CKD Flashcards
3 important endocrine functions of the kidneys
Produces erythropoietin- stimulates RBC production
Activates Vitamin D
Produces renin, which helps regulate blood pressure
Normal BUN Values
10 - 20 mg/dL
Normal Creatinine Values
0.5 - 1.2 mg/d
Normal GFR
> 90 mL/min
T/F BUN & Creatinine maintain a 10:1 ratio
True
What is Chronic Kidney Disease(CKD)
Presence of kidney damage for more than 3 months with or without a GFR of < 60
CKD has an inability to
Maintain acid-base balance
Remove end products of metabolism
Maintain fluid and electrolyte balance
5 Stages of CKD
1
Kidney damage with normal or increased GFR
≥ 90
2
Kidney damage with mild decrease in GFR
60-89
3
Moderate decrease in GFR
30-59
4
Severe decrease in GFR
15-29
5
End stage kidney [renal] disease (ESRD)
<15
Causes of ESKD
Diabetes, 50%
HTN, 30%
Glomerulo-nephritis, 10%
Other, 10%
9 Risk factors for CKD
Family history and other vascular problems Increasing age (>60) Male African American HTN, DM, smoking Overweight and obesity
3 key characteristics of PATHO of CKD
Glomerulosclerosis – scar tissue in glomerulus, tissue can not filter blood properly
Interstitial fibrosis – destruction of renal tubules and interstitial capillaries
Interstitial inflammation – further damage
What plays a major role in the process of CKD
Complement – inflammatory processes
Angiotensin II – increase in BP
Clinical Manifestations of CKD by stage
1
Asymptomatic
2
Asymptomatic, possible HTN
3
HTN, otherwise asymptomatic
4
Manifestations becoming apparent– diagnosis often occurs here
5- ESRD
“Uremia” – Retention of many metabolic wastes
what is uremia
Retention of many metabolic wastes
Urea Creatinine Phenols Hormones Electrolytes Water
Often seen when GFR ≤ 10 mL/min
psychologic manifestations of ESRD
Anxiety
Depression
cardio manifestations of esrd
HTN heat failure coronary artery disease pericarditis peripheral artery disease
gasto manifestations of esrd
N/V
anorexia
gastro bleeding
gastritis
neruo manifestations of esrd
fatigue
H/A
sleep disturbance
encephalopathy
