Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm 1 > Antimicrobials 1 > Flashcards

Antimicrobials 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the MOA of penicillin

A

Disrupt the synthesis of the cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what must be happening for penicillin to be effective

A

Bacteria must be growing and dividing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

6 Classes of drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis

A 
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
Vancomycin
Aztreonam
Televancin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what does penicillin inhibit

A

transpeptidases which are essential for cell wall synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

penicillin activates what

A

autolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

T/F penicillin has low toxicity

A

TRue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Penicillin A/E (3)

A

urticaria
pruritis
angioedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

6 indications for penicillin

A

Gonorrhea

perionitis

UTI

Pneumonia and other Resp Infections

Septicemia

Meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

S/E for Penicillin (5)

A

GI distress

oral/vaginal candidiasis

general rash

Anaphylaxis

Itchiness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

4 Types of Penicillins

A

Natural

Penicillinase-Resistant

Aminopenicillins

Extended-Spectrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

2 Natural penicillins

A

PCN G

PCN V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Penicillinase-Resistant drug

A

nafcillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

2 aminopenicillin drugs

A

amoxicillin

ampicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Extended-spectrum penicillin

A

piperacillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how are Natural pcns: penicillin g& V given

A

IV/IM (PO avaliable)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does Natural pcns work on

A

Works on Gram +, gram – cocci, anaerobic bacteria, spirochetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is 1.2 life of natural pcn

A

30 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what can natural pcn be used with

A

aminoglycosides - disrupts protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

T/F Nafcillin is the drug of choice for this class of PCNs

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

T/F Nafcillin is IV only

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

T/F Nafcillin Resist breakdown by the penicillanse enzyme

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a common adverse effect with Ampicillin

A

diarrhea and rash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how is ampicillin administered

A

PO/IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

T/F ampicillin is renal sensitive

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

T/F Amoxicillin has less SE than ampicillin

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Who is amoxicillin common in

A

pediatrics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

route of amoxicillin

A

PO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What areas are amoxicillin common for treating

A

ear

nose

throat

genitourinary

skin infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

T/F piperacillin is Always given with a beta lactamase inhibitor

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What infection is piperacillin good for

A

pseudomonas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what should you watch for with piperacillin

A

patients with renal dysfunction as it also affects platelet function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

5 classes of Cephalosporins

A

1st gen

2nd gen

3rd gen

4th gen

5th gen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what is the MOA of cephalosporins

A

Structurally similar to PCNs

Inhibit cell wall synthesis through same penicillin-binding protein -> activate autolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

T/F cephalosporins have a low toxicity

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

most common A/E of cephalosporins

A

Mild diarrhea

abdominal cramps

rash

pruritis

redness

edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

indications of cephalosporins

A

same as penicillins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

pregnancy category of cephalosporins

A

Category B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

T/F Cephalosporins have poor oral absorption

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

2 1st Generation cephalosporin drugs

A

Cefazolin

cephalexin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

what do 1st gen cephalosporin drugs work well for

A

gram + bacteria

staph and non-enterococcal strep infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

route of 1st gen cephalosporin drugs

A

PO or IV

Cefazolin only IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is cefazolin common for

A

surgical prophylaxis

43
Q

2nd generation cephalosporin drugs

A

cefuroxime

cefotetan

44
Q

coverage for 2nd generation cephalosporin drugs

A

More gram – coverage AND the gram + coverage

45
Q

Route of 2nd gen cephalosporins

A

IV/PO

46
Q

What does Cefuroxime not kill

A

anerobic bacteria

47
Q

Name the 3 3rd generation drugs

A

ceftriaxone
ceftazidime
Cefotaxine

48
Q

Action of 3rd generation cephalosporins

A

Most potent in fighting gram – bacteria BUT much less activity against gram +

49
Q

routes avaliable for 3rd gen cephalosporins

A

IV/IM

Other forms available in PO

50
Q

T/F Ceftriaxone is EXTREMELY long-acting (once per day dosing benefit)

A

True

51
Q

Are 3rd gen cephalosporins able to cross the BBB

A

Able to cross the blood brain barrier so effective in treating meningitis and other infections within the CNS

52
Q

Who do we not give give 3rd gen cephalosporins to

A

patients with liver failure

53
Q

what does ceftazidime work well for

A

pseudomonas

54
Q

what is the 4th generation drug

A

Cefepime

55
Q

what does cefepime work against

A

gram - & + (very broad spectrum)

56
Q

What infections do cefepime work for

A

Uncomplicated/complicated UTIs, skin infections and pneumonias

57
Q

does cefepime cross the BBB

A

yes

58
Q

5th generation cephalosporin

A

ceftaroline

59
Q

what does ceftaroline treat

A

Treats MRSA and MSSA works again some VRSA/VISA

60
Q

what does ceftaroline not cover

A

No Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, ESBL, Klebsiella coverage

61
Q

how is ceftaroline dosed

A

renally

62
Q

route of ceftaroline

A

IV

63
Q

what does Ceftolozane/tazobactam (Zerbaxa) NEWEST cephalosporin do

A

treats complicated infections

64
Q

name the 2 Carbapenems

A

imipenem/cilastin (Primaxin)

meropenem

65
Q

MOA of carbapenems

A

Bactericidal & cell wall inhibitor (same as previous two classes)

66
Q

Biggest A/E of carbapenems

A

drug-induced seizure activity

67
Q

Caution with carbapenem IVs

A

ALL are IV and must be INFUSED OVER 60 MINUTES

68
Q

what are carbapenems usually used as

A

last resort medication

69
Q

T/F Carbapenems are the BROADEST spectrum of all antibiotics

A

True

70
Q

what does Imipenem/cilastin bind to

A

penicillin-binding proteins -> inhibits the cell wall synthesis
VERY RESISTANT TO BETA-LACTAMASE

71
Q

T/F Imipenem/cilastin (primaxin) is the most broad spectrum

A

TRUE

72
Q

route of Imipenem/cilastin (primaxin)

A

IV

73
Q

T/F Imipenem/cilastin (primaxin) can penetrate BBB and meninges

A

TRUE

74
Q

What do we watch for with Imipenem/cilastin (primaxin)

A

WATCH FOR SEIZURES especially in elderly and with other meds that can induce seizures

75
Q

what is Imipenem/cilastin (primaxin) used form

A

complicated infections

76
Q

coverage for meropenem

A

A little less coverage than imipenem; but still gram + and – aerobes and anaerobes

77
Q

facts about meropenem

A

Doesn’t degrade in kidneys

Less seizure activity

78
Q

S/E for meropenem

A

rash and diarrhea

79
Q

ertapenem

A

less spectrum; but only have to give once a day

80
Q

doripenem

A

newest; less seizure activity; NOT FOR PNEUMONIA

81
Q

What kind of antibiotic is Vanomycin

A

Glycopeptide

82
Q

what is the MOA of Vanomycin

A

Destroys by binding to bacterial cell wall, producing immediate inhibition of cell wall synthesis and death

83
Q

what does Vanomycin work on

A

gram + infections -> including MRSA and PCN resistant pneumococcus

84
Q

what is oral vancomycin given to treat

A

clostridium difficile and pseudomembranous colitis

85
Q

what does vancomycin not work for

A

CNS infections

86
Q

how is vancomycin eliminated

A

Kidneys eliminate drug; decrease doses for renal dysfunction

87
Q

Toxic side effects of vancomycin (5)

A

Ototoxicity with high levels (can be reversible)

Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia

Nephrotoxic watch when using with other drugs (aminoglycosides, cyclosporin’s, IV contrast) that affect kidneys

Watch with neuromuscular blockades (paralyzers)

88
Q

what is Red man syndrome

A

usually related to rapid infusion

Flushing, rash, pruritis, urticaria, tachycardia, hypotension

Infuse slowly and over longer time periods
Usually NOT harmful

89
Q

Monobactam drug

A

Aztreonma

90
Q

what is aztreonma most commonly used for

A

gram - bacteria

91
Q

MOA of aztreonam

A

Still uses the penicillin binding protein; inhibits cell wall synthesis and cell lysis

92
Q

route of aztreonam

A

IV/IM

93
Q

S/E of Aztreonam

A

thrombophlebitis/pain at injection site

94
Q

t/f aztreonam Can work for CNS infections- crosses the BBB

A

True

95
Q

MOA of televancin

A

inhibits cell wall synthesis

96
Q

route of televancin

A

IV only: usually for skin infections r/t gram + bacteria (works for MRSA)

97
Q

A/E for televancin

A

renal toxicity, infusion-related reactions, prolonged QT interval

98
Q

2 derivatives of televancin

A

dalbavancin

oritavancin

*long half life

99
Q

Teicoplanin is a semisynthetic what

A

glycopeptide

100
Q

MOA of Teicoplanin

A

Inhibits peptidoglycan polymerization, results in inhibition of cell wall synthesis and cell death

101
Q

route of teicoplanin

A

PO

102
Q

what does teicoplanin treat (2)

A

C Diff and pseudomembranous colitis

or

Treats gram-positive bacterial infections like MRSA and Enterococcus [similar to Vanc]

103
Q

T/F teicoplanin has a long half life

A

True

Pharm 1 (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions