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Pharm 1 > Gall bladder disorders > Flashcards

Gall bladder disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is Cholelithiasis

A

Gallbladder Stones

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2
Q

What is the Etiology of cholelithiasis

A

Unknown

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3
Q

6 Risk Factors of Cholelithiasis

A

Family Hx

Age over 40

High estrogen levels

Gender Female 9%, male 6%

Seditary lifestyle and obesity

Diet - high cholesterol and fat

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4
Q

Where does BILE come from

A

produced in liver and stored in the gallbladder

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5
Q

what is the FUNCTION of BILE

A

helps digest lipids and transport waste products

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6
Q

What are the 6 components of Bile

A

billirubin

cholesterol

bile salts

water

protein

calcium

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7
Q

what are the 4 stages to CHOLELITHIASIS PATHO

A

Bile stasis - bile not moving

super-saturation with cholesterol

causing precipitation

precipitates lead to gallstone formation

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8
Q

T/F Stones can rremain in the gall bladder or they can migrate through the ducts

A

True

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9
Q

Movement or Stagnaition of stones can result in what 3 things in the gallbladder

A

Pain - RUQ

Obstruction - bile duct

Cholecystitis

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10
Q

What is silent cholelithiasis

A

Gallstones that stay in the gallbladder

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11
Q

what are the clinical manifestations of silent cholelithiasis

A

asymptomatic

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12
Q

What 2 things do cholelithiasis depend onto measure severity

A

movement of stones

obstruction

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13
Q

what is billiary colic

A

steady, severe pain due to gallstones in the RUQ that may radiate to right shoulder

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14
Q

What are some accmopanying symptoms of cholelithiasis/billiary colic

A

Tachycardia

diaphoresis

epigastric pain

MAY BE CALLED EPIGASTRIC PAIN

SIMILAR TO CARDIAC ISSUES

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15
Q

What are the 7 clinical manifestations of OBSTRUCTED BILE FLOW

A

Jaundice - Bile cannot flow into the duodenum

Dark amber urine that foams when shaken- Soluble bilirubin in urine

Clay colored stools - Bilirubin does not reach small intestine to be converted into urobilinogen

Steatorrhea - No bile salts in duodenum, preventing fat digestion

Puritis – itching - Deposit of bile salts into skin tissues

Intolerance to fatty foods - No bile in small intestine to help with fat digestion

Bleeding tendencies - Decreased absorption of vitamin K

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16
Q

What is the correlation with Bile and Vitmain K

A

With no Bile you can not absorb Vitamin K

We need Vitamin K for Clotting Factors, may result in a prolonged INR and prolonged PTT

17
Q

Most Common Etiology of Cholecystitis

A

Obstruction from gallstones or biliary sludge

18
Q

What are the 4 other causes of Cholecystitis

A

Prolonged immobility/fasting (NPO, no food in gi tract)

Bacterial infection

Parenteral nutrition

Diabetes mellitus

19
Q

PATHO of CHOLECYSTITIS

A

obstruction that leads to inflammation of the gallbladder

20
Q

What can happen to the gallbladder with cholecystiti

A

Gallbladder can become:

Edematous

Hyperemic - Increase blood flow

Distended

21
Q

What can happen over time with cholecystitis

A

Scarring and decreased functioning

22
Q

manifestations with Cholecystitis

A

RUQ pain that radiates to shoulder

23
Q

systemic manifestations with Cholecystitis

A

Fever

N/V

restlessness

Diaphoresis

24
Q

What lab values will you see with cholecystitis

A

Increase in:

Billirubin

Liver Enzymes

WBC’s

Amylase

25
Q

Why do we see an increase in amylase with cholecystitis

A

Increase Amylase (pancreatic enzyme) and it releases into the common bile duct and if the blockage is low enough in the common duct that it blocks pancreatic duct then it can cause damage to the pancreas

26
Q

What is given for pain control of gallbladder issues

A

Analgesic:

Ketorolac (Toradol)

27
Q

what is given for N/V of gallbladder issues

A

Antiemetics

28
Q

Why are Anticholinergics given for gallbladder problems

A

Decrease gallbladder secretion and stop smooth muscle spasms

29
Q

What are bile acids given for

A

dissolve stones

Pharm 1 (28 decks)

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