lies inferiorly to the spleen?

A

left colic flexure

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9
Q

what lies medially to the spleen?

A

left kidney

tail of the pancreas

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10
Q

what is the spleen connected to?

A

the stomach and kidney by parts of the greater omentum

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11
Q

what is the spleen connected to the stomach and kidney by?

A

greater omentum

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12
Q

what is the greater omentum?

A

a double fold of peritoneum that originates from the stomach

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13
Q

what is the ligament that joins the spleen to the stomach?

A

Gastrosplenic ligament

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14
Q

what does the gastrosplenic ligament connect?

A

connects the spleen to the greater curvature of the stomach

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15
Q

what connects the spleen to the kidney?

A

Splenorenal ligament

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16
Q

what does the splenorenal ligament connect exactly?

A

connects the hilum of the spleen to the left kidney

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17
Q

what lies within the splenorenal ligament?

A

The splenic vessels and tail of the pancreas

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18
Q

what shape is the spleen?

A

slightly oval shape

19
Q

what is the spleen covered by? what does it allow for?

A

a weak capsule that protects the organ, whilst allowing it to expand in size

20
Q

what can the outer surface of the spleen divided into?

A

2
diaphragmatic surface
visceral surface

21
Q

what is the diaphragmatic surface of the spleen in contact with?

A

in contact with diaphragm and ribcage

22
Q

what is the visceral surface of the spleen in contact with?

A

the other abdominal viscera

23
Q

what are the different borders of the spleen?

A

anterior, superior, posteromedial and inferior borders

24
Q

what are the posteromedial and inferior borders like?

A

smooth

25
Q

what are the anterior and superior borders of the spleen like?

A

anterior and superior borders contain notches

26
Q

what is enlargement of the spleen known as?

A

splenomegaly

27
Q

what happens in splenomegaly?

A

the superior border moves inferomedially, and its notches can be palpated

28
Q

what is the spleen like in terms of vascularisation?

A

The spleen is a highly vascular organ

29
Q

where does the spleen receive its arterial supply from?

A

splenic artery

30
Q

where does the splenic artery arise from?

A

coeliac trunk

31
Q

where does the coeliac trunk run?

A

laterally along the superior aspect of the pancreas, within the splenorenal ligament

32
Q

what happens to the splenic artery as it reaches the spleen?

A

it branches into five vessels – each supplying a different part of the organ

33
Q

how do the 5 branches of the splenic artery supply different parts of the organ?

A

These arterial branches do not anastomose with each other – giving rise to vascular segments of the spleen.

34
Q

as the 5 branches do not anastomose, what does this enable the surgeon to do?

A

This enables a surgeon to remove one of these segments without affecting the others (a procedure known as a subtotal splenectomy)

35
Q

what is the venous drainage of the spleen?

A

splenic vein

36
Q

what does splenic vein combine?

A

superior mesenteric vein

37
Q

what does splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein combine to form?

A

the hepatic portal vein

38
Q

what is the nerve supply to the spleen from?

A

the coeliac plexus

39
Q

which abdominal organ has the highest incidence of injury?

A

The spleen

40
Q

when does the rupture of the spleen occur?

A

when there is a break in its fibroelastic capsule, disrupting the underlying parenchyma

41
Q

what is rupture of the spleen normally caused by?

A

Rupture is caused by blunt or penetrating trauma

42
Q

what is rupture of the spleen normally associated with?

A

It is often associated with left rib fractures, with a bony fragment easily tearing the capsule

43
Q

what does the rupture of the spleen result in? why?

A

As the spleen is a highly vascular organ, its rupture results in profuse bleeding into the peritoneal cavity

44
Q

what is the definitive treatment for rupture of the spleen?

A

full or partial removal of the spleen

Abdo (50 decks)

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